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Unit 3 Back to the past 学案—高二英语下学期牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Students can be able to master the new words, phrases and key sentence patterns of this unit and be able to use them in specific situations.
能力目标 Students can listen for general understanding and specific information.
情感目标 Students can be able to develop their cross-cultural awareness.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
1. 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时（be动词的过去式用were)，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might +动词原形”。
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
如果我是个男孩，我会参军的。
If she had time, she should go with you.
如果有时间，她就会和你一起去。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might +have +过去分词”。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
如果他采纳了我的建议，他就会在比赛中获胜。
（3）表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/were to+动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
如果明天下雨，足球比赛就会推迟。
（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now.
如果他们努力工作的话，他们现在会很累的。（从句说的是过去，主句说的是现在）
总结：
如果从句的谓语中有should，had，were时，则可以省去if,把这些词提前到句首，实行倒装。
Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我就会待在家里。
Were they here now, they could help us.
如果他们现在在这的话，就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
如果你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
练习：
1. This is _____ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
2. The question discussed at the meeting was ______ it was worth trying or not.
3. A simple restaurant was ______ he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
4. The reason why I want to interview Yang Liwei is ______ he has made great contributions to the development of China.
5. If you are addicted to your mobile phone, that's ______ you should lay it down and be involved in meaningful activities.
6. The question is ______ could lead them to get rid of poverty.
7. As a member of society, I am aware that being responsible is ______ it takes to make a better society.
8. Leaves contain certain temperature sensitive chemicals. That's ______ tho leaves change color in tho fall.
9. It is known to us all that China is no longer ______ she used to be.
10. His suggestion is ______ we should hire more experienced people.
四、核心素养对接高考
(A)
Simon & Schuster, a major American publisher, has decided to remove book blurbs (宣传语) — glowing (热烈赞扬的) quotes from other authors often found on the back of books. This move reflects a growing skepticism towards these recommendations, which have long been criticized as insincere or misleading.
Blurbs first appeared in the early 18th century as publishers perfected the modern dust jacket. Their purpose was to generate excitement, but they often had the opposite effect. Writers like George Orwell dismissed them as "disgusting tripe", while many readers ignored them altogether. Blurbs are usually not fair reviews; they are just praises from other authors, sometimes with the same agents or publishers. Their overly enthusiastic tone, filled with phrases like "unputdownable" or "magisterial", often feels overstated and insincere.
Blurbs mislead readers in two main ways: by overstating and by leaving out important information. They use overly enthusiastic language to talk about books, making readers feel guilty if they do not share the same enthusiasm. At the same time, they often reflect the author's social connections rather than their literary quality. Established authors dislike giving blurbs, while new authors struggle to obtain them, making the practice a somewhat exclusive feel.
Moreover, blurbs are often poorly written, relying on overused phrases. Instead of promoting good writing, they often show bad writing. For example, when T. S. Eliot described another poet as "easy to understand but not popular", it was very rare because most blurbs are full of empty praise.
By removing blurbs, Simon & Schuster aims to focus on producing high-quality books rather than pursuing recommendations. The goal is to create "the best books possible", without the need for overstated praise. This decision reflects a broader shift away from insincere marketing strategies and towards a more honest approach to literature.
1．What is the main reason for Simon & Schuster to remove book blurbs
A．To avoid insincere or misleading recommendations.
B．To reduce the cost of book production.
C．To increase the sales of books.
D．To promote new authors.
2．What does the underlined phrase "disgusting tripe" in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Valuable advice. B．False criticism.
C．Worthless rubbish. D．Inspiring quotes.
3．What effect do blurbs often have on readers
A．They make readers feel like outsiders.
B．They encourage readers to read more books.
C．They provide readers with comprehensive book reviews.
D．They make readers feel ashamed when they fail to enjoy the book.
4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．The Decline of Book Blurbs
B．The Rise of Book Reviews
C．Simon & Schuster's Brave Move
D．A Big Change in Literary Trends
(B)
Great books are plentiful, but only a few achieve the status of classics. 5 Typically, classic works share several defining characteristics, which help them stay meaningful through generations and across cultures.
A memorable main character is essential. Classic novels often feature heroes/ heroines with vivid and distinct personalities. By absorbing ourselves in their experiences, we become emotionally invested, and this connection makes the story world come alive in our mind. Characters like Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings serve as readers' eyes and ears, allowing us to gain a more authentic understanding of their world. 6
Classical literature invites multiple readings. With each encounter, new depths are revealed. 7 The forever charm refreshes each repeated reading. Each revisiting offers a fresh idea, allowing readers to discover new layers of meaning as they grow and change.
8 They continue to attract modern audiences regardless of when they were written. Shakespeare's plays, for example, were published in the 16th and 17th centuries, yet they remain influential and charming today. Their everlasting appeal lies in the universal nature of the themes they explore, whether it's love, ambition, or the struggle for power.
In conclusion, what is said above sets classics apart from other works. 9 Classics are essential to our cultural identity and will continue to influence a wider world in the future because they teach us valuable lessons about what it means to be human.
A．True classics stand the test of time.
B．Works by Shakespeare are famous and timeless.
C．They are the windows for us to see the story unfold.
D．It also makes them a vital part of our literary heritage.
E．Reading classic literature contributes to personal growth.
F．A book must achieve excellence to be recognized as a classic.
G．Reading classics at different stages of life inspires new thoughts.
(C)
Do you ever find yourself randomly thinking back to the times we wandered, collecting wildflowers and smiling beneath the sky That feeling is often referred to as nostalgia (怀旧).
Psychologists have defined nostalgia as a self-conscious, social emotion, bittersweet but dominantly positive. It comes from our happy memories and our desire to go back to the past and reconnect with the people we cared about. Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. Almost everyone can experience nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found that younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music.
In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn't make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life's meaning, reduce fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism.
Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times. To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to.
Perhaps because it is so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received magical treatment from poets and writers. "The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm (领域), beyond the reach of intellect," Marcel Proust wrote.
10．Why does the author mention "autumn leaves" in the second paragraph
A．To illustrate the complexity of nostalgia.
B．To emphasize the joyful nature of nostalgia.
C．To clarify nostalgia's connection to our senses.
D．To stress individual variety of experiencing nostalgia.
11．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The mismatch between two findings.
B．The potential benefits of nostalgia.
C．The impact of nostalgia on personal mood.
D．The mechanisms behind nostalgia's effects.
12．What does the author suggest us do in paragraph 4
A．Create shared traditions for bonding and joy.
B．Record the social gatherings regularly.
C．Recognize the unnecessary social gatherings.
D．Say no to the concept of escapism.
13．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Nostalgia: Why We Should Avoid Reflecting on the Past.
B．Nostalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness of Our Life.
C．A Nostalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked.
D．Power of Nostalgia: Struggling for an Irreplaceable Present.
答案以及解析
练习：
1. 答案：what
解析：句意为：这就是我父亲教我的—永远要直面困难，并抱有最大的希望。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语，意为"……的东西"，故填what。
2. 答案：Whether
解析：句意为：会上讨论的问题是这件事是否值得一试。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少表语从句引导词，从句不缺成分，根据句意和空后的or not可知，设空处表示"是否"，应用连词whether。if通常不用于引导表语从句。故填whether。
3. 答案：where
解析：句意为：在一家简单的餐馆里，他通常吃同样的饭，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少主语和宾语；根据空前的A simple restaurant可知，应用连接副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。
4. 答案：that
解析：句意为：我想采访杨利伟的原因是他对中国的发展作出了巨大贡献。the reason why…is that...为固定句型，意为"……的原因是……"，应用连词that引导表语从句。故填 that
5. 答案：when
解析：句意为：如果你沉迷于手机，那么该是你放下手机，参加有意义的活动的时候了。此处引导表语从句，在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导。故填when。
6. 答案：who
解析：句意为：问题是谁能带领他们摆脱贫困。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示"谁"，应用who引导该从句。故填who。
7. 答案：What
解析：句意为：作为社会的一员，我知道有责任心是使社会更美好的必要条件。此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指物，应用what作takes的宾语。故填what。
8. 答案：why
解析：前句"Leaves contain certain temperature sensitive chemicals."阐述了树叶的一种属性，后句"the leaves change color in the fall."描述了树叶在秋季的变化。从逻辑上看，需一个词连接并解释变化原因，"why"用于引导表语从句表原因，结合首字母"w"及前后逻辑，此处填"why"可使句子逻辑连贯。
9. 答案：what
解析："what"引导表语从句，在从句中作表语，指代中国过去的样子，故填"what"。
10. 答案：that
解析：考查表语从句。句意：他的建议是我们应该雇用更多有经验的人。空处引导表语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应填that引导，故填that。
(A)
答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C
解析：
1．细节理解题。根据第一段后一句"This move reflects a growing skepticism towards these recommendations, which have long been criticized as insincere or misleading. (这一举动反映了人们对这些推荐语的怀疑情绪日益增长，这些推荐语长期以来一直被批评为不真诚或具有误导性)"以及最后一段前两句"By removing blurbs, Simon & Schuster aims to focus on producing high-quality books rather than pursuing recommendations. The goal is to create "the best books possible", without the need for overstated praise. (通过移除宣传语，西蒙与舒斯特旨在专注于出版高质量的书籍，而不是追求推荐。目标是创作出"尽可能最好的书"，而不需要夸大的赞扬)"可知，西蒙与舒斯特决定移除书籍宣传语的主要原因是为了避免不真诚或具有误导性的推荐。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段后两句"Blurbs are usually not fair reviews; they are just praises from other authors, sometimes with the same agents or publishers. Their overly enthusiastic tone, filled with phrases like "unputdownable" or "magisterial", often feels overstated and insincere. (宣传语通常不是公正的评论；它们只是其他作者的赞扬，有时这些作者与原作者有相同的经纪人或出版商。他们过于热情的语气，充满了"爱不释手"或"权威"等短语，常常让人感觉言过其实、不真诚)"以及划线词后的"while many readers ignored them altogether. (而许多读者则完全忽略了它们)"可知，宣传语被批评为不真诚或具有误导性，且许多读者完全忽略了它们，说明作家乔治·奥威尔对宣传语持负面态度，认为它们是不真诚的、无价值的，由此可推测出划线短语"disgusting tripe"的意思是"毫无价值的垃圾"，与C选项"Worthless rubbish (毫无价值的垃圾)"意思一致。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"They use overly enthusiastic language to talk about books, making readers feel guilty if they do not share the same enthusiasm. (他们用过于热情的语言谈论书籍，如果读者没有同样的热情，就会感到内疚)"可知，宣传语常常使用过于热情的语言来谈论书籍，当读者不能对书籍产生同样的热情时，宣传语会让读者感到内疚或羞愧。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国主要出版商西蒙与舒斯特决定移除书籍宣传语，这些宣传语长期以来因不真诚或误导性而受到批评，出版商此举旨在更专注于出版高质量书籍，而非追求不真诚的推荐，反映了从虚假营销策略向更诚实文学方法的转变，结合第一段"Simon & Schuster, a major American publisher, has decided to remove book blurbs (宣传语) — glowing (热烈赞扬的) quotes from other authors often found on the back of books. This move reflects a growing skepticism towards these recommendations, which have long been criticized as insincere or misleading. (美国大型出版商西蒙与舒斯特公司已决定去掉书籍的推荐语——即那些常常出现在书籍封底的、来自其他作者的热烈赞扬之词。这一举措反映出人们对这些推荐语的日益怀疑，而长期以来，这些推荐语一直因不够真诚或具有误导性而饱受批评)"可知，C选项"Simon & Schuster's Brave Move (西蒙与舒斯特出版公司的大胆移除)"既符合文章主旨，又醒目新颖，适宜作为标题。故选C项。
(B)
答案：
5．F 6．C 7．G 8．A 9．D
解析：
5．根据上文"Great books are plentiful, but only a few achieve the status of classics. (伟大的书籍数量众多，但只有少数能够达到经典的地位。)"可知，只有少数书能成为经典。选项F"A book must achieve excellence to be recognized as a classic. (一本书必须达到卓越的水准才能被公认为经典之作。)"延续上文内容，解释了什么样的书才能被视为经典，符合语境。故选F。
6．根据上文"Characters like Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings serve as readers' eyes and ears, allowing us to gain a more authentic understanding of their world. (像《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白·班内特和《指环王》中的佛罗多·巴金斯这样的角色，充当了读者的耳目，使我们能够更真切地了解他们所处的世界。)"可知，上文提到经典小说中的角色如伊丽莎白·班纳特和弗罗多·巴金斯等，作为读者的眼睛和耳朵，让我们更真实地了解他们的世界。选项C"They are the windows for us to see the story unfold. (他们是我们看到故事展开的窗口。)"进一步解释了这些角色的作用，与上文衔接紧密。故选C。
7．根据上文"Classical literature invites multiple readings. With each encounter, new depths are revealed. (经典文学作品值得反复阅读。每读一次，都会揭示出新的深度。)"可知，经典文学值得反复阅读，每次阅读都会有新的发现。选项G"Reading classics at different stages of life inspires new thoughts. (在人生的不同阶段阅读经典会激发新的思考。)"具体说明了在不同阶段阅读经典的好处，与上文"With each encounter, new depths are revealed."相呼应。故选G。
8．根据下文"They continue to attract modern audiences regardless of when they were written. Shakespeare's plays, for example, were published in the 16th and 17th centuries, yet they remain influential and charming today. (真正的经典经得起时间的考验。无论它们创作于何时，都能持续吸引现代读者。例如，莎士比亚的戏剧创作于16世纪和17世纪，但至今仍然具有影响力且魅力不减。)"可知，下文以莎士比亚的戏剧为例，说明经典作品无论何时创作，都能吸引现代观众，具有永恒的魅力。选项A"True classics stand the test of time. (真正的经典经得起时间的考验)"能够概括该段主旨，引出下文的例子。故选A。
9．根据上文"In conclusion, what is said above sets classics apart from other works. (总之，以上所述使经典作品有别于其他作品。)"可知，上文总结了经典作品的特点。选项D"It also makes them a vital part of our literary heritage. (这也使它们成为我们文学遗产的重要组成部分。)"进一步说明了这些特点的意义，符合语境，强调了经典作品在文化中的重要地位。故选D。
(C)
答案：
10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B
解析：
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. (怀旧通常涉及感官刺激。有时候，秋天的树叶的气味可能会引发对你儿时家的强烈思念。)"可知，作者提到"秋天的树叶"是为了说明怀旧与我们的感官的联系。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段的内容"In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn't make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life's meaning, reduce fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism. (与它与负面情绪的联系相反，怀旧并不会让我们更悲伤。更确切地说，怀旧是对不快乐的一种防御反应，它能让你从消极情绪中解脱出来。2006年的研究表明，怀旧实际上可以加强社会联系，提高自尊，提升我们的情绪。其他研究表明，它还可以增强我们对生命意义的看法，减少对死亡的恐惧，提升精神，增加乐观情绪。)"，可以看出这一段主要讲述了怀旧的潜在好处，如增强社交关系、提高自尊、提升我们的心情等。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第四段"To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to. (为了形成更强的联系，我们可以在家庭、朋友圈和工作场所建立围绕共享过去经历的传统。)"可推知，作者建议我们创建共享的传统以增强联系和快乐。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第四段"Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times. (学者们仍然不确定怀旧效应背后的确切机制；然而，一些人认为，回忆快乐的记忆可以增强我们的自我价值感和归属感，尤其是在孤独或自我怀疑的时候。它的力量可以让过去的快乐克服当前的不愉快，为艰难时期提供一点逃避。)"，文章主要讲述了怀旧的定义、产生原因、影响以及我们应如何利用怀旧来增强社交关系和自我价值感，因此B选项"怀旧：我们生活中的避难所"最能概括全文内容。故选B。

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