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Unit 9 Human Biology 学案（含答案）—北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册高二英语下学期期末四步复习法
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to human biology, such as terms for body systems (e.g., circulatory system, nervous system), physiological processes, and medical concepts.
能力目标 Improve students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.
情感目标 Cultivate an interest in human biology and a curiosity about the mysteries of the human body, inspiring students to pursue further exploration in the field of biology. Foster a sense of responsibility for personal and public health, helping students understand the importance of applying biological knowledge to maintain well-being.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
短语动词
1. 短语动词(Phrasal Verbs)是由两三个单词组成的动词，可以是及物的(带宾语)，也可以是不及物的（不带宾语）。
She showed up late for the meeting.
她开会迟到了。
They set up a tent in the backyard.
他们在后院搭起了帐篷。
2. 短语动词比较复杂，很多短语形式相似意思却不同。
take down, take over, take on
Please take down my phone number.
请记下我的电话号码。
The new manager will take over next week.
新经理下周接任。
She decided to take on more responsibilities.
她决定承担更多责任。
3.有的短语动词中间可以插入名词，有的则不能。
(1)可拆分的短语动词。
I’ll turn up the music. → I’ll turn the music up.
我会把音乐音量调大。
(2)不可拆分的短语动词。
We look forward to your reply.
我们期待你的回复。
4. 构成
(1) 动词+介词
The police are looking into the case.
警方正在调查这个案件。
He applied for a job at the local hospital.
他申请了当地医院的一份工作。
(2) 动词+副词
She quickly packed up her belongings and left.
她迅速收拾好行李离开了。
I accidentally knocked over the coffee cup.
我不小心打翻了咖啡杯。
(3) 动词+名词/代词+介词
He reminded me of the important meeting tomorrow.
他提醒我明天有重要会议。
We should take advantage of the sunny weather to go hiking.
我们应该利用好天气去徒步。
(4) 动词+副词+介词
She tried to break away from the bad habit of procrastination.
她试图改掉拖延的坏习惯。
It's time to face up to your responsibilities.
是时候勇敢面对你的责任了。
练习：
1.Chinese medicine has some certain effects on the ______ (prevent) and control of the disease.
2.With money running ______, he couldn't afford the round-trip tickets.
3.By the time he was twelve, Edison ______ (begin) to make a living by himself.
4.To get ______ those hard times, you will need all the courage you can muster (鼓起).
5.Hardly ______ the limousine arrived when the wedding ceremony was announced to begin.
6.Negotiating (谈判) with sponsors was extremely tough sometimes as we needed to figure _____ what they wanted and trade with resources we had.
7.It was the first time that the children ______ (see) such a big watermelon.
8.In the match to come, you are likely to come ______ many powerful opponents.
9.She was forty. She ______ (write) the novel since she was thirty.
10.I need to sort ______ my thoughts thoroughly because I want to give them a perfect report.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2025年河北秦皇岛模拟】
Since President Richard Nixon’s ①_____ (history) 1972 visit to China, scientific collaboration between China and the US has increased, particularly in health and medicine. In early 1980, ②_____ US delegation visited China, which consisted ③_____ representatives from the country’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and directors of the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Health and Human Services. This effort, ④_____ (support) by Chinese government departments and academicians, quickly promoted joint programs on public health research. Over the next four decades, the relationship between Chinese and US health research institutions strengthened considerably.
Nongovernmental institutions have played an ⑤_____ (increase) important role in promoting health exchange and cooperation between China and the US. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, for instance, has partnered with a range of sectors in China ⑥_____ (address) global health challenges. Since 2015, it has worked with the Chinese Ministry of Commerce to support medical and agricultural development in African nations. In 2016, the foundation partnered with Tsinghua University and the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality to establish the Global Drug Discovery Institute, ⑦_____ promotes health initiatives in ⑧_____ (develop) countries.
Since 2017, the China-US Track Ⅱ Dialogue on Healthcare ⑨_____ (emerge) as a platform for bilateral health cooperation. Co-hosted by the National School of Development at Peking University and the National Committee on US-China Relations, this annual event ⑩_____ (facilitate) extensive discussion between health experts from both nations.
2. 【2024年河南周口模拟】
Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer to develop the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗), ①_____ protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer.
Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on ②_____ (obtain) a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University, ③_____ (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) ④_____ (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by HPV and it ⑤_____ (believe) that a vaccine against HPV might work. The vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune response to the virus, ⑥_____ causing an infection. This was a significant focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis ⑦_____ the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines.
⑧_____ (unfortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had ⑨_____ huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in ⑩_____ (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案：prevention
解析：句意为: 中药对这种疾病的预防和控制有一定的作用。设空处应用名词作介词on的宾语, prevent的名词形式为prevention, 意为“预防”。故填prevention。
2.答案：out
解析：句意为: 由于钱用光了,他买不起往返票。run out意为“用光;耗尽”, 为不及物动词短语。故填out。
3.答案：had begun
解析：句意为:爱迪生十二岁时就开始自己谋生了。“by the time+过去的时间”为过去完成时的时间标志词,故填had begun。
4.答案：through
解析：句意为: 为了熬过那些艰难的时刻, 你需要鼓起所有的勇气。 get through 意为“熬过 (困难时期)”。故填through。
5.答案：had
解析：句意为: 豪华轿车刚到, 婚礼仪式就宣布开始了。 hardly… when…是固定句型, 意为 “刚……就……”, 就主句用过去完成时, when引导的从句用一般过去时; hardly是否定副词, 位于句首,引起部分倒装, 因此主句用部分倒装, 即had应位于主句主语前面。故填had。
6.答案：out
解析：句意为:与赞助商谈判有时非常困难,因为我们需要弄清楚他们想要什么,并利用我们拥有的资源进行交易。figure out为固定搭配,意为“弄清楚;弄明白”。故填out。
7.答案：had seen
解析：句意为: 这是孩子们第一次看到这么大的西瓜。此处考查 this/that/it was the first time that sb had done sth 固定句型, 主句用一般过去时, 从句应用过去完成时。故填had seen。
8.答案：across
解析：句意为:在即将到来的比赛中,你可能会遇到很多强大的对手。come across为固定搭配,意为“遇见;碰见”。故填across。
9.答案：had been writing
解析：句意为: 她已经四十岁, 自三十岁起她就一直在写这部小说。分析句子并结合句意可知, 此处表示从过去某个时间开始一直在进行的动作, 再结合She was forty.可知,应用过去完成进行时。故填had been writing。
10.答案：out
解析：句意为:我需要仔细地整理我的思路,因为我想要交给他们一份完美的报告。sort out为固定搭配, 意为“理顺; 整理”。故填out。
四、
1. 答案：historic; a; of; supported; increasingly; to address; which; developing; has emerged; facilitates
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国和美国的科学合作，尤其是在卫生和医学方面。
①考查形容词。句意：自1972年理查德·尼克松总统对中国进行历史性访问以来，中美之间的科学合作有所增加，特别是在卫生和医学方面。根据President Richard Nixon’s和1972 visit to China可知，此处应用表示“具有历史意义的”的形容词historic，作定语，修饰名词visit。故填historic。
②考查冠词。句意：1980年初，由来自美国疾病预防控制中心的代表、美国国立卫生研究院和卫生与公众服务部的负责人组成的美国代表团访问了中国。此处delegation为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词表泛指。所连接的单词US发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
③考查介词。句意：同上。consist of...“由……组成”为固定搭配。故填of。
④考查过去分词。句意：这一努力在中国政府部门和学院的支持下，迅速推动了公共卫生研究的联合项目。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是promoted，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词support与其逻辑主语This effort之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填supported。
⑤考查副词。句意：民间机构在促进中美卫生交流与合作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。修饰形容词important应用副词increasingly作状语。故填increasingly。
⑥考查动词不定式。句意：例如，比尔及梅琳达 盖茨基金会（Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation）与中国的多个部门合作，共同应对全球卫生挑战。根据句意可知，address应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to address。
⑦考查定语从句。句意：2016年，该基金会与清华大学和北京市人民政府合作建立了全球药物发现研究所，以促进发展中国家的健康倡议。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Global Drug Discovery Institute，指代事物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
⑧考查形容词。句意：同上。该空作定语修饰名词countries应用形容词。根据常识和Tsinghua University and the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality可知，此处应用表示“发展中的”的形容词developing。故填developing。
⑨考查时态。句意：2017年起，中美卫生健康对话机制Ⅱ正式启动，成为促进两国卫生合作的平台。根据时间状语Since 2017可知，此处表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时。主谓一致，故填has emerged。
⑩考查时态。句意：这一年度活动由北京大学国家发展研究院和美中关系全国委员会共同主办，促进了两国卫生专家之间的广泛讨论。根据句意，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主谓一致，故填facilitates。
2. 答案：which; obtaining; completing; brought; is brought; without; of; Unfortunately; a; recognition
解析：本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了周健博士的生平和事迹，他是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，和伊恩·弗雷泽教授一起研发了宫颈癌疫苗。
①考查定语从句。句意：周健博士是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，他与伊恩·弗雷泽教授一起开发了Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的技术，这两种疫苗可以预防导致宫颈癌的病毒。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是vaccines，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词which。故填which。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：周博士出生于中国杭州，毕业于温州医学院，随后在浙江医科大学获得硕士学位。分析句子结构可知，此处用作动词短语went on的宾语，应使用动名词形式。故填obtaining。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：他在河南医科大学攻读博士学位，于1987年毕业。分析句子结构可知，此处表示结果状语，表示顺承的结果，需用现在分词。故填completing。
④考查时态。句意：周博士对人乳头瘤病毒的兴趣使他于1990年远赴澳大利亚加入昆士兰大学伊恩·弗雷泽教授的免疫学和癌症研究中心。分析句子结构可知，此处用作句子的谓语部分，根据时间状语in 1990可知，应使用一般过去时。故填brought。
⑤考查固定句型和时态语态。句意：几乎所有的宫颈癌都是由人乳头瘤病毒引起的，并且人们认为一种针对人乳头瘤病毒的疫苗可能有效。分析句子结构可知，此处是and连接的并列句的谓语部分，It是形式主语，that从句是真正主语，构成It is believed that+从句，表示“据认为”，此处应使用被动语态，根据前面的are可知，应使用一般现在时。故填is believed。
⑥考查介词。句意：该疫苗需要一种粒子，这种粒子可以刺激对病毒的免疫反应，而不会引起感染。分析句子结构可知，此处和后面的causing an infection构成介词短语用作句子的伴随状语，表示“不会，没有”，需用介词without。故填without。
⑦考查介词。句意：1990年，他与妻子合作，成功地制造出一种类似病毒的颗粒，这种颗粒现在是Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的基础。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少介词of构成固定短语the basis of，表示“……的基础”，故填of。
⑧考查副词。句意：不幸的是，周博士于1999年去世，享年42岁。分析句子结构可知，此处用作句子的状语，表示“不幸地”，需用副词unfortunately，位于句首首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。
⑨考查冠词。句意：他的工作对全球人类健康产生了巨大的影响。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少不定冠词a，构成固定短语have a huge impact on，表示“对……有巨大影响”，故填a。
⑩考查名词。句意：澳大利亚健康和医学科学院很高兴设立一个奖项来表彰周博士。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少不可数名词recognition构成固定短语in recognition of，表示“作为……的肯定，认可”。故填recognition。

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