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Unit 5 Into the unknown—高二英语下学期期末四步复习法
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to exploration and the unknown. Understand and master the key usages of the noun clauses.
能力目标 Enhance students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.
情感目标 Develop a strong curiosity and enthusiasm for exploration. Cultivate students’ qualities like perseverance and innovation.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
名词性从句
一、连接词that，whether，if引导的名词性从句
1．that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，that不作从句的任何成分，但通常不可省略。
It is amazing that he finished the work ahead of time.
2．引导宾语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，常可省略。
I believe (that) he will succeed in the competition.
3．引导表语从句和同位语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，通常不可省略。
The fact is that he didn't tell the truth.
The news that he won the first prize is exciting.
4．whether与if都可以引导宾语从句。
I wonder if/whether he will come to the party.
5．whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句，其中引导同位语从句时不可以用if来替换。
Whether he will attend the meeting is still unknown.
The question whether he can pass the exam is worrying him.
其他：
1．动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置，that通常不可省略。
I feel it important that we should learn a foreign language well.
2．that引导两个以上的宾语从句时，通常只省略第一个从句中的that。
He said (that) he would go to the park and that he would stay there for a while.
3．whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换。但or not前面用whether；用于介词后的宾语从句也用whether引导。
We are discussing whether or not we should start the project.
She is interested in whether he can solve the problem.
4．有时主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句的内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语部分提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
The hope will come true one day that he will travel around the world.
二、连接代词和连接副词引导的名词性从句
1．引导名词性从句的连接代词有who，whom，whose，what等。它们不但起连接作用，还在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
Whom he met yesterday is a famous writer.
2．引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how。它们不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式等。缺少连接副词，从句也不完整。
How he solved the problem is a mystery.
（引导名词性从句的还有“疑问词＋ever”，如whoever 、whomever、wherever、whichever等，它们在从句中充当某些句子成分。）
Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.
练习：
1.______ we are supposed to do is to spare no effort to preserve our cultural heritages.
2.She asked ______ the measures would be able to restore public confidence in the economy.
3.What he wants to know is ______ we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
4.I hold a firm belief ______ a positive attitude counts a lot whatever we will take up in the future.
5.This young man never thinks about ______ it takes to get to the top of one career field.
6.______ the boy made so much progress in a short time surprised all of us.
7.The three computers have their own strengths and weaknesses, so choose ______ you like.
8.He had been ill for one week. That was ______ he was absent from language classes.
9.Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
10.When asked, the boy said that he didn’t have any idea ______ is actually going on in the classroom.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2025年辽宁模拟】
The Earth’s oceans are vast bodies of salty water that cover about 71% of the Earth’s surface. There are four major oceans, ①_____ are divided by land masses.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest, covering over 63 million square miles. It stretches from the Arctic to the Southern Ocean and ②_____ (bound) by Asia, Australia and the Americas.
The Atlantic Ocean, the second-largest, ③_____ (cover) an area of about 41 million square miles, lying between the Americas, Europe and Africa, with the Arctic Ocean to the north and the Southern Ocean to the south.
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest, covering almost 20% of the world’s water surface. It is surrounded by Asia, Africa, Australia and the Southern Ocean.
The Arctic Ocean, ④_____ (locate) in the Arctic polar region, is the smallest. It is almost centered on the North Pole and is bordered by Eurasia, North America and Greenland.
These oceans are moving constantly due ⑤_____ currents and waves. They play a crucial role in ⑥_____ (adjust) the Earth’s climate by absorbing heat from ⑦_____ atmosphere. The oceans are also home to a vast range of sea life, including ⑧_____ (whale), the largest creatures on Earth.
Human activities have ⑨_____ (significance) impacts on the health of the oceans. Understanding the oceans is essential for the ⑩_____ (survive) of our planet, as they are a critical part of the Earth’s life support system.
2. 【2025年四川成都模拟】
Taoping Qiang Village is well known as the “mysterious eastern castle” because of its typical Qiang-style architecture ①_____ its complicated road structure.
The Taoping Watchtowers of different heights and shapes stand in the village. The architectural complex is the ②_____ (combine) of stone towers and houses. They were constructed with earth, stones, hemp and wood, some of ③_____ were constructed only with earth and wood. The ④_____ (solid) built towers and houses are still in good condition after many earthquakes.
There are alleyways (小巷) between the walls of the houses in the village. ⑤_____ some houses built over those alleyways, more alleyways have appeared, ⑥_____ (make) the whole alleyway structure more complicated. Walking in the alleyways, people feel ⑦_____ (they) transcending (超越) time and space.
It’s amazing that the Taoping Watchtowers ⑧_____ (build) without any drawings, measurements and calculations then, yet they are well-structured, solid and unique. The watchtowers are a wonder from the history of world architecture which attract a number of tourists from home and abroad ⑨_____ (admire) them.
Under the earth, there are many water channels covered by earth and stones. There are some ⑩_____ (move) stones which have been placed at certain distances, which help people to get water easily. The convenient and secret water channels serve as a water-net that reaches every watchtower, providing a large living space for the villagers, especially during wartime.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案：What
解析：分析句子结构，“____ we are supposed to do” 是主语从句，从句中缺少 do 的宾语，所以用 what 引导，意为 “我们应该做的事情”。故填What。
2.答案：whether/if
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：她问这些措施是否能够恢复公众对经济的信心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，根据句意，表达“是否”之意，应用whether或者if引导。故填whether或者if。
3.答案：whether
解析：考查表语从句。句意:他想知道的是我们能否在明天早上之前完成工作。be动词后是表语从句，想知道是否能完成一件事，用whether引|导表语从句。故填whether。
4.答案： that
解析：句意为:我坚信,无论我们未来从事什么工作,积极的态度非常重要。设空处引导同位语从句,作belief的同位语,对 belief 进行解释说明;从句语义完整,故填that。
5.答案：what
解析：句意为:这个年轻人从来没想过,在一个职业领域内达到巅峰需要的是什么。设空处引导宾语从句,从句在句中作thinks about的宾语,引导词在从句中作takes的宾语表示“什么”,故填what。
6.答案：That
解析：考查主语从句。句意：这个男孩在短时间内取得如此大的进步使我们大家都感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，应用连接词 that 引导该从句。故填 That。
7.答案：whichever
解析：考查宾语从句。句意:这三台电脑都有各自的优点和缺点,所以选择你喜欢的那个。分析句子结构可知,choose 后为设空处引导的宾语从句,从句中like后缺少宾语。根据句中的“The three computers”可知此处表示范围,且指物,意为“无论哪个”故填 whichever。
8.答案：why
解析：句意为:他已经生病一周了。那就是他缺席语言课的原因。设空处引导表语从句,意为“那就是……的原因”, 用that is/was why...固定句型。故填why。
9.答案：whoever
解析：考查主语从句。句意：每年制作出最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。本句的谓语是 will win，空处引导一个主语从句，从句中makes前缺主语，因获奖的是人，故用whoever引导，故填whoever。
10.答案： what
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：当被问到这个问题时，这个男孩说他不知道教室里到底发生了什么。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“某事”，因此使用what引导同位语从句解释名词 idea，故填what。
四、
1. 答案：which; is bounded; covers; located; to; adjusting; the; whales; significant; survival
解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地球四大洋的概况、作用及人类活动对其的影响。
①考查定语从句。句意：有四大洋，它们被陆地分隔开。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词four major oceans，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
②考查动词时态和语态。句意：它从北冰洋延伸到南大洋，被亚洲、澳大利亚和美洲所环绕。根据句中stretches可知，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语It（指太平洋）和bound之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is bounded。
③考查动词时态。句意：大西洋是第二大洋，面积约4100万平方英里，位于美洲、欧洲和非洲之间，北邻北冰洋，南邻南大洋。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The Atlantic Ocean是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式covers。故填covers。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：北冰洋位于北极极地地区，是最小的。句中已有is，空处作非谓语动词，locate与The Arctic Ocean之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填located。
⑤考查介词。句意：由于洋流和海浪，这些海洋在不断地运动。due to为固定短语，意为“由于”。故填to。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：它们通过从大气中吸收热量，在调节地球气候方面发挥着至关重要的作用。in为介词，后接动名词adjusting作宾语。故填adjusting。
⑦考查冠词。句意：它们通过从大气中吸收热量，在调节地球气候方面发挥着至关重要的作用。atmosphere此处特指地球的大气层，用定冠词the。故填the。
⑧考查名词复数。句意：海洋也是各种海洋生物的家园，包括地球上最大的生物——鲸鱼。whale是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用复数形式。故填whales。
⑨考查形容词。句意：人类活动对海洋的健康有着重大影响。空处修饰名词impacts，应用形容词significant作定语。故填significant。
⑩考查名词。句意：了解海洋对我们星球的生存至关重要，因为它们是地球生命支持系统的关键部分。定冠词the后接名词形式为survival，作介词for的宾语，the survival of...意为“……的生存”。故填survival。
2. 答案：and; combination; which; solidly; With; making; themselves; were built; to admire; movable
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了桃坪羌寨被称为“神秘东方古堡”的原因。
①考查连词。句意：桃坪羌寨因其典型的羌式建筑和复杂的道路结构而被誉为“神秘的东方古堡”。“typical Qiang style architecture”和“its complicated road structure”是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
②考查名词。句意：该建筑群是石塔和房屋的结合体。结合定冠词the和空后of可知，空处应填名词，动词combine的名词形式是combination，意为“结合体，联合体”，作表语。故填combination。
③考查定语从句。句意：它们是用土、石头、大麻和木材建造的，其中一些仅用土和木材建造。“some of ③_____ were constructed only with earth and wood”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“earth, stones, hemp and wood”，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作介词of宾语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
④考查副词。句意：这些建造坚固的塔楼和房屋在多次地震后仍状况良好。提示词修饰动词built，应用副词solidly作状语，意为“ 坚固地”。故填solidly。
⑤考查介词。句意：由于一些房屋建在那些小巷上方，更多的小巷出现了，使整个小巷结构更加复杂。根据句意，“⑤_____ some houses built over those alleyways”作原因状语，结合动词“built”的形式可知，这不是一个完整的句子，可处理为with复合结构作原因状语，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”；句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：由于一些房屋建在那些小巷上方，更多的小巷出现了，使整个小巷结构更加复杂。“⑥_____ (make) the whole alleyway structure more complicated”在句中作结果状语，make(使)是非谓语动词，与前面整个句子存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填making。
⑦考查反身代词。句意：走在小巷里，人们感觉自己超越了时间和空间。主语是people，提示词作宾语，与主语指同一对象，即“人们感觉自己……”，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
⑧考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：令人惊奇的是，桃坪瞭望塔当时是在没有任何图纸、测量和计算的情况下建造的，但它们结构合理、坚固且独特。build(建造)是谓语，与主语The Taoping Watchtowers之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“then”可知，讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，be动词用were。故填were built。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：瞭望塔是世界建筑史上的奇迹，吸引了许多来自国内外的游客来欣赏它们。“(admire) them”是游客来到此地的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to admire。
⑩考查形容词。句意：有一些可移动的石头被放置在一定的距离处，这有助于人们轻松取水。提示词修饰名词stones，用形容词movable作定语，意为“可移动的”。故填movable。

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