资源简介

高考英语考前冲刺押题预测 说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 青羊区校级模拟） Some talk of building settlements on the moon or mars to help make sure humanity survives long into the future.Others have their sights set closer to home：on future cities under the ocean.
"Technologically speaking，it is absolutely possible to colonize the bottom of the sea，" says Fabien Cousteau，a well﹣known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world's only functioning undersea habitat，Aquarius.It's about the size of a school bus and located 62 feet below the ocean surface off the Florida Keys.
Just as astronauts test what it would be like to live in space，aquanauts try out undersea living with an eye on the future.Escaping from disasters such as climate change，wars，or pandemics is one reason to live under the sea.Others include studying，exploring，or appreciating the ocean.It's costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must pump in or make its own air，electricity，and fresh water.Inhabitants have to deal with high pressure.And infections can develop rapidly due to high humidity.
Despite the challenges，several new ocean habitats and cities are under construction.A series of space station﹣like undersea living quarters for aquanauts called Proteus are scheduled to be completed by 2025 off Curacao，an island north of Venezuela in South America.An undersea colony called Ven Base Alpha will be built near a hydrothermal vent，which would supply it with energy.Meanwhile，an undersea city called Ocean Spiral in Japan would link its surface to the deep sea，using the difference in pressure to generate energy and produce fresh water.This sounds amazing，but it would be extremely expensive and remains just a design.
Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea.This type of development could place even more strain on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change.It's important to make sure that any construction is done carefully，says Susanne Menden﹣Deuer，an oceanographer at the University of Rhode Island.Wild undersea habitats should be treated as "the precious，irreplaceable resource that they are，" she says.
（1）What do we know about Aquarius？ 　 　
A.It is still under construction.
B.It functions as an undersea school bus.
C.It is the only ocean habitat in operation.
D.It only allows a person to live there for 31 days.
（2）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ 　 　
A.The present and future of living under the sea.
B.The reasons and challenges of living under the sea.
C.The purpose and cost of building undersea settlements.
D.The problems and findings of building undersea settlements.
（3）What would be the result of building homes in the ocean according to the text？ 　 　
A.Rapid development of undersea habitats.
B.Protection of irreplaceable ocean resource.
C.Negative impacts on undersea ecosystems.
D.Struggles with pollution and climate change.
（4）Where is the text most probably taken from？ 　 　
A.A textbook.
B.An exam paper.
C.An academic article.
D.A science magazine.
2．（2025 青羊区校级模拟） Can merely making a pledge（誓言） to be honest without any punishment involved lead people to behave more honestly，even when there's reason to lie？
A recent study published in Nature Human Behavior reveals that honesty pledges can effectively reduce dishonest behavior—but only when carefully worded.Psychologist Janis Zickfeld and his team conducted experiments with over 21，000 participants from the U.S.and the U.K.，simulating a tax﹣reporting scenario where subjects could lie about their earnings without penalty.Participants performed a sorting task in which they earned money based on how quickly they finished.They then reported how much they had made，which was taxed at 35 percent.Participants could lie without consequence but were also told the collected tax would go to the Red Cross.
The researchers generated 21 types of honesty pledges.The tax compliance figure averaged 3 percent for participants in the control group who declared their income without taking pledges，compared with 86.2 percent averaged across all the groups that made pledges.The research found that the pledges were far from equal in preserving honest behavior.Specific pledges like "Misreporting is forbidden" reduced cheating by nearly 50% compared to vague statements such as "I am an honest person." The next most effective spelled out the meaning of dishonesty or the rules to be followed （"I understand that misreporting is forbidden in this study"）.Casting honesty as all﹣or﹣nothing （"either the reporting is honest or it is not"） and appealing to social norms were also both modestly effective.Pledges highlighting social bonds or self﹣image did not have a significant effect.
Timing also mattered：pledges presented after completing a task but before reporting results were more effective than those shown earlier.Additionally，participants who typed their pledges rather than just checking a box showed higher compliance rates，suggesting active engagement strengthens commitment.Interestingly，the study uncovered demographic （人口统计的）differences.Younger males with low scores in "honesty﹣humility" personality traits were most likely to cheat，while cultural factors also played a role—Americans lied more frequently than British participants in the pound﹣denominated experiment，where the British pound is used，so foreign currencies perhaps seemed more abstract to the American participants.
These findings have practical implications.As researcher Shaul Shalvi notes， "Precision in wording isn't just about grammar；it's what separates symbolic gestures from real behavioral change." The team is now applying these insights in real﹣world settings，including hospitals tracking medical equipment returns.
"The beauty of these interventions is：they're very cheap，" Shalvi says.But this study is only a first step. "Once we know what effects are vigorous and steady，we can go to policymakers and suggest randomized controlled trials in target populations.Then，if that works，we can look at changing tax forms or whatever."
（1）What is the primary focus of the research discussed in the passage？ 　 　
A.The economic benefits of tax compliance.
B.The psychological mechanisms behind effective integrity pledges.
C.A comparison of ethical standards across cultures and nations.
D.Technological solutions for reducing financial fraud.
（2）What does the underlined word "compliance" mean in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.Understanding.
B.Agreement.
C.Obedience.
D.Remembering.
（3）Which pledge would likely work best in a school exam setting？ 　 　
A. "Good students don't cheat."
B. "Cheating violates academic rules."
C. "I value honesty in education."
D. "Most students prefer fair tests."
（4）Which real﹣world application of the study's findings is mentioned in the passage？ 　 　
A.Designing tax forms with stricter penalties.
B.Tracking medical equipment returns in hospitals.
C.Promoting honesty pledges in international trade.
D.Training teachers to use vague moral statements.
3．（2025 九龙坡区模拟） Sociologist Antonio Casilli's newly updated book Waiting for Robots，offers a detailed commentary on automation and artificial intelligence （AI）.Casilli uses his academic knowledge to analyze the complicated，often invisible human labor that supports these systems.As its core，the book challenges the idea of fully autonomous AI.
Structured into three parts，the book systematically unpacks the complexities of digital labor.The first section represents the idea that AI ignores human work，suggesting instead that it re﹣equips labor in ways that cover its value.The second section provides vivid examples of how digital platforms exploit three kinds of human labor："on﹣demand work，microwork，and social media work." The final section examines the global inequalities made by these systems，proposing solutions such as platform cooperative and redistributive income models.
Central to Casilli's argument is the concept of"artificial artificial intelligence（AAI），"a term he uses to describe how"human input is a major component of all artificial intelligence tools." Platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk，Uber，and Facebook，for example，obtain value from human effort through tasks such as data annotation（批注），content adjustment，and algorithm（算法） training.
Building on this idea，the book also introduces multisided markets，where platforms design interactions to get value.Casilli offers insights into how video platforms reward viewers by selling advertising space，often without making up for content creators' devotion directly.Beyond labor，he also shows the commercialization of user data，uncovering how platforms get profit from records of consumer behaviors，interactions，and social connections.This practice raises considerable concerns about supervision，privacy，and the worse situation of global inequalities.
Overall，Waiting for Robots makes a substantial contribution to the discussion on digital labor and platform capitalism.In its conclusion，Casilli suggests that"Data could become the direct，indivisible，and inalienable collective property of its users."and encourages readers to propose a fairer and more inclusive digital economy.
（1）What is a feature of the book Waiting for Robots？ 　 　
A.It is packed with neat survey data.
B.It is intended for AI professionals.
C.It carries scientific illustrations vividly.
D.It explains complex ideas academically.
（2）Why did Casilli write the book Waiting for Robots？ 　 　
A.To expose hidden human costs of AI.
B.To recommend vast application of AI.
C.To introduce potential impact of AI.
D.To present economic benefits of AI.
（3）What does the underlined word"inalienable" in the last paragraph mean？ 　 　
A.Non﹣profitable.
B.Non﹣shiftable.
C.Inefficient.
D.Invisible.
（4）What do we know about Casilli from the text？ 　 　
A.He is brave and strong﹣willed.
B.He is honest and warm﹣hearted.
C.He is critical and open﹣minded.
D.He is academic and sharp﹣eyed.
4．（2025 湛江二模） Construction materials such as concrete and plastic have the potential to lock away billions of tons of carbon dioxide，according to a new study by civil engineers and earth systems scientists at the University of California，Davis （UC Davis） and Stanford University.The study shows that combined with steps to decarbonize（脱去……的碳）the economy，storing CO2in buildings could help the world achieve goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The goal of carbon sequestration is to take carbon dioxide，either from where it is being produced or from the atmosphere，change it into a stable form and store it away from the atmosphere where it cannot contribute to climate change.Proposed schemes have involved，for example，injecting carbon underground or storing it in the deep ocean.These approaches pose both practical challenges and environmental risks.
"What if，instead，we can leverage materials that we already produce in large quantities to store carbon？"said Van Roijen，who led the study as a graduate student at UC Davis.
Researchers found that while bio﹣based plastics could take up the largest amount of carbon by weight，by far the largest potential for carbon storage is in using carbonated aggregates（碳化骨料） to make concrete.That 's because concrete is by far the world's most popular building material；Over 20 billion tons are produced every year.
"If feasible，a little bit of storage in concrete could go a long way，"said Sabbie Miller，associate professor at UC Davis.The team calculated that if 10% of the world's concrete aggregate production was carbonatable，it could absorb a gigaton （十亿吨）of CO2.
"The feedstocks for these new processes for making building materials are mostly low﹣value waste materials such as biomass，"Van Roijen said."Performing these new processes would enhance their value，boosting economic development and promoting a circular economy."
"Some technology development is needed，particularly in cases where material performance and net﹣storage potential of individual manufacturing methods must be confirmed，However，many of these technologies are just waiting to be adopted，"Sabbie Miller said.
（1）What does the underlined word"sequestration"in paragraph 2 mean？　 　
A.Separation.
B.Collection.
C.Reduction.
D.Production.
（2）What makes concrete a better option for carbon storage？　 　
A.Its low price.
B.Its heavy weight.
C.Its common use.
D.Its special function.
（3）What benefit does using new building material processes bring？　 　
A.Lower material costs.
B.Increasing the value of waste.
C.Higher concrete production.
D.No need for technology development.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？　 　
A.Concrete and Plastic：the Emerging Stars of Carbon Storage
B.Innovations in Building Materials：Towards Net Zero Carbon
C.Decarbonisation Technologies：Challenges and Opportunities
D.New Building Materials：the Potential and Prospects of Carbon Storage
5．（2025 黄山二模） First they came for the eggs.Then the feta cheese，cottage cheese and cucumbers.In some countries，these ingredients （食材） were even out of stock：Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers，and feta briefly disappeared from grocery﹣store shelves.The reason for the mass purchases？Enthusiasts of online cooking were eager to recreate viral videos in which each of these ingredients starred.
Few topics are as appetizing to netizens as cooking，especially over the holidays.Food is the fourth﹣most popular subject on the internet，up from 17th place in 2009，according to GWI，a consumer﹣research firm.
The abundance of online﹣food contents not only causes occasional ingredient shortages when a video goes viral.It is also making cooking more gregarious.In eating broadcast videos，streamers can pig out food in front of a camera and field live comments from viewers and give instant feedbacks.The internet has brought people without notable restaurants or cookbooks to chef stardom.For example，around 21 million people subscribe to the YouTube of Nick DiGiovanni，a28﹣year﹣old，Harvard﹣educated food personality，about the same number as subscribe to that ofGordon Ramsay，a famous British chef.
The fact that social media have caused interest in food to rise as fast as home﹣baked bread should not come as a surprise.Everyone has to eat，and cooking is a common hobby.Video is also an efficient medium for instruction—more precise，in many ways，than the written word.Americans who recently cooked turkeys for Thanksgiving can testify that"golden brown" to one cook may look underdone to another and even burnt to a third.
Successful online food personalities"recognise and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers"，explains Madeline Buxton，culture and trends manager at YouTube.Some viewers want to be entertained；others want to learn，travel or eat vicariously （感同身受地） through people more adventurous than they are.Online chefs and food boosters sell a lifestyle：you are what you eat，how you eat and what you watch about eating.
（1）What caused some ingredients to be sold out in Iceland？ 　 　
A.The delicacy of those ingredients.
B.The modest price of those ingredients.
C.The inadequacy of online food contents.
D.Food lovers' rush to remake online videos.
（2）What does the underlined word"gregarious" in paragraph 3 mean？ 　 　
A.Creative.
B.Social.
C.Convenient.
D.Famous.
（3）Why does the author mention Thanksgiving turkey cooking？ 　 　
A.To illustrate tastes differ in turkey cooking.
B.To turn cooking into a widespread pastime.
C.To show videos deliver clearer instructions.
D.To suggest a preferred way of turkey cooking.
（4）What is Buxton's opinion about successful online food contents？ 　 　
A.They should be entertaining and instructive.
B.They should be adventurous and healthy.
C.They should be tailored to different needs.
D.They should be devoted to a balanced lifestyle.
6．（2025 河南模拟） In today's information﹣saturated world，where we're constantly bombarded with various opinions，data，and news from every corner of the internet and media，the ability to think critically has become more crucial than ever.It can take time to practice critical thinking，but it's never too late to start.For any individual aiming to better understand the world around you，the skills of critical thinking are indispensable.
Critical thinkers start by asking questions about whatever is in front of them.They consider cause and effect.If this，then what？If that，then how is the outcome different？They understand that every action has a consequence，and they think about all possible outcomes of decisions before they make them.
Once you have asked every question you can come up with about a matter，seek information that will help you answer those questions.Investigate!Do some research.You can learn almost anything on the Internet，but it's not the only place to do your research.Interview people.Ask the experts around you.Gather information and various opinions you can use to make your own determination.The wider the variety，the better.
You've got a pile of information，and now it's time to analyze it all with an open mind.This is the most challenging part，in my opinion.Try to be as aware as possible of prejudices（偏见） and turn them off.Question everything during this step.Are you being objective？Are you making guesses？Assuming anything？This is the time to look at every thought as purely as possible.Do you know it to be absolutely true？What are the facts？Have you considered the situation from every different point of view？
Critical thinkers are more interested in solutions than in placing blame，complaining，or gossiping.Once you've reached a conclusion through critical thinking，it's time to communicate and carry out a solution if one is called for.Not everyone involved will have thought the situation through as critically as you have.It's your job to understand that，and to present solutions in a way that everyone can understand.
（1）What do critical thinkers mean by asking questions？ 　 　
A.Being curious about everything.
B.Staying critical to the truth.
C.Keeping an open mind.
D.Stopping blaming others.
（2）What makes analyzing information the most difficult part according to the author？ 　 　
A.Experiences.
B.Mistakes.
C.Prejudices.
D.Researches.
（3）What's the last paragraph mainly about？ 　 　
A.Blames and complaints.
B.Reaching a decision.
C.Productive thinking.
D.Communicating answers.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing this passage？ 　 　
A.To criticize people who lack critical thinking skills.
B.To explain the importance of critical thinking in daily life.
C.To provide a step﹣by﹣step guide to practicing critical thinking.
D.To compare different methods of critical thinking.
7．（2025 腾冲市校级一模） Researchers recently presented new findings from a study of a spine﹣stimulating implant（脊柱刺激植入物），a medical device placed inside the body.Three patients suffering from spinal muscle atrophy （SMA），a muscle﹣destroying disease，experienced a remarkable change.After using the implant，they got a bit stronger，which enabled them to stand and walk with more ease.
Led by Marco Capogrosso，an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh，the research brought surprising results. "These patients didn't expect any improvement at all，" Capogrosso said.However，during the one﹣month study，they steadily got better.The implant，which was initially tested for treating paralysis（瘫痪），showed potential in treating SMA.It is a genetic disease that makes muscles shrink，especially in the legs，hips，and shoulders.There is no cure.A gene therapy can save the lives of very young children with a severe form of the disease，and there are some medicines to slow the disease in older patients.
Stimulating the spinal cord（脊髓）with low﹣level electricity has long been used to treat long﹣lasting pain.Capogrosso's team also applied this method to help spinal cord﹣injured patients move their arms.The device sends electrical signals to nerves that don't respond，which makes the muscles work.In this study，electrodes（电极）were put on the lower spinal cord of three adult SMA patients.The results were encouraging.Although normal movement wasn't fully restored，all patients experienced enhanced muscle strength and function after a few hours of spinal stimulation per week.By the end of the study，all three could walk farther in six minutes.
Fifty﹣seven﹣year﹣old Doug McCullough，one of the participants，was thrilled. "For a disease like this that gets worse，improvement is unheard of.So，any positive change is truly amazing，" he said.Neuroscientist Susan Harkema，who has done similar research on spinal cord injury stimulation，noted that while this study was small and short﹣term，it was still significant.She suggested further testing on other muscle﹣wasting diseases.Capogrosso has already started some small but longer﹣term studies.
（1）What did the study find about the spine﹣stimulating implant？ 　 　
A.It improved muscle strength.
B.It reduced long﹣term pain.
C.It cured spinal muscle atrophy.
D.It replaced gene treatment.
（2）How did the researchers conduct the experiment？ 　 　
A.They assisted patients in moving their arms.
B.They stimulated muscles in the legs and hips.
C.They examined the areas causing severe pain.
D.They placed electrodes on the lower spinal cord.
（3）What did Susan Harkema suggest for future research？ 　 　
A.Applying the implant to more SMA patients.
B.Providing people with access to the implant.
C.Testing the implant's potential for related conditions.
D.Extending treatment time to achieve full recovery.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ 　 　
A.To give advice on treating paralysis.
B.To introduce a spinal implant study.
C.To compare various SMA treatments.
D.To clarify the causing factors of SMA.
8．（2025 湛江二模） Students attending schools that ban the use of phones throughout the school day aren't necessarily experiencing better mental health and well﹣being，as the first worldwide study of its kind has found that just banning smartphones is not enough to tackle their negative impacts.
In a landmark study published in The Lancet Regional Health﹣Europe，1，227 students from 30 schools across England provided data about smartphone and social media usage and a range of mental health，well﹣being and other outcomes.Among the schools that took part in the study，20 had various forms of restrictive phone policies in place.
The study found that there was no difference in outcomes for students who attend schools that ban smartphones throughout the school day，including mental health，well﹣being，and other health and educational outcomes.
Smartphone bans in schools did lead to a slight decrease in students using phones（approximately 40 minutes） and social media（approximately 30 minutes） in school，but the study suggests that the impact is small and that school policies banning recreational phone use didn't lead to a meaningful reduction in the overall time spent using phones and social media.
"We did find a link between more time spent on phones and social media and worse outcomes，with worse mental well﹣being and mental health outcomes，less physical activity and poorer sleep，lower educational attainment and a greater level of disruptive classroom behaviour，"said Dr Victoria Goodyear，associate professor at the University of Birmingham and lead author of the study.
"This suggests that reducing this time spent on phones is an important focus.But we need to do more than focus on schools alone，and consider phone use within and outside of school，across a whole day and the whole week."
Professor Miranda Pallan from the University of Birmingham said，"Our study suggests that school policies are not the silver bullet for preventing the detrimental impacts of smartphone and social media use，but that addressing overall phone use should be a priority for improving health and well﹣being among adolescents."
（1）What did the study mainly focus on？　 　
A.Banning phones and mental health.
B.Tine on the phone and physical health.
C.Social media and personal preferences.
D.School discipline and playing phones.
（2）How did smartphone bans affect students' phone usage during school hours？　 　
A.A slight increase in use.
B.No obvious effect.
C.Remaining unchanged.
D.Switching to after﹣school activities.
（3）What does the study suggest about school policies on smartphone use？　 　
A.They are the only solution.
B.They have no impact at all.
C.They have solved the problem.
D.They are not a cure for all.
（4）In which section is the text most likely to appear in a newspaper？　 　
A.Public Health.
B.Behaviour Psychology.
C.Educational Policy.
D.Science and Technology.
9．（2025 黄山二模） Look through the pages of a business magazine or walk through an airport or train station and you' re likely to be surrounded with advertising from companies claiming to have gone green.Go to a grocery store and you' ll see everything from laundry washing powder to yogurt claiming to be net zero （净零排放）.Unfortunately，this isn't always the case.Painting a rosy picture of going green won't actually work.
This is why the United Nations Secretary﹣General António Guterres decided to blow the whistle and call on corporations to start walking the talk on their net﹣zero promises—which would require immediate action to cut greenhouse gas emissions as close to zero as possible.The Secretary﹣General is clear： "We cannot afford slow movers，fake movers or any form of greenwashing."
But why is greenwashing so bad？In part because the risks are so high.It's not just false advertising：fake net zero claims drive up the cost that ultimately everyone will have to pay in order to stop climate change.Greenwashing also fuels public disbelief about climate issues and damages one of the few mechanisms we have to coordinate（协调） global action.
To restore honesty to net zero commitment，the Secretary﹣General established a global task force of 17 experts to look closely at the standards，definitions and criteria surrounding them.The report，called"Integrity Matters"，sets out what it means to make a net zero promise.Once in effect，the criteria clarify what does and doesn't count towards a net zero goal as well as what is plainly disqualifying.This means that we can know the company's overall emissions are going down instead of buying cheap low quality credit in a short period of time.
We also want companies to publicly and transparently disclose real progress they are or aren't making to reduce their emissions.Work is underway to develop a credible，comprehensive public online database that we can check to see the progress a company is or isn't making to reduce its emission.
Today，we need a series of interconnected and dynamic moves for net zero goals.As Canada's Minster of Environment and Climate Change，I saw the power of business，financial institutions，cities and regions to help accelerate positive change.
（1）Why does the author list net zero claims in paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To advertise green products.
B.To present a phenomenon.
C.To propose a suggestion.
D.To criticize net zero.
（2）Which of the following can best describe greenwashing？ 　 　
A.It advocates maintaining a positive lifestyle by walking.
B.It is devoted to developing sustainable and green products.
C.It dampens public enthusiasm for buying high quality goods.
D.It is an act to offer misleading claims about cutting emissions.
（3）What can we learn about Integrity Matters from the text？ 　 　
A.It can offer specific guidelines on environmental promise.
B.It forces companies to declare their progress in going green.
C.It has addressed public's concerns over net zero promise.
D.It may disqualify consumers to buy green products.
（4）What might the author continue talking about？ 　 　
A.Examples of combined green efforts.
B.Benefits of ensuring a sustainable planet.
C.Rewards for genuine green action.
D.Great influences of Integrity Matters.
10．（2025 河南模拟） If a robot is being used to gather data in sensitive underwater environments，it shouldn't have a propeller（螺旋桨） that could harm wildlife or get caught in weeds.A new robot addresses that issue by u﹣sing a swimming mechanism inspired by flatworms.
Although marine flatworms generally stay on the seabed，they can swim through open water by moving their thin，flat bodies.A series of traveling waves start at the front of the worm's body and roll to the back，pushing it forward.
Scientists at Switzerland's EPFL university have now copied that action in a tiny robot that can move in any direction across the water's surface.The battery﹣powered device weighs just 6 grams and measures 45 mm long by 55 mm wide.
Its propelling system includes two soft，flexible，6﹣mm﹣thick rubber membranes（膜） which serve as fins（鳍）.Each of those fins is connected to its own electrohydraulic operator，which generates waves that travel through the membrane.An onboard electronic control system delivers up to 500 volts to each of those operators.
Applying this setup，the robot is capable of moving across the surface at speeds of up to 12 cm per second.It actually improves upon the flatworm's mechanism，as its fins move 10 times faster than the worm's body.And what's more，along with being able to travel forward and turn to either side，the robot can also move sideways or backwards if an additional two operators are fixed.Plus it's claimed to not produce any motor noise.
Possible uses for more advanced versions of the robot could include environmental monitoring，pollution tracking，and precision agricultural tasks in settings such as flooded rice areas."We aim to extend operating times and enhance autonomy，"says former EPFL researcher Florian Hartmann，the research group leader."The fundamental insights gained from this project will not only advance the science of bioinspired robotics but also lay the foundation for practical，lifelike robotic systems that harmonize with nature."
（1）What does the author mainly intend to show in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.The appearance of marine flatworms.
B.The living environment of marine flatworms.
C.The swimming mechanism of marine flatworms.
D.The movement direction of marine flatworms.
（2）What can we know about the new robot？ 　 　
A.It has a propeller to gather data in water.
B.It weighs 45 grams and is 55 mm long.
C.It can only move forward and turn to either side.
D.It can move much faster than a flatworm in water.
（3）What is Florian Hartmann's attitude towards the future of the robot？ 　 　
A.Doubtful.
B.Optimistic.
C.Negative.
D.Critical.
（4）Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.A New Robot Inspired by Flatworms
B.The Future of Bio﹣inspired Robotics
C.The Swimming Mechanism of Flatworms
D.A Novel Underwater Robot in Agriculture
11．（2025 宁波模拟） Global sea levels continue to rise despite efforts that cities around the world are making to reduce the effects of climate change and their carbon emissions.One firm，however，is hoping to battle the effects of climate change.Driven by alarming estimates that 36.6 million people in Asian coastal cities like Mumbai could face flooding by 2070，Luca Curci Architects，based in Venice，Italy，has released Floating City﹣a design that would allow urban areas to rise with the waters while making use of renewable energies to reduce their own carbon emissions.
Each 25﹣acre unit houses 50，000 residents on interconnected platforms，with potential expansion for 200，000 and buildings are capped at 90 meters tall for stability."Structures must be flexible like bamboo in wind to resist waves，explains architect Curci.To achieve this，seawater resistant materials are given priority to，while hollow sections in platforms help them float.Meanwhile，movable bridges are constructed to link these"water neighborhoods"to mainland transport systems.
The project team also envisions a mix of renewable energy sources extracting power from wind，water，and the sun to power the city.During extreme weather，platforms automatically separate and regroup using intelligence algorithms inspired by how fish schools avoid hunters.
Compared to building artificial islands，this method preserves 68% more marine（海洋）life and uses surfaces that absorb rainwater to reduce flooding risks.However，challenges persist.Seawater slowly harms materials，requiring repair every four months，and emergency plans for extreme weather are still under way."This isn't about abandoning coasts but evolving with them，"notes designer Tim Fu.
While some question long﹣term possibility，the design redefines urban resilience.Unlike rigid sea walls，these dynamic structures harmonize with oceanic rhythms，offering a blueprint for climate solutions."Cities must learn to dance with the waves，"Curci says.This philosophy could transform humanity's relationship with rising seas，turning threats into sustainable opportunities.
（1）What drove Luca Curci Architects to come up with a new design？ 　 　
A.Energy crisis.
B.Potential disasters.
C.Tourism expansion.
D.Overcrowded cities.
（2）Which of the following best describes Luca Curci's design？ 　 　
A.Fictional and renewable.
B.Adaptable and innovative.
C.Eco﹣friendly and immovable.
D.Wave﹣resistant and conventional.
（3）A limitation of Luca Curci's design is that 　 　 .
A.it threatens marine life
B.it lacks clean energy options
C.it requires regular maintenance
D.it ignores coastal water changes
（4）Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.Ocean Protection：Life under Threat
B.Rising with the Tides：Floating Cities
C.Connecting to the Future：Eco Solutions
D.Coastal Design：Inspiration from Bamboo
12．（2025 贵港三模） Scientists have long been amazed at the large size of the human brain，which is seven times larger than expected for animals of our size.A significant part of our extra neurons（神经元） is located in the frontal cortex（额叶皮层），the region responsible for complex thought.To understand this，researchers have studied primates（灵长类），which also have large brains.Primates with larger frontal cortices tend to live in larger groups，suggesting that social complexity may drive brain evolution.
The social brain hypothesis（假说） proposes that the frontal cortex expanded in our ancestors due to the benefits of social intelligence.Brain imaging studies show that thinking about others activates the frontal cortex，supporting this idea.However，most research has focused on primates，with many scientists believing their social complexity is unique.
Dr.Kaye Holekamp，a professor at Michigan State University，challenges this view.Studying spotted hyenas（鬣狗），she found they live in societies as complex as macaque monkeys，with groups of 60﹣80 individuals who recognize each other.Hyenas exhibit strict social rankings，with dominant females controlling access to food.
From a CT﹣scan of a hyena skull，it is possible to reconstruct the 3 D structure of the brain it held.Dr.
Holekamp and her colleagues have been working to survey dozens of skulls from all four species in the hyena family.They suggested that species of hyenas with more complex social systems have larger frontal cortices.This finding supports the social complexity hypothesis and broadens our understanding of the evolution of social intelligence.
"It's just what the social complexity hypothesis would predict，"Dr.Holekamp said."The hyenas with the simplest social systems have the tiniest frontal cortices.The spotted hyena，which lives in the most complex societies，has far and away the largest frontal cortex."
Joan Silk，a primate expert，noticed Dr.Holekamp's work，saying，"Her studies bridge primates and hyenas，revealing shared rules in social complexity and brain evolution."
（1）Which theories about the evolution of the human brain is presented？ 　 　
A.Frontal cortex growth is limited by skull structure.
B.Human brain evolved due to increased physical activity.
C.Human frontal cortex increased in size for social intelligence.
D.Frontal cortex expansion is driven by social rankings.
（2）What did Dr.Holekamp's team find after analyzing hyena skulls？ 　 　
A.Hyenas follow the same brain﹣size evolution pattern.
B.Hyenas' frontal cortex size is reconstructed by CT﹣scan.
C.Hyenas with larger bodies tend to have larger frontal cortex.
D.Hyena brain structure changed from simple to complex.
（3）What is the significance of Dr.Holekamp's work according to Joan Silk？ 　 　
A.It proved that hyenas are more intelligent than primates.
B.It showed the interconnectedness of species' social systems.
C.It demonstrated the limitations of current research methods.
D.It completely overturned previous research on brain evolution.
（4）What is the purpose of the passage？ 　 　
A.To contrast hyena and human brain structures.
B.To highlight hyena family species' evolutionary histories.
C.To argue that hyena studies reveal more of brain function.
D.To discuss what hyena studies show about social intelligence.
13．（2025 佛山模拟） How individuals describe their experiences plays a crucial role in shaping emotions and decision﹣making.However，little research has examined whether language can impact how people experience time alone.To find it out，researchers studied how different terms used to describe time alone affect individuals"understanding of it and their emotions and behaviors.
In the first study，500 adults were randomly assigned to evaluate one of five labels describing time alone：me﹣time，time alone，solitude（孤单），being alone，or isolation（孤独）.They rated their assigned term on several dimensions，including how positive or negative it felt，its perceived impact on well﹣being，and whether they actively sought or avoided that type of experience.
This study revealed that"me﹣time"was consistently rated as the most positive，with participants considering it as beneficial to well﹣being and something they actively sought out.In contrast，"isolation"was viewed as the least desirable.The other three labels fell somewhere in between.
In the second study，176 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a 30﹣minute solitude period described as either me﹣time or isolation.Before the session，they completed a survey measuring baseline beliefs about being alone.During the session，they avoided all social interactions，but could engage in non﹣social activities like reading or writing.Afterward，they rated their emotions，described their thoughts and behaviors，and reassessed their beliefs about being alone.
Those who spent 30 minutes alone after being told they were having"me﹣time"reported an increase in positive effect，while those who were told they were in"isolation"experienced a decline in positive emotions.Additionally，participants in the"me﹣time"condition reported more positive beliefs about being alone after the session compared to their baseline beliefs，while those in the"isolation"condition showed no significant change.
Interestingly，choice of terms did not significantly influence the activities participants engaged in.But it did appear to shape thought content，with those in the"isolation"condition being more likely to think about schoolwork，while those in the"me﹣time"condition were more likely to reflect on personal growth.
The studies，however，involved individuals that consisted primarily of adults and undergraduate students，limiting the generalizability of the findings across diverse populations.
（1）One of the research purposes is to explore 　 　 .
A.the benefits of positive emotions
B.people's preferences for time alone
C.how people make decisions while alone
D.how language shapes people's perceptions
（2）What can be concluded from the first study？ 　 　
A.People treasure their time of being alone.
B.Label selection reflects people's personality.
C.People prefer being alone to social interaction.
D.Terms for time alone affect emotional responses.
（3）Why were the baseline beliefs about being alone rated？ 　 　
A.To predict future outcomes.
B.To ensure accurate understanding.
C.To track potential opinion shifts.
D.To group the participants accordingly.
（4）What is the limitation of the research？ 　 　
A.Contradictory results.
B.Restricted participant range.
C.Controlled research duration.
D.Unreliable research methods.
14．（2025 全国模拟） We often find it hard to tear our eyes away from screens—an urge so intense that it messes with our focus and our cognitive （认知的） health，which is known as "brain rot".The Oxford Dictionary defines it as the degradation of mental state due to overconsumption of online content.It refers to the dull stuff on social media and its negative impact on brain health.
"There's an arms race to develop digital content and platforms that can grab people's attention and compete in a digital market，" says Adam Leventhal，a professor at the University of Southern California. "Digital content and platforms that win the arms race are increasingly addictive." Dr.Leventhal adds， "They pull people into 'digital addiction' and expose consumers to unhealthy content."
Though not an official diagnosis（诊断）， "brain rot" can cause cognitive and emotional problems. "Too much screen time can negatively affect attention，concentration，learning，memory，emotional regulation，and social functioning，" Dr.Manwell says. "Brain rot" occurs as screen time replaces activities beneficial to the brain，such as exercise and socializing.Passive，rapid scrolling while multitasking or trying to work or study at the same time also contributes，resulting in divided and reduced attentional resources and leading to poorer learning and memory capabilities.Manwell says， "There are often also corresponding effects on the brain such as reduced gray matter and white matter，leading to damaged processing capacity and efficiency."
To fight against "brain rot"，changes can be made.Manwell suggests altering digital media habits，like taking screen breaks and limiting certain apps.There are apps to track screen time and enforce digital detox.For long﹣term improvement，Manwell recommends replacing screen time with activities like meditation，exercise，and learning new skills.If screen use is work﹣related，find alternatives like printing materials or having in﹣person meetings.When on a screen，focus merely on the task to decline multitasking's negative effects.Overall，being aware and making lifestyle adjustments can help prevent and reverse（逆转）the impact of "brain rot".
（1）According to the text，what do we know about "brain rot" ？ 　 　
A.A kind of serious disease officially diagnosed by doctors.
B.The loss of cognitive abilities caused by using digital platforms.
C.The negative impact of overusing digital devices on physical health.
D.The decline of mental well﹣being due to overconsuming online materials.
（2）What can we infer from Adam Leventhal's words？ 　 　
A.The competition among digital contents and platforms is fierce.
B.Digital platforms are developed to help people improve their mental health.
C.The digital content that wins the attention competition is usually less addictive.
D.The development of digital content and platforms leads to some negative effects.
（3）What does the underlined phrase "digital detox" in paragraph 4 mean？ 　 　
A.Using digital devices frequently.
B.Taking a break from digital devices.
C.Giving up using digital technologies.
D.Replacing with advanced digital products.
（4）What is the main theme of the text？ 　 　
A.The harms and solutions of "brain rot".
B.The effect of addictive digital platforms.
C.The importance of socializing in daily life.
D.The impact of "brain rot" on digital device.
15．（2025 南通二模） Alfred Hitchcock is easily one of the most influential film directors of all time.He was known throughout his life as a brilliant but bad﹣tempered man.He pioneered many techniques in the suspense（悬疑）and thriller genres （流派）.He developed a style all of his own，which has defined entire genres of film and inspired other hugely successful films.
Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in London，the son of a greengrocer.He often described his childhood as being very lonely and sheltered，a situation worsened by his obesity.He once said that he was sent by his father to the local police station with a note asking the officer to lock him away for 10 minutes as punishment for behaving badly.He also remarked that his mother would force him to stand for several hours as punishment.This idea of being harshly treated or wrongfully accused would later be reflected in Hitchcock's films.
In 1920，Hitchcock entered the film industry.Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career within six decades.In Hitchcock's movies，viewers are made to identify with the camera which moves in a way meant to imitate a person's gaze and which forces viewers to engage in a form of prying（窥探）.He carefully designed shots to influence the feelings of the audience and maximize anxiety，fear，or empathy，and used innovative film editing to demonstrate the point of view of the characters.Many of Hitchcock's films have twist endings and thrilling plots.
Hitchcock compared himself as the operator of a switchback railway—an early form of rollercoaster—knowing how far to push his audience to thrill them but not going so far as to make it unpleasant."I am，in some respects，the man who says，in constructing it，'how steep can we make the first dip（下落）？'，and 'this will make them scream'，" he said."If you make the dip too deep，the screams will continue as the whole car goes over the edge and destroys everyone.Therefore，you mustn't go too far，because you do want them to get off the switchback railway giggling（咯咯地笑）with pleasure."
（1）How do Hitchcock's childhood experiences influence his films？ 　 　
A.His films advocate child punishment.
B.His films criticize some violent events.
C.His films involve frightening moments.
D.His films center around family business.
（2）What can we infer from Hitchcock's movies？ 　 　
A.They make viewers immersed in vivid scenes.
B.They depend on cameras to imitate audience.
C.They have light﹣hearted plots for the most part.
D.They maximize the feelings of the characters.
（3）Which of the following best describes Alfred Hitchcock？ 　 　
A.Professional and creative.
B.Considerate and cautious.
C.Self﹣disciplined but rude.
D.Brilliant but short﹣sighted.
（4）Why does the author mention the rollercoaster in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.To prove Hitchcock's love for amusement parks.
B.To illustrate Hitchcock's approach to directing films.
C.To emphasize Hitchcock's preference for action films.
D.To show the great challenge of operating a rollercoaster.
16．（2025 岳阳模拟） Ask any marathon runner a week before their race what they are doing，and they'll almost certainly be refreshing the weather app on their phone.That's because it can be disastrous if their hard﹣eared performance is affected by uncontrollable factors like the weather.Now，these athletes might have another factor to worry about：air quality.
A new study published in Sports Medicine last December found a correlation between air pollution and slower marathon finishing times.The results suggest that even modest amounts of air pollution can impact athletic performance.Fine particulate matter（PM2.5）in particular has long been linked to various health issues，including cancer，cardiovascular disease，and lung conditions.Previous research has shown that exercising during times of poor air quality is harmful to health，but little is known about the effects this type of air pollution can have on performance in endurance events such as marathons，which require athletes to be outside exercising and breathing heavily for hours at a time.
To better understand this，researchers used a machine﹣learning model to estimate how much fine particulate matter was in the air at every mile marker on the course of nine marathons located across the U.S.between 2003 and 2019.Using this model﹣rather than relying on monitoring stations，which can often be miles away from a marathon course﹣allowed the researchers to more precisely estimate what the air quality was like throughout each course.They then compared these data with corresponding finishing times for the marathon events from more than 1.5 million finish times for male runners and slightly more than a million finish times for female runners，adjusting for other weather factors that could influence times，such as high heat or high humidity.
The results showed that an increase of just one microgram per cubic meter in PM 2.5 levels correlated with a 32﹣second﹣slower finishing time for male marathoners and a 25﹣second﹣slower finishing time for female ones.Elvira Fleury，lead author of the study，says that marathoners should think of air pollution in a similar way to other weather conditions，such as heat and humidity，on race day.A fundamental next step for research，Fleury says，would be to understand what is going on in the body to cause worse performances.
（1）What is the purpose of mentioning marathon runners in para.1？ 　 　
A.To show the importance of weather.
B.To introduce air quality as a concern.
C.To emphasize preparations for marathons.
D.To describe routines of marathon runners.
（2）What does the new study focus on？ 　 　
A.Accurate measurement of air quality.
B.Health risks of air pollution for runners.
C.Link between weather and athletic performance.
D.Effect of air pollution on marathoners' performance.
（3）What led to the findings of the study？ 　 　
A.Precise data comparison.
B.Weather factor adjustments.
C.Machine﹣learning estimates.
D.Data from monitoring stations.
（4）What does Fleury suggest for future research？ 　 　
A.Considering air quality and weather equally.
B.Developing effective corresponding strategies.
C.Investigating individual sensitivity differences.
D.Exploring internal changes causing slower speed.
17．（2025 吉林二模） "Is there a wife in a wife cake？" asked He Lixi，a local Cantonese.
"There is no actual wife in a wife cake，as it is just a traditional Hong Kong pastry （酥皮糕点），" answered Sensechat，a ChatGPT﹣like product，in fluent Cantonese.
He was impressed.Sensechat was the first artificial intelligence tool he had encountered that had a profound understanding of Cantonese language and culture.Many large language models （LLMs） from the mainland can't recognize Cantonese accurately.Some Western﹣developed AI software can listen to Cantonese，but cannot speak it well.
Created by a Hong Kong company，Sensechat is the world's first Cantonese LLM.Cantonese pronunciation uses lots of modal particles （语气助词），which usually go unnoticed by most AI tools，but Sensechat handles them effectively.Sensechat also handles written form of Cantonese.
Training an LLM takes efforts，said Cao Jianrong，the chair professor at the Department of Computing at Hong Kong Polytechnic University.It involves pre﹣training using extensive data，followed by fine﹣tuning （微调） with high﹣quality data.Later，more focused human input is needed to adjust the output of the LLM with local culture，ethics，morals，laws and other rules.
However，Cantonese web resources are limited in both quantity and quality.Most texts come from online forums and social media，and often contain low﹣quality language.Collecting clear speech data is also difficult，as many videos have background noise.
Despite the challenges，there's a growing need for Cantonese﹣speaking AI.Nearly 120 million people worldwide speak the language，and 85.2 million are native Cantonese speakers.Without Cantonese AI tools，this population might face challenges using new technology in the future.
That's why local tech companies like Sensechat are stepping up to create these tools.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government is also working with local universities to create Cantonese LLMs.
（1）What can be learnt about Sensechat？ 　 　
A.It's the first AI tool in Hong Kong.
B.It has an insight into Cantonese culture.
C.It focuses only on spoken Cantonese.
D.It's designed to promote Cantonese food.
（2）What challenge does the training of Sensechat meet？ 　 　
A.A lack of data.
B.Complex moral rules.
C.Limited audience.
D.Unclear training process.
（3）Why is developing Cantonese﹣speaking AI important？ 　 　
A.To explore the future of LLMs.
B.To expand the Cantonese AI market.
C.To promote the Cantonese culture.
D.To meet the need of the Cantonese.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.An impressive breakthrough in AI research.
B.A growing demand for AI language tools.
C.An innovative AI tool for Cantonese language.
D.A challenging case of Cantonese LLM training.
18．（2025 岳麓区校级模拟） Two thousand years ago，lemurs—an animal like a monkey，and giant "elephant birds" wandered through Madagascar.A thousand years later，they were nearly gone.Now，a new study has figured out the mystery of their annihilation.
The new study traced back to 2007 when Jean﹣Aimé Rakotoarisoa and a group of researchers created the Madagascar Genetic and Ethnolinguistic project to study the long﹣debated question of the ancestry of the Malagasy，the island's major native ethnic group.Though Madagascar is located about 425 kilometers off the east coast of Africa，the Malagasy language is similar to the Austronesian languages spoken 7，000 kilometers across the Indian Ocean.There's long been a question about when and how people came to Madagascar，and how they influenced the large﹣bodied animals，including giant lemurs，elephant birds and turtles.
Between 2007 and 2014 the team traveled to 257 villages around the island.They collected saliva（唾液） samples and musical，linguistic，and other social science data.In the new study，the scientists genetically analyzed the saliva and used a computer program to model Malagasy ancestry and estimate how it changed over generations.
They found the modern Malagasy population is descended from a small ancestral Asian population.By 1，000 years ago，this small group had made it to the island.Other studies have found that at the same time，the population of Madagascar exploded and that the lifestyle of the people changed as well.Before，humans had lived alongside animals and hunted in small groups.Then，they built large settlements，planted rice，and grazed cattle in the field，archaeological evidence shows.The researchers believe the population growth and these changes，paired with a hotter and drier climate，likely led to the disappearance of the giant creatures.The researchers agree the timing lines up，give or take 100 years，but they believe the changing climate played less of a role.
Understanding humans' role in the Madagascar extinction is urgent today，especially as modern giants such as elephants and rhinoceroses are threatened.We need to know what causes major changes，so we can save ourselves from a potentially terrible future.
（1）What does the underlined word "annihilation" in paragraph 1 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Extinction.
B.Conservation.
C.Expansion.
D.Reservation.
（2）Why did Jean﹣Aimé Rakotoarisoa start a project in 2007？ 　 　
A.To document the linguistic diversity of Madagascar.
B.To investigate the evolutionary history of lemurs.
C.To explore the origins and influence of the Malagasy people.
D.To promote wildlife conservation among local communities.
（3）Which of the following may greatly affect the survival of giant creatures in Madagascar？ 　 　
A.Changes in the climate of the island.
B.The explosion of local people and their activities.
C.The conflict between Asian people and the Madagascans.
D.Hunting practices of humans living alongside the animals.
（4）What can be implied from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.It's never too late to learn.
B.Rome is not built in one day.
C.Man shall prepare for the worst.
D.History should be taken as a mirror.
19．（2025 宽城区校级模拟） Teaching mathematics poses a challenge in creating homework，as historical questions like "was Henry VIII a good king？" are reasonable to ask either a classroom of nine﹣year﹣olds or a lecture theatre of postgraduates，whereas math problems like "solve this quadratic equation （二次方程）" would leave the classroom confused and the lecture theatre unimpressed.Thinking up a problem that is easy enough to be accessible，yet hard enough to be satisfying，is a tricky problem itself.
Partly for this reason，books that explain how mathematicians think to those outside the math community are rare and precious.Now Sir David Spiegelhalter，emeritus （荣誉退休的）professor of statistics at the University of Cambridge，will draw a wider readership with his new book "The Art of Uncertainty"，for its topic is universal：how to analyse probability，ignorance and risk.
The previous pandemic has reminded us that such analysis is critical.The book explains that it doesn't mean the vaccination（疫苗接种） program is harmful if a new virus spreads and in turn，most deaths occur among those who have received a new vaccine.The book also delves into some lighter topics，including the extent to which top football teams' performance comes down to luck rather than skill.
Professor Spiegelhalter's exploration of such subjects is delightful for three reasons.First，he uses them to illustrate broader ideas about how probability and statistics work.So a discussion of vaccine safety proceeds to Bayes's principle，which is essential for various fields.Secondly，the author raises fascinating philosophical questions about the meaning of probability.He argues that uncertainty is a subjective relationship between observer and observed rather than a fundamental quantity，which serves as a corrective for those who view maths as a black﹣and﹣white subject.The most important reason，though，is Professor Spiegelhalter's skill at communicating these complex ideas of probability and statistics，which makes it accessible to readers.For that reason alone，it is a success—and，no doubt，a guiding light for the author's successors.
（1）Why are the two types of questions mentioned in the first paragraph？ 　 　
A.To highlight the difficulty in creating math homework.
B.To demonstrate that history is more universally appealing.
C.To lay emphasis on the complexity of quadratic equations.
D.To compare teaching effective methods in history and math.
（2）What do we know about Sir David Spiegelhalter's book？ 　 　
A.It is intended for math professionals.
B.It clarifies top teams probably win by luck.
C.It claims a new virus harms the vaccination program.
D.It gains more readers for the exploration of universal topics.
（3）What is most crucial for the book's positive feedback？ 　 　
A.Explaining Bayes's principle.
B.Conveying complex ideas effectively.
C.Correcting some philosophical misconceptions.
D.Analyzing the relationship between probability and statistics.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the book？ 　 　
A.Critical.
B.Mixed.
C.Appreciative.
D.Doubtful.
20．（2025 南通二模） In a world where the news frequently warns of approaching fresh water scarcity，a group of forward﹣thinking researchers are looking to the skies to find a solution.Dr.Michael Tam，a distinguished professor at the University of Waterloo，along with his brilliant students，Yi Wang and Weinan Zhao，is diving deep into nature's playbook.
"Water is efficiently captured by the web.The spider doesn't need to go to the river to drink，as it traps moisture （水分）from the air，" Dr.Tam said.This revelation led to the exploration of how such natural phenomena could be replicated（复制）to address the global challenge of fresh water scarcity.
Furthermore，the Namib Desert beetle showcases another masterclass in nature's engineering.Despite living in one of the dry environments on the Earth，these beetles manage to obtain water from thin air.A textured body surface that captures water droplets from fog when they face into the wind.The collected moisture then accumulates and drips right into their mouths.
Tapping into the lessons offered by these natural wonders，Dr.Tam and his team are working one particularly promising technology termed "atmospheric water harvesting."To replicate the beetle's water﹣gathering method，Tam's team is developing a special surface that attracts small water droplets and quickly releases bigger ones.
But that's not all.Dr Tam's commitment to sustainability shines through in his choice of materials.Using zero﹣carbon materials，like plant﹣based substances，his team has developed an energy﹣efficient surface that captures atmospheric moisture.
The team's innovations don't stop there.Drawing inspiration from unique mushroom structures，they've designed smart structural systems for solar evaporation（蒸发）.These systems effectively use solar energy，absorbing water and transforming it into fresh，collectible steam.
The potential impact of these fresh water generation systems is enormous.Not only are they cost﹣effective and energy﹣efficient，but they also represent the essence of environmental friendliness.
In a world increasingly bothered by water scarcity，the work of Dr.Tam and his team offers a ray of hope.By looking to nature's wonderful solutions，we're reminded that sometimes，the answers to our most pressing challenges have been right in front of us all along.
（1）Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word "revelation" in paragraph 2？　 　
A.Challenge.
B.Discovery.
C.Curiosity.
D.Definition.
（2）Why can the Namib Desert beetles harvest water in deserts？　 　
A.Because of their unique body structure.
B.Because of their skills of weaving webs.
C.Because of complex weather conditions.
D.Because of their organ for storing water.
（3）On what basis do the team conduct their innovative work？　 　
A.How materials are chosen.
C.How solar energy is used.
B.How nature repairs itself.
D.How nature captures water.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the solutions to water scarcity？　 　
A.Doubtful.
B.Cautious.
C.Dismissive.
D.Confident.
高考英语考前冲刺押题预测 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 青羊区校级模拟） Some talk of building settlements on the moon or mars to help make sure humanity survives long into the future.Others have their sights set closer to home：on future cities under the ocean.
"Technologically speaking，it is absolutely possible to colonize the bottom of the sea，" says Fabien Cousteau，a well﹣known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world's only functioning undersea habitat，Aquarius.It's about the size of a school bus and located 62 feet below the ocean surface off the Florida Keys.
Just as astronauts test what it would be like to live in space，aquanauts try out undersea living with an eye on the future.Escaping from disasters such as climate change，wars，or pandemics is one reason to live under the sea.Others include studying，exploring，or appreciating the ocean.It's costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must pump in or make its own air，electricity，and fresh water.Inhabitants have to deal with high pressure.And infections can develop rapidly due to high humidity.
Despite the challenges，several new ocean habitats and cities are under construction.A series of space station﹣like undersea living quarters for aquanauts called Proteus are scheduled to be completed by 2025 off Curacao，an island north of Venezuela in South America.An undersea colony called Ven Base Alpha will be built near a hydrothermal vent，which would supply it with energy.Meanwhile，an undersea city called Ocean Spiral in Japan would link its surface to the deep sea，using the difference in pressure to generate energy and produce fresh water.This sounds amazing，but it would be extremely expensive and remains just a design.
Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea.This type of development could place even more strain on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change.It's important to make sure that any construction is done carefully，says Susanne Menden﹣Deuer，an oceanographer at the University of Rhode Island.Wild undersea habitats should be treated as "the precious，irreplaceable resource that they are，" she says.
（1）What do we know about Aquarius？ 　C　
A.It is still under construction.
B.It functions as an undersea school bus.
C.It is the only ocean habitat in operation.
D.It only allows a person to live there for 31 days.
（2）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ 　B　
A.The present and future of living under the sea.
B.The reasons and challenges of living under the sea.
C.The purpose and cost of building undersea settlements.
D.The probl

展开更多......

收起↑