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(共23张PPT)
Unit 3 The Internet
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure
1.The Present Perfect tense(现在完成时)
present(now)
future
past
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
(1)主语 + have/ has + V-过去分词(done)
助动词,无意义
一：现在完成时的结构
Winter has already come(came,come)，
will it still be far in spring
注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
肯定式：
主语+have/has+been+done(V-过去分词)
否定式：
主语+have/has+not+been+done...
一般疑问句：
Have/Has+主语+been+done...
特殊疑问句：
疑问词+have/has+主语+been+done...
一：现在完成时的被动语态的结构
(课本41页)
The Internet has greatly improved Jan's life.
the Internet.
change them into the passive voice
Jan's life
has been greatly improved by
主语
谓语
宾语
The Internet
has greatly improved
Jan's life
宾语
主语
谓语变被动
has/have+been+done+by
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
people
Much
has been written by
主语
谓语
宾语
People
have written
much
宾语
主语
谓语变被动
have/has+been+done+by
( )
about the wonders of the
World Wide Web.
change them into the passive voice
They have built a kind of new PC with more functions.
them
A kind of new PC
has been built by
主语
谓语
宾语
They
have built
a kind of new PC
宾语
主语
谓语变被动
have/has+been+done+by
( )
with more functions.
change them into the passive voice
I have downloaded the software to help my phone last longer.
me
The software
has been downloaded by
主语
谓语
宾语
I
have downloaded
the software
宾语
主语
谓语变被动
have/has+been+done+by
( )
to help my phone
last longer.
change them into the passive voice
BY YUSHEN
现在完成时的被动语态的用法
The letter (post) already.
Many houses (build) for the poor so far.
has been posted
have been built
用法1:强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，
通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用
Activity 1
BY YUSHEN
The machine (repair) for two hours but it still doesn’t work.
Paper money __(use) for over 50 years.
用法2:表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持
续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long... ”
句型中。
has been repaired
has been used
BY YUSHEN
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework ____________________(finish).
Everyone will feel extremely delighted if he___________________(admit) to South
China Normal University.
has been admitted
has been finished
用法3:用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用
现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
现在完成时态被动语态运用注意
1. 与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
1.The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这个公园向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去）
2.The park has been opened to the public.
这个公园已向公众开放。（说明动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了）
2. 非延续性动词，如 borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join 等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能和一段时间状语连用。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作于两周前被完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经被完成。
3. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可以省略动词短语中的介词或副词。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4. 注意现在完成时的被动语态中的两个助动词，即have/has 和been，两者缺一不可。
5. 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，将间接宾语变为主语，若将直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词短语。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→ He has been given a chance to work abroad recently ( by the company).
→ A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
6. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，宾补变为主补。
注意：原来省略to的不定式作宾补时，被动语态时 to要加回去。
I have told them to take their identity cards.
--They have been told to take their identity cards.
(1) Such a man has hardly been believed.
(2) The machine has already been repaired.
7. 副词的位置：often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间
8. 只有及物动词才有被动语态形式，但不是所有的及物动词都是如此，如某些表示状态或表示关系的动词或短语只有主动语态，而无被动语态。
常见的这类动词有：cost (花费), fit (适合), have (有), hold (容纳), lack (缺乏), own (占有), suit(适合), fail (失败), last (持续),happen (发生), occur (发生), take place (发生), break out (爆发), belong to (属于), agree with (同意)
e.g. (1) Taiwan belongs to China.
(2) The coat cost me 300.
1. We’ve done a lot of work on it, but we _______________ (finish) yet.
2. Tom ________________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months.
3. More public transport _____________ (build) in China, making it easier for people to travel.
4. Progress _________ (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
5. _____________ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
have not finished
has been working
has been built
has been
Having eaten
高考链接
6. No agreement ____________ (reach) yesterday after many rounds of talks.
7. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _______________ (reach) so far by the two sides.
8. I ________________ (show) around the Water Cube for many times since it was built.
9. _________________ (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
was reached
has been reached
have been shown
Having been shown
Exercises
一、 用动词正确形式填空。
1. First as a PC and then as a laptop, I____________(use) in
offices and homes since the 1970s.
2. Over time my memory ______________ (develop) so much that,
like an elephant, I never forget anything I ___________(told).
3. Since the 1970s many new applications _____________ (find)
for me.
4. I have also ___________(put) into robots and used to make
mobile phones as well as______ (help) with medical operations.
5. I ____________________(put) into space rockets and sent to
explore the Moon and Mars.
has developed
have been told
have been used
have been found
been put
help
have even been put
语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)
Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao.How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!
Lin Tao：Yes.Nice to see you again.
Li Ming：I know that your parents 6. (work) in Yushu for years.Can you tell me something there after the earthquake
Lin Tao：Of course.Since the earthquake 7. (happen)，many soldiers
8. (send) there，and many kinds of supplies(物资供应)
9. (carry) there from all over the country. Now，most people there 10. (live) a happy life again.
have been working
happened
have been sent
have been carried
live/are living
Our art festival ____________ (hold) next month. Recently, many English plays _____________ (try) and we finally choose a short English play. Since then, we ___________________ (practice) these days. _________ (know) that you have much experience in English plays, we hope you can give us some advice on it. _______________ (tell) the effective way to practice and perform, we still need your further guidance. We __________________ (practice) at the school hall this Thursday afternoon. We _______________ (appreciate) it very much if you could give us some suggestions.
will be held
have been tried
have been practicing
Knowing
Having been told
are going to practice
would appreciate

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