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Unit 4 Everyday economics 学案（含答案）—外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to travel, business, and financial management. Understand and master the key usages of the definite clause.
能力目标 Improve students’ comprehensive language skills including listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
情感目标 Develop a positive attitude towards exploration and career planning. Cultivate students’ qualities like rationality and self-management.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
定语从句
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1．引导定语从句的有关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as)、关系副词(where，when，why)和介词＋关系代词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
2．定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
3．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。该从句与主句的关系十分密切，和先行词之间没有逗号分开，作宾语的关系代词通常可以省略。
4．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。该从句与主句的关系不是很密切，和先行词之间有逗号分开；不能用why引导，一般不用that引导；关系代/副词均不可省略。
5．定语从句的先行词可以是一个词、几个词或整个句子。
(一)关系代词的用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(可省略)、表语、状语(可省略)
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语
1.关系代词通常用that的情况：
(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时
Is there anything that needs urgent attention
(2)先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only，the very，the last等修饰时
This is the best movie that I've watched this year.
(3)先行词既有人又有物时
The professor and his research that you mentioned are quite remarkable.
(4)定语从句出现在which或who开头的特殊疑问句中时
Who is the girl that you talked to just now
(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用了which时
They opened a new store, which sells products that are eco-friendly.
(6)先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Beijing is not the city that it was ten years ago.
(7)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时
There is a book on the shelf that belongs to me.
(8)先行词为the way ，关系代词在从句中作状语时
I like the way that he solves problems.
2．关系代词只用which的情况：
(1)引导非限制性定语从句
She won the competition, which made her family very proud.
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前
This is the room in which we held the meeting.
(二)关系副词的用法
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。
We are in a situation where cooperation is essential.
(三)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中
无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等
意为“这一点” 意为“正如……，正像……的那样”
He didn't attend the meeting, which surprised everyone.
As we all know, he is a hardworking student.
二、“(名词/代词/形容词最高级＋)介词＋关系代词(＋名词)”引导的定语从句
1．介词后的关系代词只用which或whom。
2．介词的选用受到三个方面的制约：
(1)介词与先行词的搭配习惯
(2)介词是从句中谓语的组成部分
(3)句子意思表达的需要
3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”可用“whose＋名词”替换
4．“形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句。另外，“数词/some，many，most，each等不定代词＋of＋关系代词 ”也可以引导定语从句。
5．有时为了表达清楚，用“介词＋关系副词”引导定语从句。
6．“ 介词＋关系代词＋名词 ”引导定语从句，是句子意思表达的需要。
（as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；such(pron.)＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。）
练习：
1.The supplies ______ were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
2.I have a good collection of books, from ______ I benefit a lot.
3.The man ______ is standing over there is my English teacher.
4.______ is mentioned above, peanuts are fit to grow in sand fields.
5.The project, ______ which the team attaches significant value and sees as a key foundation for future development, is expected to succeed.
6.The only thing ______ matters is that safety should be given the highest priority.
7.The building, ______ the important conference is being held, is in the center of the city.
8.The days are gone ______ Chinese people were looked down upon.
9.Participants, most of ______ are middle school students, will meet at the Olympic forest park.
10.We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2024年浙江真题】
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ①_____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ②_____ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ③_____ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ④_____ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ⑤_____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ⑥_____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ⑦_____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ⑧_____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ⑨_____ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ⑩_____ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
2. 【2025年浙江台州模拟】
For so many years, our world has operated in a set cycle: work, earn money, spend it, and repeat. In the process, ①_____ accumulation of unnecessary items will quickly lose their appeal and end up gathering dust. However, a powerful shift towards sustainability is now underway. The sharing economy, all about bonding people and resources, ②_____ (become) very popular in Europe during the past decades.
In Germany, ③_____ (drive) by the country’s strong environmental consciousness and commitment to sustainability, the sharing economy has been embraced, giving rise to numerous platforms and services. For example, some popular car-platforms like Drivy showcase the ④_____ (market) potential for collaborative and waste-reducing innovations.
And this is not just limited to businesses; it places greater emphasis ⑤_____ ordinary individuals and communities. People are increasingly using thrift stores, donation stations and digital platforms ⑥_____ (exchange) their unwanted items for free.
One such platform is GoHardcover, which revolutionizes book sharing by allowing readers to easily lend and borrow books, thus ⑦_____ (form) a sustainable sharing cycle that reduces waste and carbon emissions. Users can create virtual ⑧_____ (bookshelf) to share their collections and explore other books from fellow readers, ⑨_____ makes literature more accessible and fosters a growing number of book lovers.
The sharing economy is creating a more sustainable, resource-efficient and connected future, where more individual participation will pave the way for a ⑩_____ (bright) future.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词The supplies，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
2.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我有大量的藏书，我从中受益良多。这里是一个定语从句，先行词是books，在从句中作from的宾语，关系代词要用which，from which 引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。故填which。
3.答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意:站在那边的那个人是我的英语老师。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词The man，指人，在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词who/that导。故填who/that。
4.答案：As
解析：题意:正如上面提到的,花生适合在沙地上生长。解析:分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,位于句首,在主句前,修饰主句,空处在从句中作主语,表示"正如",故填As。
5.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:该项目被团队视为重要的价值,并被视为未来发展的关键基础,预计将取得成功。attach significant value to“重视”,固定短语,故此处使用“to which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰project,故填to。
6.答案：that
解析：此句为定语从句，先行词是“thing”，且被“the only”修饰。在定语从句中，当先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 等词修饰时，关系代词通常用 that，不用 which。此句中 “that matters” 作定语修饰 “the only thing”，故填 that 。
7.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：正在举行重要会议的那座大楼在市中心。先行词是The building，在从句中作地点状语，即“the important conference is being held in the building”，所以要用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
8.答案：when
解析：这是一个分隔式定语从句，先行词是 “The days”，在从句 “Chinese people were looked down upon” 中作时间状语，即 “在中国人民被看不起的那些日子”，所以用关系副词 when 来引导定语从句。正常语序应该是 “The days when Chinese people were looked down upon are gone”，这里为了强调 “are gone”，将其提前，形成了分隔式定语从句。故填when。
9.答案：whom
解析：这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “Participants”（参与者），指人，且在从句中作介词 “of” 的宾语，故填 whom。
10.答案：when
解析：考查连词，先行词是age，在定语从句中做时间状语，结合句意，我们生活的这个时代比以往任何时候都能更轻松地获得更多的信息:故填when。
四、
1. 答案：to benefit; or; that/which; what; criticism; be offered; have started; designed; the; ones
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
①考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
②考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
③考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
④考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
⑤考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
⑥考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
⑦考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
⑧考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
⑨考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
⑩考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
2. 答案：an; has become; driven; market’s; on/upon; to exchange; forming; bookshelves; which; brighter
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了共享经济在欧洲的兴起及其影响。
①考查冠词。句意：在这个过程中，不必要物品的积累很快就会失去吸引力，最终落得积满灰尘的下场。an accumulation of为固定短语，意为“……的积累”。故填an。
②考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，以连接人和资源为核心的共享经济在欧洲变得非常流行。根据时间状语during the past decades可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语The sharing economy为单数，助动词用has。故填has become。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：在德国，受该国强烈的环境意识和可持续发展承诺的推动，共享经济已被广泛接受，催生了众多平台和服务。drive在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语，该动词与逻辑主语the sharing economy构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填driven。
④考查名词所有格。句意：例如，像 Drivy 这样一些受欢迎的汽车平台展示了合作和减少浪费创新的市场潜力。这里表示“市场的潜力”，用名词所有格形式，market的所有格是market’s。故填market’s。
⑤考查介词。句意：这不仅限于企业；它更强调普通个人和社区。place emphasis on/upon为固定短语，意为“强调”。故填on/upon。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：人们越来越多地使用旧货店、捐赠站和数字平台来免费交换他们不需要的物品。这里用不定式to exchange作目的状语，表示使用这些平台的目的是交换物品。故填to exchange。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一个这样的平台是GoHardcover，它通过让读者轻松地借阅和借出书籍，彻底改变了书籍共享的方式，从而形成了一个可持续的共享循环，减少了浪费和碳排放。form在句中应用非谓语动词形式在句中作结果状语。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填forming。
⑧考查名词的数。句意：用户可以创建虚拟书架来分享他们的藏书，并探索其他读者的书籍，这使得文学更容易获得，并培养了越来越多的爱书人士。bookshelf为可数名词“书架”，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填bookshelves。
⑨考查定语从句。句意：用户可以创建虚拟书架来分享他们的藏书，并探索其他读者的书籍，这使得文学更容易获得，并培养了越来越多的爱书人士。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
⑩考查比较级。句意：共享经济正在创造一个更可持续、资源更高效、更互联的未来，更多的个人参与将为更光明的未来铺平道路。根据上文“more sustainable, resource-efficient and connected future”可知，此处应用形容词比较级brighter，表示 “更光明的”，作定语修饰名词future。故填brighter。

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