资源简介 (共81张PPT)基础词法——连词Conjunction (conj.)介词Preposition(prep.)数词Numeral(num.)知识框架连词的分类常用连词用法辨析介词的分类常用介词用法辨析介词短语数词分类数词的用法连词的分类1一、连词的分类什么是连词?连词是一种虚词,不能独立担任句子成分,不可独立使用,在句中起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。无私奉献粘合剂虚词,不做句子成分连接两个词/短语/句子连词的分类连词并列连词从属连词并列连词并列连词连接平行或并列的词、词组和分句,构成平行或并列结构。连词所连接的单词和单词,短语和短语,句子和句子之间的性质和成分(句法功能)都相同。My friend and I love to eat delicious food.主语主语并列连词分类andorbut以and为代表的表示并列关系的并列连词:both...and..., not only...but(also)..., as well as..., neither...nor...等以or为代表的表示选择关系的并列连词:either...or..., or else, otherwise, rather...than...等以but为代表的表示转折或对比关系的并列连词:not...but...,yet, whereas等so以so, because为代表的表示因果关系的并列连词:for, thus, therefore等1. both…and… 既…又2. not only...but(also)... 不但...而且...A man should have both courage and intelligence.一个人既要有勇气又要有智慧。以and为代表的表示并列关系的并列连词He is not only handsome but also clever.他不仅英俊而且聪明。3. as well as... 以及...His parents as well as he are very kind to me.他的父母和他都对我很好。4. neither...nor... 既不...也不...She seemed neither surprised nor worried.她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。以and为代表的表示并列关系的并列连词2. either...or... 要么…要么...It's your choice. It's either me or her.你选择吧。要么是我,要么是她。1. 基本词or:或,还是what do you want ,money or appearance 你想要什么,钱还是颜值 以or为代表的表示选择关系的并列连词3. rather...than... 宁愿…不愿…he would rather die than live without freedom.他宁愿死也不愿没有自由地活着。4. or else, otherwise 否则"Now you will have no more kisses," said she, "or else/otherwise I should kiss you to death!"“现在你不需要更多吻了,”她说,“否则我会把你吻死的。”以or为代表的表示选择关系的并列连词1. but, yet, whereas:但是She was tired, but/yet/whereas she still went on working.她累了,但她仍继续工作。2. not...but... 不是….而是…What I want is not your tear but your help.我想要的不是你的眼泪,而是你的帮助。以but为代表的表示转折或对比关系的并列连词1. 基本词so:所以2. because/ for... 因为He was angry, so he could not speak.他生气了,所以说不出话来。 I could not visit you , because / for I felt very tired today.我不能去看你了,因为今天我感觉很累。以so, because为代表的表示因果关系的并列连词3. therefore,thus 因此…She worked hard, therefore/thus she got high scores.她学习努力,因此得了高分。以so, because为代表的表示因果关系的并列连词Practice It!In that part of the desert we couldn’t see_________ plant_________ animals. A. neither, nor B. either, or C. both, and D. no, also从属连词连接两个或两个以上的简单句的词从属连词简单从属连词复合从属连词You should stop bothering me when I'm working.主句从句关联从属连词简单从属连词:单个单词引导名词性从句:whether(是否),whatever(无论什么),that,who/whom(谁)、what(什么)...引导状语从句:after(在……以后)、before(在……之前)、since(自从)、once(一……就)、till/until(直到……为止)、if(如果)、unless(除非)、lest(以免)、while(与……同时)引导定语从句:when(什么时候)、where(什么地方)、why(为什么)、whose(谁的)、which(哪一个)...I can’t leave him unless I know he’s all right.I haven’t played basketball since I left university.除非知道他没事,否则我不能离开他。我大学毕业后就没打过篮球。Once I get her a job, she’ll be fine.一旦我帮她找到了工作,她就会好的。复合从属连词:多个单词复合as soon as(一……就)、as far as(就……而言)、as long as(只要)、no matter (when/what/where/who…)(不管……)、as if(似乎)、in order that(为了)、so that(所以)、now that(既然)、provided that(假如)...As soon as Mark got inside, the dog shook himself.She left early in order that she would arrive on time.马克一进来,狗就开始摇头摆尾。她早早出发好按时到达。We will go even if it rains.即使下雨,我们也要去。关联从属连词:两个关联词构成so/such...that... 如此......以致于......no sooner...than... 一......就......hardly/scarcely...when... 一......就......the more...the more... 越......越......We had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. She has such good taste that her friends all ask her for fashion advice.我们刚走到外面就开始下雨了。她的品味如此好以至于她的朋友们都向她征求时尚方面的建议。Practice It!They decided to chase the cow away______ it did more damage.A. unlessB. untilC. beforeD. whilePractice It!You can borrow my book,______ you promise to give it back to me by the end of this month.A. as far asB. as soon asC. as long asD. as well as常用连词用法辨析2no sooner…than、hardly…when…(刚……就)He had no sooner/hardly sat down than/when he said that he had to leave.他刚坐下就说他得走了。主+had+no sooner/hardly done...than/when+主+did...常用连词用法比较unless “除非” 与if...not “如果不”We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow unless it rains.= If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll visit the Great Wall.遇到使用unless的句子时,弄不清该用肯定还是否定时,将unless替换成if...not的结构即可肯定常用连词用法比较so...that...与such...that...so + 形容词/副词 + that从句so+形容词+ an/a +单数可数名词+ that 从句so + many/few +可数名词复数+ that 从句so + much/little + 不可数名词+ that 从句many,few,much,little表示数量多少时,只能与so连用。常用连词用法比较such + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that 从句such +形容词+可数名词复数+ that 从句such +形容词+不可数名词+ that 从句He is such a smart boy that all us think highly of him.= He is so smart a boy that all us think highly of him.so...that...与such...that...常用连词用法比较till / until 用于肯定句中, 常与表示连续性的动词连用“直到......为止“not …till/until, 常与表示短暂性动词连用“直到......才”I will stay here until you come back.I hadn’t realized she was foreign until she spoke.till和until常用连词用法比较介词的分类3介词定义介词是一种虚词,不能单独作为句子成分,通常用在名词或代词之前,置于介词后的动词,需使用动名词(v-ing)形式。一个介词有多个意思B复合介词C双重介词D分词介词E短语介词A简单介词单一介词两个单一介词合成两个简单介词连在一起部分动词的分词形式一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他此类组合介词的分类about, above, after, against, among, around,at,before, behind, beside, besides, between, by, despite, during, except, for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off,on, over, past, since, than, through, till, to, under, until, unlike, up, with...单一介词简单介词alongside, beside,inside , into , onto, outside , throughout(遍及,到处), upwards, downwards, afterwards(后来),upon(=on), within, without...两个单一介词合成复合介词as from(从......起......) , as for (至于) , over against(与......相反) , except for(除了......以外), but for(要不是), from among(从......中) , from behind , from under, inside of, outside of, until after(直到……结束之后为止)...两个简单介词连在一起双重介词concerning(关于), considering/considered(考虑到;鉴于), excluding(除......外), following(在......之后), including(包含), regarding(关于), providing/provided(倘若,假如)...部分动词的分词形式分词介词according to(根据,按照),along with(和......一起),because of(因为),by means of(依靠,借助于),due to(因为),instead of(而不是)...一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他此类组合短语介词B地点介词C原因介词D条件介词E比较介词A时间介词F其他介词in , on ,at, about, after, before, by, during, from, for, until, sincein, on, at, above, among, behind, below, beside,between, from, into, near, through, under, upbecause of, for, at, withbut for, considering, in case ofas, like, than, toabout, on, of, with, without, except, besides,instead of, but介词的分类常用介词用法辨析4介词inThe bird is in the box.1. 表示“在……里面”或“在......其中(包含在......之内)”There are 31 days in May.2. in其后可加语言,表示“用某种语言”或“在某种语言里”。He answered my questions in English.There are some exotic words in French./ ɡ z t k/ 外来词时间:at,in,on1. at用法(1)表示时间点、时刻等,如 at 12: 00 , at noon , at night , at midnight , at dawn/ daybreak (在黎明/破晓) , at sunrise/ sunset (在日出/日落) , at dusk (在黄昏)(2)表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子,如 at Christmas (在圣诞节)常用的时间介词2. in用法(1) 表示在某段较长的时间内(例如:世纪、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)in the 1980 ’ s/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/ evening 这里的“上午、下午和晚上”是泛指时间:at,in,on常用的时间介词2. in用法(2) 表示“在......之后”,后面接一段时间,多用于将来时in two days 两天之后We are going to Beijing in two weeks.我们两周后去北京。时间:at,in,on常用的时间介词3. on用法(1)用于表示具体的某一天或一个特定的时间(例如:某日、某节日、星期几等)e.g. on May 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day(2)准时,按时: on time及时:in time时间:at,in,on常用的时间介词3. on用法(3)用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上on Christmas Eve (在圣诞节前夕) , on the morning ofJanuary 3rd 这里的“上午和下午”是特指时间名称前有 last, next, this 等词修饰时,不用介词 on, inWe went to Beijing for a visit last Sunday.时间:at,in,on常用的时间介词时间:until常用的时间介词在肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始时间:until常用的时间介词I won't go until I'm good and ready.我要完全准备就绪后才走。Things were going fine until you showed up.你一露面就把事情搞糟了。否定句肯定句1. on用法(1)on 指在某物体的表面上,与物体表面紧贴。The book lay open on the table.(2)表示“紧邻”,“在......左边/右边”Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday.方位:at,in,on,to常用的方位介词1. on用法(3)用于路名前。He lives on Beijing Road.方位:at,in,on,to常用的方位介词2. in用法(1)较大地点前,比如大城市,国家等。She lives in Guangzhou.(2)表示“包含”Guangzhou is in the south of China.(3)表示“在......排/行/组”We are in Team One.方位:at,in,on,to常用的方位介词3. at用法(1)小地点前。She is at the bus stop.(2)表示“在......前/后部”We sit at the front of the classroom.方位:at,in,on,to常用的方位介词4. to用法(1)表示没接触,不包含。China lies to the west of Japan.(2)表示目的地I will take a train to Beijing.方位:at,in,on,to常用的方位介词1. by用法(1)“by+名词”表示交通方式。She goes to work by car every day.(2)表示“用......”,侧重方法,方式,通常用于通讯手段或交通工具前Please contact me by phone.by,in,with常用的表工具,手段,方法的介词2. with用法表示“用......”,通常用于有形的工具或表示身体器官的名词前I can touch the ground with my hands.He cuts the apple with a knife.by,in,with常用的表工具,手段,方法的介词3. in用法(1)表示“用......”,通常用于表示语言、材料的名词前Please read this passage in Chinese.(2)in+颜色词表示穿某种颜色的衣服,同时in其后搭配帽子等服饰,可表示穿戴by,in,with常用的表工具,手段,方法的介词He was dressed all in black.He looked very handsome in his suit.他穿西装显得很英俊。介词on的特殊用法1. 表示“(书、讨论或观点)关于,涉及”。They are discussing articles on environmental protection.他们正在讨论有关环境保护的文章。介词on的特殊用法2. 表示“一……就”。On receiving the book, she went over the most interesting chapters first.她一收到那本书,就先把最有趣的章节看了一遍。介词短语5常见的介词短语aboutwhat about 怎么样how about 怎么样afterafter all毕竟one after another相继地beforelong before很久以前aboveabove all 尤其是above oneself 自高自大byby accident偶然地by mistake错误地underunder control 处于控制之下under discussion 在讨论中Practice It!I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and , in a quite neighborhood.A.in all B.after allC.above all D.over all数词分类6数词的分类数词基数词序数词英语中用来表示 或 词叫做数词。事物的数量顺序分数,百分数,小数基数词数字 基数词形式 例词0-12 各自独立 zero 0 ; eleven 11 ; twelve 1213-19 +teen结尾 thirteen 13; fourteen 14; fifteen 15; sixteen 16; nineteen 1920-90 ty结尾 twenty 20; thirty 30; forty 40; fifty 50; sixty 60;ninety 90>=100 a hundred一百 ; two hundred ;几十几 整十位数 - 个位数 twenty-one 21; thirty-five 35; ninety-eight 98几百几 hundred and+两位数 210:two hundred and ten大数字 a thousand 一千; a million 一百万 a billion 十亿序数词数字 序数词形式 例词1、2、3 不规则变化 first ; second ;third4-19 基数词+th fourth; seventh特殊:fifth ; eighth ; ninth ; twelfth整十 变 ty为 tie 再加 th twenty——twentieththirty——thirtieth整百/千 基数词+th hundred——hundredththousand——thousandth两位数以上 只变个位数 第21 twenty-first第102 one hundred and second分子(基数词)+分母(序数词)=分数表示分数时,基数词与序数词之间可加连字符,也可不加例:1/4 one fourth = a quarter ;1/2 a half1/5 one fifth“当分子大于1,分母记上s”2/3 two thirds4/5 four fifths分数小数中小数点读作 point ,小数点前的数字按基数词的规则读出,小数点后的数按个位数基数词依次读出注意:小数点后的零读作元音字母“o”的音或zero;小数点前的零读作zero或nought例:52.86:fifty-two point eight six0.056:zero/naught point o/zero five six小数基数词/小数+percent例:50%: fifty percent0.5%:zero point five percent百分数数词的用法7基数词用法There are three apples in the basket. 篮子里有三个苹果。a. 表示数目:个十百千万b. 表年代:in the +基数词复数=in the+基数词所有格in the 1980s (20世纪80年代) = in the 1980‘s表年份: in + 数词 in 2022基数词用法three hundred students 三百名学生hundreds of animals 数百只动物two dozen workers 二十四个工人dozens of villages 很多个村庄c. 当hundred、thousand、million、billion、dozen、等词在表示具体数字时,应用单数形式,反之表示概数时,则用复数形式,并与of连用。基数词用法五分钟的步行路程:a five-minute walk = five minutes’ walkd. “基数词+连字符+名词(单数)”可以构成复合形容词,表示数量, 该结构前一般加不定冠词a/an;相当于“基数词+该名词的所有格(名词的单复数形式由基数词决定)”基数词用法在20岁:at the age of 20/twenty第十页:page 10108号房间:Room 108f. “名词+基数词”可以表示年龄、时间、书页、房间、邮政编码、电话号码等。基数词用法She will meet her lifelong companion in her twenties.她将在二十多岁时遇到她的终身伴侣。g. “in one's+基数词的复数形式”可以表示年龄, 意为“在某人......多岁时”。基数词用法every two hours=every second hour每隔两小时h. “every+基数词+复数名词"或“every+序数词+单数名词”可以表示“每隔, 每”。基数词用法another two days=two more days 再来两天I. “another+基数词+名词"或“基数词+more+名词”可以表示在一定基础上在增加一定的数量。基数词用法an 80 meter long bridge一座80米长的桥J. “基数词+单数可数名词+形容词"相当于一个形容词。序数词用法first→1st 第一 second→2nd 第二third→3rd 第三 ninetieth→90th 第九十a. 序数词可缩写为其阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母b. 序数词主要用作定语,前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词)the first one ; the last one;my first bookPractice It!Two ______ died of cold last winter. A. hundreds old people B. hundred old peopleC. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoplesReview连词的分类常用连词用法辨析介词的分类常用介词用法辨析介词短语数词分类数词的用法No pain,No gain 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览