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Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise 学案（含答案）—北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to conflict and compromise, such as “dispute,” “negotiation,” “mediation,” and phrases describing different conflict scenarios.
能力目标 Improve students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.
情感目标 Cultivate an objective and rational attitude towards conflicts, understanding that conflicts are a natural part of life and can be opportunities for growth. Foster qualities such as empathy, patience, and open-mindedness, encouraging students to consider different viewpoints when facing conflicts and actively seek compromises.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
it的用法
1. it用作人称代词
(1)指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事。
My sister bought a new laptop yesterday, and it works smoothly.
我姐姐昨天买了台新笔记本电脑，它运行很流畅。
(2)指代性别不明的child或baby。
The couple adopted a baby last year, and it brings them much joy.
这对夫妇去年收养了一个婴儿，孩子给他们带来很多快乐。
(3)指代未出场的身份不明确的人。
—Who knocked at the door just now ——刚才谁敲门？
—I’m not sure. It might be the delivery man. ——不确定，可能是快递员。
(4)替代前文中的this, that。
Is that your proposal Please send it to my email.
那是你的提案吗？请把它发到我邮箱。
(5)表示时间、天气、气候、季节、距离等自然现象，或指事物的状态。
It’s half past seven. 七点半了。
It is freezing today. 今天冷极了。
It is two kilometers from here to the park. 从这里到公园有两公里。
(6)用于某些句型。
It's time(for sb)to do sth. (某人)到时间该做某事了。
It is(high/about)time that sb did/should do sth. 到某人该做某事的时候了。
It/This/That is/was the first/second...time that... 这/那是(某人)第一/二……次……
It is/has been+时间段+since... 自……以来已经有多长时间了。
It’s time for us to leave. 我们该出发了。
It is high time that we started preparing. 我们早该开始准备了。
It is been three years since she moved to London. 她搬到伦敦已经三年了。
2. it用作形式主语
it用作形式主语，常代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句。
(1) 代替不定式(短语)
It’s challenging for him to learn three languages at once.
对他来说同时学三门语言很有挑战性。
(2) 代替动名词(短语)
常用于以下结构：
It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事没有用/ 没有好处/ 没有意思/ 没有用/ 浪费时间。
It’s a waste of time arguing with him. 和他争论是浪费时间。
(3)代替主语从句
It’s essential that we protect the environment. 我们必须保护环境。
It’s a shame that he missed the concert. 真遗憾他错过了这场音乐会。
(4)注意以下固定句型
It (so) happened that... 碰巧……
It turns out that... 结果是……
It occurred to sb that... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/believed/hoped/well-known/suggested...that...
据说/ 据报道/ 人们相信/ 人人都希望/ 众所周知/ 有人建议……
It happened that I was out when she called. 她打电话时我碰巧不在。
It turns out that he was telling the truth. 结果证明他说的是实话。
It occurred to me that I forgot to lock the door. 我突然想起忘记锁门了。
3. it用作形式宾语
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面，it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
(1) 动词+it+形容词/名词+(for/of sb+)to do/从句
They found it difficult to finish the project on schedule.
他们发现按时完成项目很困难。
(2) 动词+it +no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worth one's while...+doing...
She felt it useless trying to explain the situation.
她觉得解释情况没用。
(3) 动词+it+介词短语+ that...
owe it to...that... 把……归功于……
take it for granted that... 想当然/ 认为……是理所当然的
He took it for granted that everyone would agree with him.
他想当然地认为大家都会同意他。
She owes it to her parents that she achieved so much.
她把自己的成就归功于父母。
(4) 动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike 后面接if 或when引导的从句作宾语时，中间需用形式宾语it，构成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike + it + if/when从句”结构。
We would appreciate it if you could confirm the booking soon.
如果你能尽快确认预订，我们将不胜感激。
练习：
1.The path becomes very ______ (mud) on rainy days and makes it difficult for people to go in or go out.
2.Millions of people will face starvation next year ______ a result of the severe drought.
3.I want to make ______ clear that I will be always on your side.
4.I told him how ______ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
5.In those days there were no televisions, few automobiles or other things that many today would find ______ hard to live without.
6.______ is widely acknowledged that computers and other machines have become a vital part of our society.
7.You owe ______ to yourself to get over the anger and bitterness and find peace in life.
8.______ has been identified that these measures we took have played a big role in the project.
9.In the long run, enough financial investment in education is ______ (benefit) to the all-round development of the whole nation.
10.Her simple explanation has played an important part in making ______ easier for foreigners to understand Chinese culture.
四、核心素养对接高考
1.
The Second World War, lasting until 1945, consisted of many important battles, ①______ which Operation Overlord, also known as the D-Day landings, was the most impressive one.
After the war started, Germany attacked many European countries, France ②______ (include). To attack Germany, Allied troops from the United States, Britain and Canada took part in the Operation Overlord. They made an attempt ③______ (land) on the beaches of Normandy in France.
The operation was ④______ (extreme) dangerous. Many soldiers were killed ⑤______ they had the chance to get off the boats. The situation was so terrible that the commanders even considered giving up. But finally the operation ended as a story of bravery and acts of ⑥______ (hero).
On June 6, 2004, survivors of the D-Day landings from many different countries returned ⑦______ France to remember their lost comrades. Many of them went to the cemetery and memorial ⑧______ (lie) on a cliff. This cliff overlooks the beach and ⑨______ English Channel.
On the memorial, there is part of a poem called “For the Fallen”. The poem ⑩______ (write) by an English poet Laurence Binyon and was first published in 1914.
2.
The neighbourhood conflict is ①______ (definite) a common topic in our daily life. Ma Ming, a single drummer, was forced to move out of his rented flat owing to the fact②______ he was always making too much noise in deep nights. Besides, it was assumed that ③______ (expose) to such noise had a bad influence on the teenagers in the community. ④______ (drive) mad by the noise, the neighbours turned to the community council for help, which gave Ma Ming a warning and forced him to leave as soon as possible. Ma Ming’s ⑤______ (depart) was really good news for his neighbours.
James McKay was struggling against the similar annoyance. Smith, a young man who is keen on gardening and fish collecting, lived above the McKays. ⑥______, the water he sent over his balcony ended up falling onto his neighbour’s downstairs too often. It is not only the water ⑦______ (it) but the way he cleaned his fish tanks that upset McKay the most. One ⑧______ (please) night, the old couple ⑨______ (enjoy) their birthday cake when a large tank of water with the smell of fish dropped downstairs. McKay was up there in an instant and hit Smith on ⑩______ head, causing the old man to spend his birthday in the jail. But McKay felt rather good about such an unforgettable birthday.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案：muddy
解析：句意为: 这条路在雨天变得很泥泞, 使人们很难进出。设空处作连系动词becomes的表语, 其前有very修饰,应用形容词。故填muddy。
2.答案：as
解析：句意为: 由于严重旱灾,明年将有数百万人面临饥饿。as a result of为固定短语,意为“由于”。故填as。
3.答案：it
解析：句意为:我想让你清楚一点:我会一直站在你这边。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,设空处作形式宾语,clear作宾补,后面that从句为真正的宾语。故填it。
4.答案：harmful
解析：句意为: 我告诉他塑料对环境的危害有多大, 并让他考虑一下更加环保的选择。分析句子结构可知, told的直接宾语为一个从句, 该从句为感叹句(how +adj.+主语+系动词+其他),故设空处应用形容词。故填harmful。
5.答案：it
解析：句意为:那时候没有电视机,几乎没有汽车,也没有其他今天许多人认为不可或缺的东西。此处为“find it + adj.+(for sb) to do sth”结构,it是形式宾语,不定式短语为真正的宾语。故填it。
6.答案：It
解析：句意为:普遍认为,电脑和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。故填It。
7.答案：it
解析：考查形式宾语。句意:你应该为自己克服愤怒和痛苦,找到生活的平静。“owe it to sb. to do sth.”是固定结构,意为“应该为某人做某事”,其中it是形式宾语,to do sth.是真正的宾语。故填it。
8.答案：It
解析：考查it作形式主语。句意:已经确定,我们采取的这些措施在该项目中发挥了很大作用。分析句子结构可知, that引导主语从句,空处为形式主语,故填It。
9.答案：beneficial
解析：句意为:长远来看,教育财政投入充足对整个国家的全面发展是有益处的。设空处为形容词作表语。be beneficial to为固定表达, 意为“对……有益的”。故填beneficial。
10.答案：it
解析：考查形式宾语。句意:她的简单解释在让外国人更容易理解中国文化方面起到了重要作用。分析句子结构可知, “making ______easier for foreigners to understand Chinese culture”为"make +宾语+宾补"结构且作宾语的不定式被移到了宾补后面,故空处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。
四、
1. 答案：of/among; included; to land; extremely; before; heroism; to; lying; the; was written
解析：①句意为:第二次世界大战持续到1945年,包括许多重要的战役, 其中“霸王行动”, 也叫作诺曼底登陆, 是最令人印象深刻的一次。根据句意可知, 此处表示“在……当中”,应用介词of或among。故填of/among。
②句意为:战争开始后, 德国袭击了包括法国在内的许多欧洲国家。分析句子结构可知,设空处位于被修饰词后作定语,应用included,意为“包括在内的”。故填included。
③句意为:他们试图在法国诺曼底海滩登陆。an attempt to do sth意为“试图做某事”, 为固定搭配。故填to land。
④句意为: 这次行动极其危险。设空处修饰形容词dangerous,应用副词。故填extremely。
⑤句意为:许多士兵还没来得及下船就被杀了。根据上下文语境可知,士兵应该是在下船之前被杀, 应用before引导时间状语从句。故填before。
⑥句意为: 但最终, 这次行动以一个英勇无畏的故事和英雄行为而告终。分析句子结构可知, 此处与空前的a story of bravery并列, 表示“富有英雄精神的行动”, 应用名词heroism, heroism 为不可数名词,故填heroism。
⑦句意为:2004年6月6日, 诺曼底登陆的幸存者从许多不同的国家返回法国,纪念他们失去的战友。return to意为“返回”,为固定搭配。故填to。
⑧句意为:他们中的许多人去了位于悬崖上的墓地和纪念碑。分析句子结构可知, 此处修饰the cemetery and memorial,作定语, 设空处应用非谓语动词, lie与其逻辑主语the cemetery and memorial之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填lying。
⑨句意为: 这座悬崖俯瞰着海滩和英吉利海峡。English Channel为专有名词,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
⑩句意为: 这首诗由英国诗人劳伦斯·比尼恩创作,并于1914年首次发表。分析句子结构可知,设空处与was published并列作句子的谓语,poem与动词write之间为被动关系,应用被动语态; 主语poem为单数,谓语应用第三人称单数形式;此处讲述发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was written。
2. 答案：definitely; that; being exposed/exposure; Driven; departure; However; itself; pleasant; was/were enjoying; the
解析：①设空处为副词作状语, 修饰整个句子。故填definitely。
②空前有名词fact,空后内容不缺成分, 设空处引导同位语从句, 解释说明抽象名词fact的内容, 应用连接词that。故填that。
③be exposed to sth为固定短语,意为“暴露于/接触某物”。分析句子结构可知, 设空处作主语从句的主语, 应用动名词, 也可直接用名词exposure, exposure to sth意为“暴露于某物; 接触某物”。故填being exposed/ exposure。
④分析句子结构可知, 设空处为非谓语动词作原因状语,且drive和主句主语the neighbours之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用其过去分词形式。故填Driven。
⑤分析句子结构可知, 设空处被名词所有格修饰,作主语,应填写其名词形式,表示“离开”。故填departure。
⑥根据语境可知,上下文之间为转折关系, 再根据空后的逗号可知,此处应使用副词however,且设空处位于句首。故填However。
⑦分析句子结构可知, 设空处作water的同位语, 意为“本身”, 表强调,应用反身代词。故填itself。
⑧设空处为形容词作定语, 修饰名词night, 表示其特征,意为“令人愉快的”。故填pleasant。
⑨when 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句应用过去进行时, 表示“正在……时, 突然……”; the old couple作主句的主语, 主句的谓语动词用单数或复数均可。故填was/were enjoying 。
⑩此处为“hit sb on/in the+表示身体部位的名词”结构,表示“击打某人的……部位”。故填the。

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