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Unit 2 Out of this world 学案—高二英语下学期牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Students can be able to master the new words, phrases and key sentence patterns of this unit and be able to use them in specific situations.
能力目标 Students can listen for general understanding and specific information.
情感目标 Students can be able to develop their cross-cultural awareness.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
1. as引导状语从句
（1）引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句常用部分倒装语序，即把从句中作表语的形容词或名词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词原形提前。若提前的表语是带冠词的名词，其前不用冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
他尽管还是个孩子，但却知道很多。（注意：Child 前不用冠词）
Difficult as the situation was, nobody had the thought of giving in.
尽管处境困难，但无人想到屈服。
Much as I like it, I won't buy it.
我虽然很喜欢它，但不会买它。
Try as he might, he couldn't open the door.
他想尽了办法也没能打开门。
（2）引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候，随着……”，强调主从句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
As pride increases, fortune declines.
骄傲增长，好运下降。
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan.
当我跑了快23英里时，我可以看到我的妻子正挥舞着一个牌子。她是我最狂热的粉丝。（北京高考）
（3）引导方式状语从句，意为“照……方式”。
Difficulties strengthen the mind, as labour does the body.
困难磨炼意志，劳动增强身体。
It is hoped that Sarek National Park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful.
人们希望萨勒克国家公园永远保持原样，自然且美丽。
（4）引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”，相当于since。
As you make your bed, so you must lie on it.
自食其果。
Everyone likes you as you are kind and honest.
人人都喜欢你，因为你善良且诚实。
注意：
as意为"随着……"时，意思与with相同，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。试比较：
随着时间的推移，他的健康状况似乎好转了。
As time goes by, his condition seems to get better.
With time going by, his condition seems to get better.
（5）引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样，如同”，常用于“as（副词）...as（连词）...”和“not so/as...as...”结构中。
John came as early as Mary (did).
约翰和玛丽来得一样早。
She dances as gracefully as her sister (does).
她跳舞跳得同她妹妹一样优雅。
练习：
1. _____ she became an artist ten years ago may have been due to her father's influence.
2. It doesn't matter _____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
3. _____ Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mom can ensure him warm meals.
4. _____ a person experienced a period of hardship before realizing their dreams is common.
5. It is estimated _____ total investment in the country will continue to increase this year.
6. _____ wins the first place in the bicycle race will be awarded the gold medal.
7. _____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
8. _____ the valuable paintings were hidden is still a mystery.
9. It remains to be seen _____ a weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters.
10. It is not clear to us _____ he earned his living before.
四、核心素养对接高考
(A)
2022年上海高考英语试卷（秋考）
Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas, workflows, methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, wherein ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve on existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance.
The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels; from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization's innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives.
Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation.
Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc., which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation; this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services.
Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation.
1．What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean？
A．Persuasibility.
B．Scarcity.
C．Generality.
D．Practicability.
2．What is the purpose of business innovation？
A．Create value benefits for the enterprise.
B．Reform the management structure of enterprises.
C．Encourage staff to make more inventions.
D．Upgrade the product performance.
3．Which of the following is true about innovation and invention
A．They are essentially the same concept.
B．They can replace each other in the context.
C．They can bring huge commercial benefits.
D．They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes.
4．What is the main content of this passage
A．The precautions for brainstorming meetings.
B．The considerations for business innovation.
C．The difference between innovation and invention.
D．The revolutionary change in business innovation.
(B)
I've always disliked getting up in winter. As a child, I would drag myself out of bed, my eyes half-closed, and watch my school uniform warming on the radiator. 5 It's too dark, and I am always half-asleep.
6 Most of them are fun, but few really change my life in the long run. Sunrise alarm clocks, however, are different. They've become a fundamental part of my morning routine. My top picks, the Lumie Bodyclock Spark 100 and Philips Smart-sleep, have greatly benefited me. I'm waking up every day feeling more energetic and mentally sharper.
Essentially, sunrise alarm clocks are a combination of alarm clock and light treatment device that shines with increasing brightness as your wake-up time approaches. The light interacts with our natural sleep-wake cycle, much as the sun does when it rises. 7
Sunrise alarm clocks also promote healthier sleep habits. In our tech-driven world, waking up often means immediately checking our phones. An important strength of sunrise alarm clocks is that your morning wake-up no longer involves your phone. Stopping a smartphone alarm means your day begins with eyes on-screen. 8 But with these clocks, you can start the day with a clearer mind and more concentration.
Sleep is personal, and no single device fits everyone. But for me, sunrise alarm clocks have been a game-changer. They're affordable, with quality models available for under 30. 9 After all, some morning people are made, not born.
A．They prove to fall into this unique category.
B．Interested in tech, I often test fascinating devices.
C．Therefore, we wake up biologically prepared for the day.
D．The path to endless screen time is just a fingerprint away.
E．These days, I set multiple alarms to ensure I'm woken up.
F．If you are struggling with dark mornings, it's worth a shot.
G．All of the sunrise alarm clocks I've tested have their strengths.
(C)
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to make sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
10．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
11．What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
12．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation.
13．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones.
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded.
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face.
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways.
答案以及解析
练习：
1. 答案：That
解析：句意为：她十年前成为一名艺术家可能是由于她父亲的影响。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导该从句，that在句中无意义，只起连接作用，故填That。
2. 答案：whether/if
解析：句意为：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系—两条路都通往公园。设空处引导主语从句，It作形式主语。根据句意可知，此处表示"是否"，故填whether或if。
3. 答案：When
解析：句意为：杰克放学后什么时间回到家都是计算好的，以便于他的妈妈确保他能吃到热乎的饭菜，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，且位于句首，故用When引导该从句。
4. 答案：That
解析：句意为：实现梦想之前，一个人要经历一段时间的艰难，这是常有的事。分析句型，_____ a person experienced a period of hardship before realizing their dreams是主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，意义完整，所以应用连接词that。故填That。
5. 答案：that
解析：句意为：据估计，今年该国的投资总额将继续增加。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，total investment in the country will continue to increase this year是真正的主语从句，从句句意完整，不缺少成分，应用只起连接作用、无实义的that引导。故填that。
6. 答案：Whoever
解析：句意为：无论谁在自行车比赛中获得第一名，都将被授予金牌。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，表示"无论是谁"，应用whoever引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whoever。
7. 答案：What
解析：考查主语从句。句意：使得这本书如此出众的是作者创造性的想象力。is前的句子是主语从句，空处在主语从句中作主语，再根据句意可知，应填What。
8. 答案：Where
解析：句意为：这些名画藏在哪里仍然是个谜。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，再根据were hidden可知，从句缺少地点状语，应用where来引导该从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Where。
9. 答案：whether/if
解析：句意为：天气跟踪系统能否预防许多灾害还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，设空处引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分，结合句意可知，表示"是否"，应用whether或if引导该主语从句。故填whether或if。
10. 答案：how
解析：句意为：我们不清楚他以前是怎样谋生的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，句中缺少方式状语，表示"如何"，应用连接副词how引导该从句。故填how。
(A)
答案：
1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B
解析：
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文"feasibility and desirability of each idea. (每个想法的可行性和可取性。)"可知，领导者对于头脑风暴所提创意可行性的考虑，划线单词与"feasibility"以及"desirability"为并列关系，所以划线单词的意义与"生存能力，耐用性，可行性"意思相近。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. (商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值。)"可知，商业创新过程的目的是为企业创造价值效益。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段"Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. (创新和发明是紧密联系在一起的，但这两个术语是不可互换的。发明是一种全新的创造。商业创新的过程可以产生一项发明，但这个术语的范围更广，包括以新的方式应用现有的概念或实践，或将新技术应用于现有的产品或过程以改进它。为了更好地理解两者的区别，不妨这样考虑：电话是一项发明，而智能手机是一项创新。)"可知，此处对创新和发明的区别做出解释，创新和发明密切相关，但具有不同的概念范围。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段中的"Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. (商业创新，像大多数商业计划一样，既有好处也有风险。)"和"On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. (另一方面，组织需要权衡这些风险和业务创新的好处。)"可知，文章围绕商业创新进行讲述，不仅介绍了其概念，还提出其改进的方向、实现目的以及相关的创新分类，同时，还介绍了商业创新的积极影响和消极影响进行了简要概述，由此可知，本文主要是关于商业创新的相关概念及考量。故选B。
(B)
答案：
5．E 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．F
解析：
5．根据上文"As a child, I would drag myself out of bed, my eyes half-closed, and watch my school uniform warming on the radiator. (小时候，我会半闭着眼睛，拖着自己从床上起来，看着我的校服在暖气片上暖着)"以及下文"It's too dark, and I am always half-asleep. (天太黑了，我总是处于半睡半醒的状态)"可推测，这里说的是现在作者起床的状况。选项E"These days, I set multiple alarms to ensure I'm woken up. (如今，我会设置好几个闹钟来确保自己能醒来)"符合语境，衔接上下文，说明现在作者为了起床所采取的措施。故选E。
6．根据下文"Most of them are fun, but few really change my life in the long run. Sunrise alarm clocks, however, are different. (它们大多数都很有趣，但从长远来看，很少有能真正改变我生活的)"可推测，空处要提到"them"所指代的内容。选项B"Interested in tech, I often test fascinating devices. (因为对科技感兴趣，我经常测试一些有趣的设备)"能引出下文，说明作者测试各种设备，然后引出对日出闹钟的介绍。其中的"devices"与下文的"them"指代一致。故选B。
7．根据上文"Essentially, sunrise alarm clocks are a combination of alarm clock and light treatment device that shines with increasing brightness as your wake-up time approaches. The light interacts with our natural sleep-wake cycle, much as the sun does when it rises. (从本质上讲，日出闹钟是闹钟和光疗设备的结合，随着起床时间的临近，它会越来越亮。这种光线与我们自然的睡眠——觉醒周期相互作用，就像太阳升起时一样)"可知，这里说的是日出闹钟的原理以及对我们的影响。选项C"Therefore, we wake up biologically prepared for the day. (因此，我们醒来时在生理上已经为新的一天做好了准备)"是对上文的总结，说明因为这种光的作用——我们能在生理上做好起床准备。故选C。
8．根据上文"Stopping a smartphone alarm means your day begins with eyes on-screen. (关掉智能手机的闹钟意味着你的一天从看屏幕开始)"可知，这里说的是用手机闹钟的情况。选项D"The path to endless screen time is just a fingerprint away. (进入无休止的屏幕时间的路径只需一个指纹的距离)"进一步说明了用手机闹钟后很容易进入长时间看屏幕的状态，衔接上文。故选D。
9．根据上文"But for me, sunrise alarm clocks have been a game-changer. They're affordable, with quality models available for under 30. (但对我来说，日出闹钟改变了我的生活。它们价格实惠，优质的型号售价不到30英镑)"以及下文"After all, some morning people are made, not born. (毕竟，有些喜欢早起的人是后天养成的，而不是天生的)"可知，本段是在推荐日出闹钟。选项F"If you are struggling with dark mornings, it's worth a shot. (如果你在黑暗的早晨起床困难，这值得一试)"符合语境，承上启下，推荐那些起床困难的人试试日出闹钟。故选F。
(C)
答案：
10．A 11．C 12．A 13．D
解析：
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. (无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)"可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
11．词句猜测题。根据后文"It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)"可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于"inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (检查和维修铁路基础设施)"。由此可知"That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety"是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C项：Inspection and repair (检修) 含义相近。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. (带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借它们的预见能力，它们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应)"可推知，对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。根据第一段"Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to make sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis. (一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的"空中之眼"技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)"以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项"无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。"符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。

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