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Unit 3 Careers and skills 学案（含答案）—高二英语下学期牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Students can be able to master the new words, phrases and key sentence patterns of this unit and be able to use them in specific situations.
能力目标 Students can listen for general understanding and specific information.
情感目标 Students can be able to develop their cross-cultural awareness.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
从句谓语的形式 主句谓语的形式
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词一般用were） would/could/should/might +动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might have +过去分词
与将来事实相反 A.过去式（be动词一般用were） B. were to +动词原形 C. should+动词原形 would/could/should/might +动词原形
练习：
1. The manager put forward a suggestion _______ we should have an assistant. There was too much work to do.
2. There is no doubt that ______ is vital for us to deal with e-waste properly.
3. _______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
4. _______ breaks the rules should be punished.
5. He is no longer _______ he used to be.
6. I noticed for the first time ________ old Mama and Papa looked.
7. Despite the fact _______ they are of an age, they share no interests in common.
8. Word came _______ our football team won the final competition.
9. His suggestion is _______ we should hire more experienced people.
10. It is known to us all that China is no longer ________ she used to be.
四、核心素养对接高考
(A)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day's work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: "I'm sure I wasn't much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills."
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wands-worth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: "I've moved house many times and I always like to personalize my room and put up pictures, so, it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out."
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
1．Which is closest in meaning to "a dab hand" in paragraph 1
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
2．Why did Terri's grandfather give her 5 a day
A．For a birthday gift. B．As a treat for her work.
C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby.
3．How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A．By making it look like before. B．By furnishing it herself.
C．By splitting the rent with a roommate. D．By canceling the rental agreement.
4．What trend in DIY does the research show
A．It is becoming more costly. B．It is getting more time-consuming.
C．It is turning into a seasonal industry. D．It is gaining popularity among females.
(B)
We all know that first impressions are important and that they are lasting. That's why we work hard to make great first impressions. 5
First impressions might overshadow your abilities. When you are hired in an organization, a set of inferences are made about you. Making inferences is human nature. If you become known for your attention to details, you may never be seen as someone who can see the big picture. If you are the person who organizes all of the birthday celebrations, you may never be seen as management material. 6
First impressions can stamp you forever, often predetermining the path of your career and how far you will be able to advance your career. These perceptions paint a picture of who people think you are. 7 This, in large part, is why your careers are held back, why you become frustrated, dissatisfied and even want to leave the present position.
But it doesn't have to come to that if you can unlock hidden aspects of your value. Talk about what you are reading or a project you are working on at home with coworkers and your manager when appropriate. This can demonstrate other skills you possess. Embrace (接受) new things and become knowledgeable about your company and industry. 8 Volunteer in your company. It is a good way to give yourself the opportunity for others to see you in a way that is outside of your defined role.
9 As people get to know you better, they will recognize your diverse interests and capabilities, potentially opening new doors for career advancement.
A．Here are some useful suggestions for you.
B．Arm yourself with as much knowledge as possible.
C．Thus, you can contribute in fresh and unexpected ways.
D．It is often extremely difficult for people to change them.
E．Whatever labels, they prevent people seeing your other capacities.
F．Nevertheless, the same first impressions can block our career progress.
G．By expanding your knowledge and network, you can reshape others' perceptions.
(C)
Approximately 27% of jobs are at high risk of automation amid the artificial intelligence revolution, according to a news report.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a global policy forum that includes 38 members, said in a Tuesday report that high-skill occupations are still at least risk of automation.
Low-to-middle skilled jobs are most at risk, including construction, farming, fishing, forestry and, to a lesser extent, production and transportation, the report said. The report said that while adoption of AI is still relatively low, rapid progress, falling technology costs and the increasing availability of workers with Al skills suggest that OECD countries may be on the edge of an AI revolution.
The OECD also found that there is little evidence of negative employment effects for firms that adopt AI so far, and workers and employees report that AI can reduce tedious and dangerous tasks, which works are dreaming to get rid of.
Nevertheless, concerns about AI in the workforce continue to spread, with the survey last year finding that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. Additionally, a similar amount worry that wages would decrease due to AI, more than half of workers are concerned about privacy and three in four say that AI has increased work pace. Rapid development and adoption mean that new skills will be needed and others will become old-fashioned, advising that governments encourage employers to provide more training, integrate AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce.
The OECD said its report highlights the "urgent need for policy action" to address AI risks in the workplace and to ensure "accountability and transparency for employment-related decisions supported by AI".
"The recent acceleration of generative Al-related developments and tools marks a technological watershed with material implications in many workplaces. There is a real need to consider longer term policy frameworks on the use of AI in the workplace and to continue to foster international cooperation to maximize the benefits while appropriately managing the downside risks," OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann said in a statement.
10．What does the underlined word "tedious" in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Ridiculous. B．Curious.
C．Influential. D．Tiresome.
11．How can people keep pace with AI automation according to the OECD
A．They should increase their work pace.
B．They should receive training on skills and education.
C．They should accept lower wages of old-fashioned skills.
D．They should employ more AI related tools.
12．What can we learn from the news report
A．Governments have done a lot to deal with AI automation.
B．AI automation has many benefits for employees.
C．Most workforce are depressed to find their job taken place of by AI.
D．60% of workforce are concerned about being out of work in ten years.
13．What's the main idea of the passage
A．AI automation puts some of the jobs at high risk.
B．AI automation will maximize its benefits in the future.
C．AI automation has made big progress and decreased costs.
D．Al automation will benefit both workforce and policy makers.
答案以及解析
练习：
1. 答案：that
解析：句意为：经理提出了一个建议，即我们应该有个助手。(因为)要做的工作太多了。设空处引导同位语从句，对suggestion进行解释说明，此处在从句中不作成分，故填 that。
2. 答案：it
解析：句意为：毫无疑问，正确处理电子垃圾对我们极为重要。it is vital for sb to do sth意为"对某人来说做某事很重要"。that引导同位语从句，it作同位语从句的形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。
3. 答案：What
解析：句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司美好的未来。本题考查主语从句。"you said at the meeting"为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语且表示"物"，故用what引导。
4. 答案：Whoever
解析："Whoever"引导主语从句，表示"无论谁，任何人"，在从句中作主语，符合无论谁违反规则都应受惩罚这一语境，强调任何人处在这种情况下都适用这一规则。
5. 答案：what
解析：题意：他不再是过去的他了。解析：答案：what考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，故填what。
6. 答案：how
解析：这里是一个宾语从句，"noticed"后面需要接宾语从句来说明注意到的内容，从句中"looked"是系动词，根据语境，应该是说第一次注意到妈妈和爸爸看起来怎么样，所以要用连接副词how来引导宾语从句，表示方式、状态等。
7. 答案：that
解析：句意为：尽管同岁，他们却没有任何共同爱好。此处为that引导的同位语从句，解释其前的抽象名词fact的内容。be of an age为固定搭配，等同于be of the same age，意为"年龄相同"。
8. 答案： that
解析：句意为：我们的足球队在决赛中获胜的消息传来了。our football team won the final competition解释说明Word的内容，为同位语从句，从句句意完整，且不缺成分，故填that。
9. 答案：that
解析：考查表语从句。句意：他的建议是我们应该雇用更多有经验的人。空处引导表语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应填that引导，故填that。
10. 答案：what
解析："what"引导表语从句，在从句中作表语，指代中国过去的样子，故填"what"。。
(A)
答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
解析：
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文"Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)"可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项"A specialist (一位专业人员)"最接近画线短语"a dab hand"的意思。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段"She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day's work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)"以及"It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)"可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段"So, it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)"可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
4．细节理解题。通过文章最后一段"the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)"可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
(B)
答案：
5．F 6．E 7．D 8．C 9．G
解析：
5．上文"We all know that first impressions are important and that they are lasting. That's why we work hard to make great first impressions. (我们都知道第一印象很重要且持久。这就是为什么我们努力留下好的第一印象)"说明第一印象的重要性以及人们为留下好印象所做的努力。空处和前文构成转折关系，引出下文关于第一印象不利影响的论述。所以F项"然而，同样的第一印象可能会阻碍我们的职业发展"符合语境。故选F。
6．上文"If you become known for your attention to details, you may never be seen as someone who can see the big picture. If you are the person who organizes all of the birthday celebrations, you may never be seen as management material. (如果你因注重细节而闻名，你可能永远不会被视为能看到大局的人。如果你是组织所有生日庆祝活动的人，你可能永远不会被视为管理人才)"通过举例说明第一印象给人带来的固定看法。空处总结上文，说明这些看法带来的负面影响。所以E项"无论是什么标签，它们都阻碍人们看到你的其他能力"符合语境。故选E。
7．上文"First impressions can stamp you forever, often predetermining the path of your career and how far you will be able to advance your career. These perceptions paint a picture of who people think you are. (第一印象会永远烙印在你身上，常常预先决定了你职业发展的道路以及你能在职业生涯中走多远。这些看法描绘出了人们认为你是什么样的人)"说明第一印象对职业发展的影响以及形成的看法。空处承接上文，进一步说明改变这些看法的难度。所以D项"人们要改变它们往往极其困难"符合语境，该项中的them指代前文中的"These perceptions"。故选D。
8．上文"Embrace (接受) new things and become knowledgeable about your company and industry. (接受新事物，了解你的公司和行业)"以及下文"Volunteer in your company. It is a good way to give yourself the opportunity for others to see you in a way that is outside of your defined role. (在公司做志愿者。这是一个很好的方式，能让你有机会以超越既定角色的方式展现自己，让他人看到不一样的你)"强调要不断学习新知识。空处说明这样做的好处，并引出下文中的内容。所以C项"这样，你就可以以新鲜且意想不到的方式做出贡献"符合语境。故选C。
9．下文"As people get to know you better, they will recognize your diverse interests and capabilities, potentially opening new doors for career advancement. (随着人们对你有了更好的了解，他们会认识到你多样的兴趣和能力，有可能为职业发展打开新的大门)"说明人们对自己有更好了解后带来的积极影响。空处引出下文，提出改变他人看法的建议。所以G项"通过扩展你的知识和人脉，你可以重塑他人的看法"符合语境,适合统领全段。故选G。
(C)
答案：
10．D 11．B 12．D 13．A
解析：
10．词句猜测题。根据第四段"The OECD also found that there is little evidence of negative employment effects for firms that adopt AI so far, and workers and employees report that AI can reduce tedious and dangerous tasks, which works are dreaming to get rid of. (经合组织还发现，到目前为止，几乎没有证据表明采用人工智能的公司会对就业产生负面影响,工人和雇员报告称，人工智能可以减少那些他们梦寐以求想要摆脱的tedious且危险的任务)"可知，"tedious"与"dangerous" 并列且是工人们想摆脱的。能与"dangerous"并列且符合工人想摆脱的任务特点的是"令人厌烦的"，所以"tedious"意思是"令人厌烦的"，故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第五段"Rapid development and adoption mean that new skills will be needed and others will become old-fashioned, advising that governments encourage employers to provide more training, integrate AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce(快速的发展和应用意味着将需要新的技能，而其他一些技能将过时，建议政府鼓励雇主提供更多培训，将人工智能技能融入教育，并支持人工智能劳动力的多样性)"可知，为了跟上人工智能自动化的步伐，人们需要新技能，需要接受培训和教育。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第五段"Nevertheless, concerns about AI in the workforce continue to spread, with the survey last year finding that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. (然而，对劳动力中人工智能的担忧继续蔓延，去年的调查发现，五分之三的工人担心在未来十年内会被人工智能抢走工作)"可知，60%的劳动力担心在十年内失业。故选D。
13．主旨大意题。文章开篇"Approximately 27% of jobs are at high risk of automation amid the artificial intelligence revolution, according to a news report(根据一份新闻报道，在人工智能革命中，大约27%的工作面临着自动化的高风险)"表明了文章主题是人工智能革命中部分工作面临高风险。后文围绕人工智能对就业的影响展开，包括不同技能工作的风险、人们的担忧和应对措施等。所以文章主旨是人工智能自动化使一些工作处于高风险中，故选A。

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