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Unit 2 Understanding each other 学案（含答案）—高二英语下学期牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Students can be able to master the new words, phrases and key sentence patterns of this unit and be able to use them in specific situations.
能力目标 Students can listen for general understanding and specific information.
情感目标 Students can be able to develop their cross-cultural awareness.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
1. 状语从句的省略
状语从句的省略使行文更简洁、紧凑、有力、形象。一般来说，省略现象出现在下列五种状语从句中：
时间状语从句：when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once 等引导
条件状语从句：if，unless等引导
让步状语从句：though，although，even if，whatever 等引导
比较状语从句：as，than等引导
方式状语从句：as，as if，as though等引导
常见的状语从句的省略现象有以下几种结构：
（1）连接词+非谓语动词
该省略现象需具备两个基本条件：状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词的某种形式。至于用什么样的非谓语动词形式，需要考虑三个因素：
①动词与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词形式；
②动词与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式；
③表示动作将要发生，用动词不定式。
While (she was) walking along the river bank, Jane was singing a pop song.
简沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Unless (they were) asked to answer questions, the students were not allowed to talk in Prof. Li's class.
在李教授的课上，除非被要求回答问题，否则，学生是不允许说话的。
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
他站起来好像要说什么。
（2）连接词+名词/形容词/介词短语
这种省略现象需具备两个条件：
①状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致；
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。
具备以上两个条件，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。
While (he was) a little boy, he was always ready to help others.
当他还是个小男孩时，他总是乐于助人。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
When/While (I was) on my way to school, I met my English teacher.
在上学的路上，我遇见了我的英语老师。
（3）if型省略惯用语：
if necessary 如果有必要的话（if it is necessary 的省略形式）
if possible 如果有可能的话（if it is possible 的省略形式）
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不是
if any 如果有的话（表示“数量”意义）
if ever 如果有过/发生过的话（表示“频率”意义）
练习：
1. However, when she hung up, she regretted the way _____ she had handled the call.
2. Some people sign their name in a way _____ is hard to recognize.
3. A large number of interpreters were present at the party, most of _____ Jimmy had known for ages.
4. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
5. Living in the desert area involves a lot of problems, among _____ the lack of water is the worst.
6. Those _____ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
7. We have entered into an age _____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
8. My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career, _____ gives me a lot of confidence about my future.
9. With the fast development of agriculture, the people-in the village _____ I taught before lived a happy life.
10. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence
四、核心素养对接高考
(A)
Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating. In a landmark paper, researchers found that dementia (痴呆) patients who were bilingual (双语的) developed symptoms four years later, on average, than those who weren't. "We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working," said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University.
However, despite the proven benefits of language learning for brain health, the actual impact of learning a new language later in life on cognitive (认知的) abilities is still a subject of ongoing research with mixed findings. Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn't see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn't take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.
The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. Another is about the language programmes. "The studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their length," said Judith Grossman, a researcher. Some studies involved teaching participants for six months, while others for just one very intense week.
To Dr. Antoniou, the findings are not entirely surprising. "No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life," he said. "Therefore, it's ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life."
1．How does speaking various languages offer benefits
A．By keeping the brain active.
B．By relieving mental symptoms.
C．By improving one's intelligence.
D．By increasing language fluency.
2．What do the studies show about language learning in paragraph 2
A．It doesn't show consistent cognitive improvement.
B．It is more effective than playing crossword puzzles.
C．It prevents the decline of old people's mental health.
D．It fails to bring any cognitive benefit to older Italians.
3．Why did the results in some language-learning studies turn out disappointing
A．Researchers used outdated teaching materials.
B．Volunteers were already at their age's cognitive peak.
C．The language courses focused on irrelevant vocabulary.
D．Participants lacked motivation to learn a new language.
4．What might be Antoniou's suggestion
A．Examining scientific findings critically.
B．Finding more ways to enhance cognition.
C．Studying a new language from an early age.
D．Learning essential skills throughout childhood.
(B)
The word "apply" is a verb, and the word "application" is a noun. 5
We say we "apply for a job" when we go through the official process of asking an employer for work. 6 The application is a form, either online or on paper, which gives the employer information about the person applying for the job.
While we say "apply for" when trying to get a job, we say "apply to" when we are trying to get accepted into a school or other programme, as in the following example: 7 However, we say "apply for" when we are trying to get financial aid or special awards.
The expression "apply to" also has another meaning. It can mean that something relates to something else, or that something is true for all people or things. Here is an example: The new rule only applies to people who work more than 40 hours each week.
The word "application" has other meanings besides a form people fill out. 8 From this meaning, we get the term "Apps", which we use in our smartphones and computers.
9 If you "apply yourself", that means that you are working hard over a period of time to complete a project or develop a skill.
A．There is also another expression with the verb "apply".
B．To do this, we usually have to complete a job application.
C．Among these is a computer programme that does a specific task.
D．If you apply something to a surface, you put it on the surface.
E．The application of a rule is the use of it in a particular situation.
F．We can use both words when discussing the process of looking for a job.
G．She applied to three medical schools in California.
(C)
As a fully bilingual Latina raising multicultural kids, I have always imagined myself passing down the Spanish language to them. I've had to think of more creative ways to get them excited about learning the language.
Earlier this year we decided to take a Spanish immersion trip to Punta Cana in the Dominican Republic. We stayed at the Lopesan Costa Bávaro, a 5-star, all-inclusive hotel to make travel and family activities a lot easier. To me, language is about more than just the words themselves; I want to teach them to value the world and its many cultures. So the goal of the trip was to primarily speak to my kids in Spanish and offer them an enriching travel experience. I blocked out two-to-three-hour windows to speak to them only in Spanish each day and found that they became curious about the language and kept asking me how to translate words, even when we weren't in practice mode.
One of their favorite spots in the hotel was the ice cream shop. The kids learned what to call the sweet treat in Spanish (helado) and asked how to say the different ice cream flavors in Spanish too. The most important part of the immersion trip was to have fun and to set realistic expectations about their language development journey.
My kids weren't going to leave the trip being fully bilingual, but the goal was to spark their interest and create a positive learning experience. For me, it was also a reminder to let go of the bilingual parenting pressure I constantly put on myself. So much of passing down a language requires planning and consistency, which can be hard to keep up with at times — and that's OK.
Once we got home, my son asked us to download the app Duolingo on our devices so he could continue practicing his Spanish. And I still make it a point to occasionally shift to Spanish and teach them new words: little by little, poco a poco.
10．What was the main purpose of the author's trip to Punta Cana
A．To enjoy an expensive hotel.
B．To teach her kids Spanish through immersion.
C．To explore the culture of the Dominican Republic.
D．To visit family members living there.
11．How did the author teach her children Spanish during the trip
A．By enrolling them in a language school.
B．By having them speak Spanish for two to three hours daily.
C．By playing games with them.
D．By speaking only Spanish for two to three hours daily.
12．What does the author imply about her children's language development
A．They generate a strong passion for Spanish.
B．They became fluent in Spanish by the end of the trip.
C．They have formed a habit of learning Spanish after the trip.
D．They found Spanish too easy to learn.
13．What lesson did the author learn regarding bilingual parenting
A．It is vital to set strict language rules.
B．It requires patience, planning, and consistency.
C．Children should only learn one language at a time.
D．Language learning is not important for cultural identity.
答案以及解析
练习：
1. 答案：that
解析：句意为：然而，当她挂断电话后，她对自己处理这通电话的方式感到后悔。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，关系词在从句中作方式状语，故用that引导该从句，相当于in which。
2. 答案：which/that
解析：句意为：一些人会用一种难以辨认的方式签自己的名字。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
3. 答案：whom
解析：句意为：有许多口译员出席了此次聚会，其中大部分人吉米已经认识很久了。此处为"代词+of+关系代词"结构引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词interpreters指人，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，故填whom。
4. 答案：that
解析：句意为：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为species，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前面有all修饰，应用that引导该从句。故填that。
5. 答案：which
解析：句意为：住在沙漠地区有很多问题，其中最严重的问题是缺水。此处为"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代先行词problems，在从句中作介词among的宾语，故用which引导该从句。
6. 答案：who
解析：句意为：那些想去看电影的人必须在学校门口等候。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导该从句。故填who。
7. 答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。句中先行词为an age (一个时代)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
8. 答案：which
解析：句意为：我的父母在我的职业选择上一直鼓励我，这让我对自己的未来充满信心。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
9. 答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。分析可知"_____ I taught before"是定语从句，修饰the village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。句意：随着农业的快速发展，我以前任教的村庄的人们过着幸福的生活。
10. 答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。分析可知_____ may explain his absence是定语从句，先行词为the reason，空处在从句中作主语，故填that或which。句意：你曾问过他缺席的原因吗
(A)
答案：
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C
解析：
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating. (专家表示，经常说多种语言可能会通过激发智力而特别有益)"以及"'We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,' said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University. (西悉尼大学副教授Mark Antoniou说：'我们在日常生活的各个方面都使用语言，所以双语大脑一直在工作。')"可知，经常说多种语言通过刺激智力，让大脑不断工作，也就是让大脑保持活跃来提供益处。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn't see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn't take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs. (Antoniou和他的同事的研究发现，60岁及以上的中国成年人在参加了六个月的语言学习项目后，认知测试成绩有所提高，玩填字游戏的人也是如此。另一项小型研究发现，上了四个月英语课的年长意大利人认知分数没有变化，但那些没有上课的人分数下降了。最近的两项研究发现，人们参加语言学习项目后，认知表现几乎没有差异)"可知，有的研究表明60岁及以上中国成年人在六个月语言学习后认知测试有提高，玩填字游戏的人也有提高，有的研究发现上四个月英语课的意大利老人认知分数无变化，还有的研究发现参加语言学习项目后认知表现几乎无差异。由此推知，语言学习对认知的改善并不一致。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中"One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. (其中一个原因是，参与者都是积极性很高的志愿者，他们可能已经达到了其年龄的认知巅峰，这使得很难看到任何进步)"可知，一些语言学习研究结果令人失望的一个原因是参与者是积极性很高的志愿者，他们可能已经达到了其年龄的认知巅峰，所以很难看到任何改善。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中"'No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,' he said. 'Therefore, it's ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.' (他说：'没有人会认为只学习六个月的新语言能和一辈子使用两种语言的效果相同。因此，最好从小就开始学习新语言，以便最大限度地提升一生中的认知功能。')"可知，Antoniou认为学习六个月新语言和一生使用两种语言不一样，所以理想的是在童年时期就开始学习语言，以最大限度地提高其在一生中改善认知功能的能力。由此推知，Antoniou建议从小学习一门新语言。故选C项。
(B)
答案：
5．F 6．B 7．G 8．C 9．A
解析：
5．根据上文"The word 'apply' is a verb, and the word 'application' is a noun. ('apply'这个词是动词，'application'这个词是名词。)"可知，此处应引出下文关于这两个词在求职语境中的使用。F选项"We can use both words when discussing the process of looking for a job. (当我们讨论找工作这个过程时，我们可以使用这两个词。)"中的"both words"指代上文的"apply"和"application"，"looking for a job"与下文提到的求职过程相呼应。故选F项。
6．根据上文"We say we 'apply for a job' when we go through the official process of asking an employer for work. (当我们经历向雇主申请工作的正式过程时，我们说我们'apply for a job'。)"以及下文"The application is a form, either online or on paper, which gives the employer information about the person applying for the job. (申请表是一种表格，可以是网上的，也可以是纸质的，它向雇主提供申请这份工作的人的信息。)"可知，此处应提到与求职申请表相关的内容。B选项"To do this, we usually have to complete a job application. (要做到这一点，我们通常必须填写一份求职申请表。)"中的"this"指代上文的"apply for a job"，"complete a job application"与下文的"The application"相呼应。故选B项。
7．根据上文"While we say 'apply for' when trying to get a job, we say 'apply to' when we are trying to get accepted into a school or other programme, as in the following example: (当我们试图找工作时，我们说'apply for'，而当我们试图被学校或其他项目录取时，我们说'apply to'，如下例所示：)"可知，此处应给出一个关于"apply to"的例句。G选项"She applied to three medical schools in California. (她申请了加州的三所医学院。)"中的"applied to"与上文的"apply to"相呼应。故选G项。
8．根据上文"The word 'application' has other meanings besides a form people fill out. ('application'这个词除了指人们填写的表格外，还有其他含义。)"以及下文"From this meaning, we get the term 'Apps', which we use in our smartphones and computers. (从这个意思出发，我们得到了'Apps'这个词，我们在智能手机和电脑上使用它。)"可知，此处应提到"application"的另一个含义，且这个含义与智能手机和电脑上的应用有关。C选项"Among these is a computer programme that does a specific task. (其中之一就是执行特定任务的计算机程序。)"中的"a computer programme"与下文的"Apps"相呼应。故选C项。
9．根据下文"If you 'apply yourself', that means that you are working hard over a period of time to complete a project or develop a skill. (如果你'apply yourself'，那就意味着你在一段时间内努力工作以完成一个项目或发展一项技能。)"可知，此处应引出下文关于"apply yourself"这个表达的内容。A选项"There is also another expression with the verb 'apply'. (还有一个动词'apply'的表达。)"中的"another expression"指代下文的"apply yourself"，符合语境。故选A项。
(C)
答案：
10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B
解析：
10．细节理解题。根据第二段"Earlier this year we decided to take a Spanish immersion trip to Punta Cana in the Dominican Republic. (今年早些时候，我们决定去多米尼加共和国的蓬塔卡纳进行西班牙语沉浸式旅行。)"以及"So the goal of the trip was to primarily speak to my kids in Spanish and offer them an enriching travel experience. (所以这次旅行的目标主要是和我的孩子们说西班牙语，并为他们提供丰富的旅行体验。)"可知，作者去蓬塔卡纳的主要目的是通过沉浸式学习教孩子们西班牙语。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段"I blocked out two-to-three-hour windows to speak to them only in Spanish each day and found that they became curious about the language and kept asking me how to translate words, even when we weren't in practice mode. (我每天留出两到三个小时的时间只和他们说西班牙语，我发现他们对这门语言变得很好奇，即使我们不在练习模式下，他们也不断问我如何翻译单词。)"可知，作者通过每天花两到三个小时只说西班牙语来教孩子。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Once we got home, my son asked us to download the app Duolingo on our devices so he could continue practicing his Spanish. (我们一回到家，我儿子就让我们在设备上下载多邻国应用程序，这样他就可以继续练习他的西班牙语了。)"可知，孩子们对西班牙语产生了强烈的热情。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"So much of passing down a language requires planning and consistency, which can be hard to keep up with at times — and that's OK. (传承一门语言在很大程度上需要规划和坚持，有时很难做到这一点——但这也没关系。)"可知，双语育儿需要耐心、规划和坚持。故选B。

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