资源简介

(共56张PPT)
高级词法
——虚拟语气
知识框架
if引导的虚拟条件句
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气特殊句型
含蓄条件句
虚拟语气的定义
虚拟语气的定义
1
英语语气
1
陈述语气
2
祈使语气
3
虚拟语气
陈述语气
陈述事实或可能发生的事情
祈使语气
请求，命令，警告等
虚拟语气
You guys are so smart.
Be careful, please!
虚拟：
语气：
动词的形式
假的，虚幻的
用动词的不同形式去表示一种不能实现的假设
虚拟语气的定义
假设而非客观存在的事实
难以实现的情况
甚至完全相反的概念
虚拟语气的定义
主观愿望或者强烈的感情
不基于客观实际而表达自己的猜测，建议，怀疑等
if引导的虚拟条件句
2
如果我是迪丽热巴，我就天天发自拍。
if
if+句子，句子
if从句
主句
考点：句子中的动词形式
if条件句中的虚拟语气
if从句
主句
现在
过去
将来
did/were
would/should/could/might
+do（动词原形）
had done
would/should/could/might
+have done
did/were
were to do
should do
would/should/could/might
+do（动词原形）
与 事实
相反
与 事实
相反
与 事实
相反
if从句 主句
对现在的假设 did / were would/should/could/
might+do（动词原形）
对过去的假设 had done would/should/could/
might+have done
对将来的假设 did/were were to do should do would/should/could/
might+do（动词原形）
if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件句中的虚拟语气
如果我是迪丽热巴，我就天天发自拍。
If I (be)Dilraba, I (post)selfies every day.
were
would post
if条件句中的虚拟语气
如果昨天你听从了我的建议，你就不会犯错了。
If you (follow)my advice yesterday,
you (make)a mistake.
had followed
would not have made
if条件句中的虚拟语气
如果我明天见到撒贝宁，我就要嫁给他。
If I (meet)Sa,
I (marry)him.
would marry
met/were to meet/should meet
if条件句中的虚拟语气
从句和主句不同时间
错综时间虚拟语气
if错综时间虚拟语气
如果你早点出发，你现在就在周深的演唱会上了。
If I (start)earlier,
I (be) in his concert now.
would be
had started
did/were
would/should/could/might
+do（动词原形）
had done
would/should/could/might
+have done
现在
过去
if错综时间虚拟语气
句子是啥时间，
就跟哪个时间的事实相反，
就用哪个动词形式
Practice It！
If you （study） hard before, you （pass）the exam now.
had studied；would pass
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
3
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——主语从句
1. It is/was+形容词+that引导的主语从句
advisable（可取的，明智的），appropriate（适当的），desirable（想要的），essential（必需的），fundamental（基本的），important（重要的），necessary（必要的），proper（适当的），urgent（紧急的，急迫的），vital（至关重要的）等。
主语+(should)+do
It is/was+形容词+that+主语+(should)+do
保证睡眠很重要。
It is essential that we (should) sleep （sleep）well.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——主语从句
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——主语从句
2. It is/was+过去分词+that引导的主语从句
advised/ suggested/ proposed (建议)，
recommended (建议，推荐)，desired ( 渴望)，demanded/ ordered/ requested/ required (要求)，
decided (决定)等。
主语+(should)+do
It is/was+过去分词+that+主语+(should)+do
建议你尽快处理这个问题。
It is suggested that we (should) deal with （deal with）the problem as soon as possible.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——主语从句
一个坚持
两个命令
三个建议
四个要求
insist
order、command
advise、suggest、recommend
demand、require、request、ask
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
insist
order、command
advise、suggest、recommend
demand、require、request、ask
that...
主语 + (should)+do（动词原形）
这位 的母亲要求她在晚上九点之前回家。
The girl‘s mom demanded that she home before 9p.m.
(should) go
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
2. 动词wish后面接宾语从句表示没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望。
= 主语+wish+一个句子
现在
过去
将来
did/were
had done
would/could/might+do
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
动词wish后面接宾语从句
= 主语+wish+一个句子
现在
did/were
我希望我有钱。
I wish I am rich.
were
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
动词wish后面接宾语从句
= 主语+wish+一个句子
过去
had done
我想要是我当初能够追寻我的梦想该多好。
I wish I had chased my dream.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
将来
would/could/might+do
我希望我能考上大学。
I wish I could go to college.
动词wish后面接宾语从句
= 主语+wish+一个句子
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
3. would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, might as well, would prefer后面接宾语从句“宁愿，愿意”
= 主语 + would rather等词 + 一个句子
现在/将来
过去
did/were
had done
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
现在/将来
did/were
我宁愿她明天来。
I would rather she comes tomorrow.
came
主语 + would rather等词 + 一个句子
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
过去
had done
我宁愿你没说出这个秘密。
I would rather you told the secret.
had told
主语 + would rather等词 + 一个句子
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——宾语从句
一个坚持
两个命令
三个建议
四个要求
insistence
order、command
advice、suggestion、recommendation
demand、requirement
、request、desire
that...
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——表语从句，同位语从句
that从句：主语 + (should)+do（动词原形）
这位 的母亲的要求是她在晚上九点之前回家。
Her mom’s requirement is that she home before 9p.m.
(should) go
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
——表语从句，同位语从句
Practice It！
The managers demanded that all employees （be） on time.
（should）be
状语从句中的虚拟语气
4
1. as if/as though后面接状语从句
= ...as if + 一个句子
现在
过去
将来
did/were
had done
would/could/might+do
状语从句中的虚拟语气
现在
did/were
他笑得好像得了一等奖一样开心。
He laughs as if/though he won the first prize.
过去
had done
将来
would/could/might+do
He laughed as if/though he had won the first prize.
他笑得好像会得一等奖一样开心。
He laughs as if/though he would win the first prize.
状语从句中的虚拟语气
2. lest、for fear that，in case后面接状语从句
“以防，万一，唯恐”
= ...lest、for fear that，in case+句子: 主+should+do
She drank a cup of coffee in case she should fall asleep.
她喝了杯咖啡，以防自己睡着。
状语从句中的虚拟语气
3. in order that，so that 后面接状语从句
“为了，方便”
= ...in order that，so that+句子: 主+should/would/could/might等+do
I went to bed early so that | could have a good sleep yesterday.
我昨天早早上床以便能睡个好觉。
状语从句中的虚拟语气
含蓄条件句
5
含蓄条件句
would/should/could/might+do
与现在或将来相反
与过去相反
would/should/could/might+have done
虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而暗含在上下文中。
含蓄条件句
1. or，otherwise（否则），but，but that（要不是）等连词表示不具备条件
2. but for(要不是；如果没有), without, with, under等介词或者介词短语
3. 分词短语充当条件
would/should/could/might+do
与现在或将来相反
与过去相反
would/should/could/might+have done
我昨晚很忙，否则我就和你看电影了。
I was very busy last night, or/otherwise I would have watched the movie with you.
含蓄条件句
would/should/could/might+do
与现在或将来相反
与过去相反
would/should/could/might+have done
没有空气，便没有生物。
Without air, there would be no living things.
含蓄条件句
would/should/could/might+do
与现在或将来相反
与过去相反
would/should/could/might+have done
我们要是团结起来，就不会被打败。
United, we wouldn' t have been defeated.
含蓄条件句
Practice It！
I was very tired. Otherwise , I to the cinema with you.
A. had gone B. would go
C. will have gone D. would have gone
虚拟语气特殊句型
6
虚拟语气特殊句型
1. It is (high / about) time (that) sb did / should do “该是某人做某事的时候了。”
It is high time that you got up/should get up.
你该起床了。
虚拟语气特殊句型
2. if only后面接一个句子用虚拟语气
“要是......就好了“
对现在的假设
对过去的假设
did/were
had done
对将来的假设
would/could/might do
虚拟语气特殊句型
对现在的假设
对过去的假设
did/were
had done
要是我知道世界上的一切就好了。
I wish that I knew everything in the world.
= If only I knew everything in the world.
对将来的假设
would/could/might do
虚拟语气特殊句型
对现在的假设
对过去的假设
did/were
had done
她当时在这里就好了。
I wish that she had been here then.
= If only she had been here then.
对将来的假设
would/could/might do
虚拟语气特殊句型
对现在的假设
对过去的假设
did/were
had done
要是我明天休息一天就好了!
I wish I could take a day off tomorrow!
= If only I could take a day off tomorrow!
对将来的假设
would/could/might do
Review
if引导的虚拟条件句
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气特殊句型
含蓄条件句
虚拟语气的定义
No pain，No gain

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