资源简介

(共99张PPT)
Section B
Unit 3 Same or Different
1a Are you similar to or different from your friends In what ways
We are similar in some ways, but different in some other ways. We all love playing football and watching movies. However, I prefer reading books in my free time, while my friends like playing the piano or singing songs.（答案不唯一）
1b Read the posts. What are Matt’s and Diana’s opinions
Forum
5 hours ago
Some people think that friends should be alike / 'la k/, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think Should friends be similar or different
4 hours ago
I think a good friend is like a mirror/'m r (r)/. You can understand people by knowing their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests /' ntr sts/. For example, we both love sports. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches.
~~~~~
作My friend 的同位语
~~~~~
闲逛
Because of that, l try harder when I practise, and now I’m getting better at badminton.
Stephen and I are similar in other ways. He is as serious as me. When we aren’t playing sports, we enjoy reading together. I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels /'n vlz/. We often share interesting books with each other.
~~~~~
介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词。
3 hours ago
I don’t agree. For me, friends who are different make me better. I think we should respect each other’s differences and learn from each other. For example, l am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has a great sense /sens/ of humour /'hju m / too. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. Now l think meeting new people is really fun!
~~~~
有点儿；有几分
~~~~~~~~~~
动名词短语作宾语从句的主语
I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He is not afraid to give his opinion / 'p nj n/ , especially when he thinks l am making a mistake. I am less/les/ straightforward /stre t'f w d/ than he is, but l am glad to have an honest /' n st/ friend.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
长难句分析：这是一个主从复合句，主句是He is not afraid to give his opinion，时间状语从句是 when he thinks l am making a mistake。
Matt’s opinion is that a good friend is like a mirror.
Diana’s opinion is that friends who are different make her better.
从教材语篇1b 学写作技巧
举例子
在中考英语写作中，举例子是一种非常有效的论证和说明方法，能够使文章更加具体、生动、有说服力。举例时常用的短语或句型有“for example” “such as” “One example is ...”等。
从教材语篇1b 挖中考设问
[新考法 组合选择] Who are Diana’s friends
① Tom ② Stephen
③ Yuan Lei ④ Zhang Yong
A. ①② B. ①③
C. ②③ D. ③④
D
1c Match the people with the descriptions.
1. Matt A. reads a lot of novels
2. Stephen B. reads more history books
3. Diana C. gives direct opinions
4. Yuan Lei D. is kind of shy
5. Zhang Yong E. helps a friend become more outgoing
从教材习题1c中学中考解题策略
关键词定位法
关键词定位法是指通过识别和理解题目中的关键信息（即关键词），然后在文章或段落中迅速找到这些关键词，从而定位到与题目相关的内容，进而找到答案的方法。如我们可以通过题干中的“Matt”，定位于文章的第二部分，然后快速找到关键信息“I read more history books”，即可选出答案B。
1d Read the posts again and answer the questions.
1. Why does Matt think that a good friend is like a mirror
2. Why is Matt getting better at badminton
Because Matt thinks that you can understand people by knowing their friends.
Because he tries harder when he practises, inspired by the fact that Stephen plays badminton better than he does.
3. In what ways is Stephen similar to Matt
4. How is Yuan Lei different from Diana
Stephen and Matt both love sports and reading. Stephen is as serious as Matt.
Yuan Lei is outgoing and has a great sense of humour. Diana is kind of shy.
5. Why is Diana glad to have an honest friend
6. How should we treat each other’s differences
Because an honest friend is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when Diana is making a mistake.
We should respect each other’s differences.（答案不唯一）
1e Discuss the questions.
What can similarities/s m 'l r t z/ bring to a friendship /'frend p/
What can differences bring to a friendship
What really matters in a friendship
略
Vocabulary in Use
2a Find the words hidden in the word snake. Then match them with the meanings.
__________ being afraid to speak in front of people
__________ being friendly and liking to meet people
w d i r e c t y f c s e r i o u s d s h y i y h a r d w o r k i n g h d o u t g o i n g c r l a z y o
shy
outgoing
______________ not wanting to do anything
______________ speaking in a straightforward way
______________ not laughing a lot
______________ putting a lot of time into a job and doing it well
w d i r e c t y f c s e r i o u s d s h y i y h a r d w o r k i n g h d o u t g o i n g c r l a z y o
lazy
direct
serious
hard-working
2b Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
average spare differences especially
pleasure kilometres population pleasant
1. The ___________ of Shanghai is much larger than that of Lanzhou.
2. The weather was __________, with white clouds and warm sunshine.
3. We got great _________ from the prize we won.
population
pleasant
pleasure
average spare differences especially
pleasure kilometres population pleasant
4. We should respect the ____________ in others.
5. I love all fruits, ___________ strawberries.
6. The _________ height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres /'mi t (r)z/.
7. I enjoy reading books in my _________ time.
8. It is about three ____________ from my house to school.
differences
especially
average
spare
kilometres
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
personality alike novel difference besides
The prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom, are the two characters in Mark Twain’s famous _________, The Prince and the Pauper. They looked _________ and both had kind _____________. They exchanged their lives by accident.
novel
alike
personalities
personality alike novel difference besides
During his time as a pauper, Edward learnt to respect others. _________ this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected. After becoming king, he made a ___________ by trying to help the people of his country.
Besides
difference
3a Read the post. Is Rose’s opinion the same as or different from the posts in Section B 1b
3 hours ago
I don't really care if my friends are similar to or different from me. l have two amazing friends. Lily is funnier than anyone else l know. When l feel sad or have a problem, she makes me laugh and feel better. She helps me see the silver/'s lv (r)/ lining in difficult situations /s t u'e nz/.
~
引导宾语从句
My other friend, Lucy, is not as funny as Lily. Lucy is quieter, but she listens better than others. Lucy and I talk about everything. l know she cares about me because she's always there to listen.
~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
长难句分析：主句I know she cares about me通过连词because连接一个原因状语从句she’s always there to listen。主句谓语know之后是一个省略了that的宾语从句。
My favourite saying is, "A true friend reaches/'ri t z/ for your hand and touches/'t t z/ your heart." Both Lily and Lucy are true friends. We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand.
Rose’s opinion is different from the posts in Section B 1b.
思考：Has your friend ever done something that made you feel touched Talk about it. （答案不唯一）
Yes, my friend cheered me up when I lost a game. It made me feel better and really touched my heart.
3b What is your opinion Use personal experiences to support your opinion. （答案不唯一）
Opinion Reason Example
Friends should
be similar.
Similar friends often have common interests and hobbies. It is easier for them to understand and support each other.
My best friend and I both love reading novels. We often discuss our favourite
stories.
Opinion Reason Example
Friends should
be different.
My friend is really good at math, while I’m better at English. We help each other with our studies and learn from each other’s strengths.
Having friends who are different from us can help us learn new things.
Opinion Reason Example
I don't mind.
Friends don’t mean you have to be the same or different. Respecting, trusting, and understanding each other is important.
Some of my friends like playing sports, and others like doing crafts. But we all respect each other and we have a lot of fun together.
3c Use the table above to write your reply to the post.
I think that _________________________________.
For example, my friend __________ is ______________.
When ____________________, ___________________.
略
1 interest /' ntr st/ n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣（教材P26）
(观察)· She shows great interest in reading books.
她对读书表现出很大的兴趣。
· My little brother has a special interest in dinosaurs.
我弟弟对恐龙特别感兴趣。
· The science experiment interested all the students.
这个科学实验让所有学生都感兴趣。
探究一 核心单词
· The Great Wall is a famous place of interest in China.
长城是中国的一个著名名胜。
· Playing Chinese chess with my grandpa is always interesting.
和我爷爷下象棋总是很有趣。
· My friend is interested in studying astronomy.
我的朋友对研究天文学感兴趣。
归纳拓展
interest（1）作名词，意为“业余爱好；兴趣；吸引力”。常用短语：places of interest 名胜。（2）作动词，意为“使感兴趣”。interest sb. 意为“使某人感兴趣”。
相关词形：interesting adj. 有趣的（作表语或定语，主语通常是物）；interested adj. 感兴趣的（作表语或定语，主语通常是人） be interested in... 对……感兴趣
一语辨异
She is interested in the interesting story.
她对那个有趣的故事很感兴趣。
~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~
学会运用1: Collecting stamps is one of my i .
学会运用2: I like traveling because I can meet some ___________ (interest) people and things along the way.
学会运用3: Science is very ___________. I’m really __________ in it. __________ is the best teacher. (interest)
nterests
interesting
interesting interested
Interest
学会运用4: 他们对中国食物感兴趣。
They are __________ __________ Chinese food.
学会运用5: 在世界公园里，我们一天可以看到一百多个名胜古迹的模型。
In the World Park, we can see models of more than a hundred __________ __________ __________ in a day.
interested in
places of interest
2 difference /'d fr ns/ n. 差异（教材P27）
(观察)· There’s a big difference in size between the two apples.
这两个苹果在大小上有很大的差别。
· A small act of kindness can make a big difference in someone’s
life. 一个小小的善举可以对某人的一生产生巨大的影响。
· Boys and girls may behave differently. 男孩儿和女孩儿可能表现不同。
· This book is different from the one I read last week.
这本书和我上周读的那本不一样。
归纳拓展
difference 意为“差异”。
常见用法：（1）There’s no difference between...
……之间没有差异。
（2）make a difference 有影响；有作用
different 形容词，意为“不同的”，常构成短语be different from，意为“与……不同”。
differently 副词，意为“不同地”。
学会运用6: I know we think ______, but it doesn’t matter.
A. difference B. different
C. differently D. differences
学会运用7: Lucy’s junior high school teacher made a big ____________ (different) to her life. She wants to express her thanks to the teacher at the graduation ceremony.
C
difference
学会运用8: 每天坚持锻炼会对我们的健康产生影响。
Keeping doing exercise every day will ____________ ____________ ____________ to our health.
学会运用9: 春天的天气和冬天的不同。（翻译句子）
____________________________________________________________________________
make a difference
The weather in spring is different from that
in winter.
3 sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感觉v. 意识到；感觉到（教材P27）
(观察)· He has a strong sense of hearing. He can hear a pin
drop. 他的听觉很强。他能听见针掉在地上的声音。
· Dogs are loyal animals. In that sense, they are like best friends. 狗是忠诚的动物。从那个意义上说，它们就像最好的朋友一样。
· He is sensible enough to realize the importance of hard work. 他足够明智，能意识到努力工作的重要性。
· She has a sensitive skin that easily reacts to sunlight.
她的皮肤很敏感，容易对阳光产生反应。
· I sensed that something was wrong as soon as I went in.
我一进去便觉得有点不对劲。
归纳拓展
sense 作可数名词，意为“感觉”。常见用法：
（1）the sense of sight/hearing/taste/touch 视/听/味/触觉；（2）in that sense 从那个意义上说。
相关词形：sensible adj. 合理的；明智的
sensitive adj. 敏感的；灵敏的
sense 还可作动词，意为“意识到，感觉到”。
学会运用10: He has a strong s of responsibility.
学会运用11: That seems to be a __________ (sense) idea.
学会运用12: The instrument is highly _____________ (sense) to changes in temperature.
学会运用13: 在那种意义上，我们都是相互联系的。
________ ________ ________, we are all connected.
ense
sensible
sensitive
In that sense
4 less /les/ adj. 较少的；更少的 adv. 较少地；更少地
pron. 较少；更少（教材P27）
(观察)· There is less homework today. 今天作业比较少。
· We need less time to finish this task.
我们完成这个任务需要的时间更少了。
· He eats less now than he did when he was younger.
他现在吃得比他年轻时少了。
· I have less money than I thought I did. 我的钱比我以为的要少。
归纳拓展
less 是little 的比较级，作形容词，意为“较少的;更少的”，修饰不可数名词。
作副词，意为“较少地；更少地”，修饰形容词或副词构成比较级，也可修饰动词。
作代词，意为“较少；更少”，用于代替前面提到的数量或事物，表示其中的一部分或全部但数量较少。
辨析: less, fewer 与 more
less “更少”，little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词。 e.g. You’d better eat less junk food. 你最好少吃些垃圾食品。
fewer “更少”，few 的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。 e.g. I have fewer books than my brother. 我的书比我哥哥的少。
more “更多”，many/much的比较级，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。 e.g. I want to have more friends and money. 我想拥有更多的朋友和金钱。
学会运用14: —If there are ________ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution.
—Yes, and the air will be fresher.
A. less; less B. less; fewer
C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less
学会运用15: —Can you give me some advice on how to be slimmer
—Eat ________ (little) meat and ________ (few) cakes.
D
less fewer
学会运用16: After eating the healthy snacks, I wanted ________ (few) cookies and ________ (much) fruit, and I felt ________ (little) hungry.
学会运用17: 我今天的作业比昨天少。（翻译句子）
___________________________________________
fewer
more
less
I have less homework today than yesterday.
5 opinion / 'p nj n/ n. 看法；意见（教材P27）
(观察)· He has a different opinion about the problem.
关于这个问题，他有不同的观点。
· Everyone had an opinion about the subject.
大家对这个问题都有自己的看法。
· In my opinion, they are encouraged to voice their opinions.= According to me, they are encouraged to voice their opinions. 依我看，他们被鼓励发表自己的意见。
归纳拓展
opinion 作可数名词，意为“意见；看法”，固定短语in one’s opinion =according to sb. 意为“在某人看来”。
学会运用18: Tom and I hold the same o (观点). I totally agree with him.
学会运用19: ______ my opinion, we should be proud of our country.
A. For B. At C. In D. Of
学会运用20: 在我看来，游览北京最好的时间是秋天。
________ ________ ________, the best time to visit Beijing is autumn.
pinion
C
In my opinion
6 direct /d 'rekt; da 'rekt/adj. 率直的；直接的（教材P27）
(观察)· This is the direct effect. 这是直接的影响。
· Sarah is a direct person. She always tells the truth.
莎拉是一个率直的人，她总是说实话。
· When you ask for help, be direct about what you need.
当你寻求帮助时，要直接说出你需要什么。
· Can you direct me to the nearest bus stop
你能指引我去最近的公共汽车站吗？
· Could you tell me where I can meet the director
你能告诉我在哪儿能见到经理吗？
· After failing to realize her dream in Xinjiang, Li had to come back to her hometown and tried to find a new direction for herself. 李在新疆未能实现梦想后，不得不回到家乡，努力为自己寻找新的方向。
·We flew direct to Hong Kong. 我们直飞香港。
归纳拓展
direct 的一词多义：
作形容词，意为“率直的；直接的”，作定语或表语；direct +-ly= directly adv.“率直地；直接地”。
作动词，意为“导演；指导；指示”，后接名词或代词作宾语，direct sb. to do sth. 意为“指示某人做某事”。
归纳拓展
（1）direct + -or=director, 为名词，意为“导演；经理”
（2）direct + -ion=direction, 为名词，意为“方向；指导”，常见短语：in all directions 四面八方
作副词，意为“径直；直接”（不经中间环节）。它通常强调物理路径的直线性或无中介性。
学会运用21: She has a _________ (率直的) personality. She always says what she thinks.
学会运用22: The wind blew _________ (direct) into our faces.
学会运用23: The teacher directed the students _________ (clean) the classroom after school.
学会运用24: 这是去公园的一条直线路线。
This is _________ _________ _________ to the park.
direct
directly
to clean
a direct route
7 similarity /s m 'l r ti/ n. 相似之处（教材P27）
(观察)· The similarity between the two dresses is their colour. 这两条连衣裙的相似之处是它们的颜色。
· They have similarities in their way of studying.
他们的学习方式有相似之处。
· The two stories have similar plots, but the endings are
different. 这两个故事有相似的情节，但结局不同。
· The weather in spring and autumn is similar. They are both dry and windy.
春天和秋天的天气很相似，都是干燥多风。
· This book is similar to that one. 这本书和那本书相似。
· The two brothers are similar in appearance.
这两兄弟在外貌上很相似。
归纳拓展
similarity 作可数名词，意为“相似之处”，其形容词形式为similar 意为“相似的，近似的，类似的”。
固定搭配：
（1）have similarities in... 在……方面有相似之处
（2）be similar to... 与……相似
（3）be similar in... 在……方面相似
学会运用25: By nature, men are nearly s . By practice, they get to be wide apart.（性相近，习相远。）
学会运用26: These two pictures have a lot of ___________ (相似之处).
学会运用27: 琳达像她父亲。他们都很外向。(similar)
___________________________ They are both outgoing.
imilar
similarities
Linda is similar to her father.
8 friendship /'frend p/ n. 友谊；友情（教材P27）
(观察)· Friendship is important because it makes us feel happy and not lonely.
友谊很重要，因为它让我们感到快乐，不孤单。
· True friendship lasts forever, even when we are far away from each other. 真正的友谊是永恒的，即使我们彼此远隔千里。
· Friendship is like a bridge that connects two hearts.
友谊就像一座连接两颗心的桥梁。
归纳拓展
friendship 是名词，意为“友谊; 友情”。
friend n. 朋友
friendly adj. 友好的 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
unfriendly adj. 不友好的
一语辨异 My friends are always friendly to me except
Tom, who is unfriendly to me sometimes. 我的朋友总是对我很友好，除了汤姆有时对我不友好之外。
~~~~ ~~~~~
~~~~~~~
学会运用28: My father and Uncle Wang have been good friends for many years, and their ____________ (友谊) is very strong.
学会运用29: It’s important to be ___________ (friend) to new students so that they won’t feel lonely.
学会运用30: 时光飞逝！我们不得不说再见，但我将永远记住我们的友谊。
How time flies! We have to say goodbye, but I will __________ __________ __________ _________.
friendship
friendly
remember our friendship forever
9 expect / k'spekt/ v. 预料；期待（教材P28）
(观察)· I expect him to help me with my English.
我期待他在英语方面帮助我。
· We expect that he will come back soon. 我们期待他能很快回来。
· He expects himself to get good grades in the test.
他期待自己考试取得好成绩。
· The sudden rain was completely unexpected.
这场突如其来的雨完全是意料之外的。
归纳拓展
expect v.“预料；期待；猜想”，可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。
expect 的常见用法：
（1）expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
（2）expect + that 从句 期待或预计某件事情发生
（3）expect + 反身代词 + 不定式 期望自己做某事
（4）unexpected 是形容词，意为“意外的；出乎意料的”。
学会运用31: The composer created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng, but he didn’t ___________ (预料) the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.
学会运用32: Teachers expect all their students _________ progress day by day.
A. make B. to make C. to take D. take
expect
B
学会运用33: [武汉改编]人们期待人工智能成为更强大的生产工具。
People ________ AI ________ ________ a more
powerful production tool.
expect to be
10 touch /t t / v. 触动；触碰（教材P29）
(观察)· Don’t touch the animals in the zoo.
在动物园里不要触摸动物。
· The movie touched us deeply.
那部电影深深地打动了我们。
· The report touched on several important issues.
这篇报告提及了几个重要问题。
· We keep in touch by email.
我们通过电子邮件保持联系。
· I feel out of touch with modern fashion.
我觉得与现代时尚脱节了。
· The movie has a touching ending.
这部电影有一个感人的结局。
归纳拓展
touch 动词，意为“触动；触碰；感动”。常见用法：
touch on/upon 意为“谈及；提及”。
touch 还可作名词，意为“触；触感”，固定搭配：
（1）keep in touch (with) 保持联系
（2）out of touch (with) 失去联系
相关词形：touching adj. 感人的
学会运用34: —Dear, put the knives out of the kids’ _______!
—OK. I’ll do it right away. It’s quite necessary to keep safe.
A. touch B. feeling C. look
学会运用35:在我们科学课上，老师提及了动物这个话题。
The teacher _________ _________ the topic of animals in our science class.
A
touched on
学会运用36: 我每周都通过电话和爷爷奶奶保持联系。
I _________ _________ _________ _________ my grandparents by phone every week.
keep in touch with
1 thanks to 归功于；由于；因为（教材P27）
(观察)· Thanks to my friend’s help, I found my lost book.
多亏我朋友的帮助，我找到了丢失的书。
· Thanks to the rain, the flowers are blooming beautifully.
因为这场雨，花儿绽放得非常漂亮。
· I didn’t go to school yesterday because of my headache.
昨天我因为头疼没去上学。
探究二 核心短语
· Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.
由于下雨，比赛被取消了。
· She missed the bus due to getting up late.
她因为起床晚了而错过了公交车。
· Thanks for your kind words of encouragement.
感谢你的鼓励话语。
归纳拓展
thanks to 是一个表达感激和因果关系的常用短语，有时可以与owing to 或due to 等短语互换使用，但它们在语气上可能略有不同。thanks to 常用于强调积极原因；owing to 用于正式或半正式场合；due to 多用于正式场合，与owing to 相似。
thanks for 最基本的意思是“感谢……”，与thank you相比，thanks for 更侧重于说明感谢的具体原因或内容。而thank you 可以单独使用，也可以后跟具体的感谢内容。
学会运用1: 从方框中选择适当的词填空
of, due, for, to
(1)We had a great picnic thanks ________ the sunny weather.
(2) I couldn’t go to the park because ________ the rain.
(3) The game was put off ________ to the heavy rain.
(4) Thanks ________ inviting me to your birthday party.
to
of
due
for
学会运用2: 因为你的建议，我能够按时完成作业。
_________ _________ your advice, I was able to finish my homework on time.
Thanks to
2 make a mistake 犯错误（教材P27）
(观察)· I made a mistake in my math homework yesterday, but I corrected it later. 昨天我做数学作业时犯了个错，但后来我改正了。
· Don’t be afraid to make a mistake when you are learning something new. 学习新东西时不要害怕犯错。
· I took her book by mistake, but I didn’t mean to.
我错拿了她的书，但我不是故意的。
· He deleted an important file by mistake on his computer.
他误删了电脑上的一个重要文件。
归纳拓展
make a mistake/mistakes (in sth.)（在某方面）犯错误
by mistake 错误地（不是故意地）
学会运用3: I put sugar in my coffee instead of cream _______ mistake.
A. at B. by C. in D. for
学会运用4: Lily is very careful so she seldom makes m .
学会运用5: 好的学习者不害怕犯错。
Good learners are not afraid of __________ __________.
B
istakes
making mistakes
3 by accident 偶然；意外地（教材P28）
(观察)· She broke the vase by accident while cleaning the room.
她在打扫房间时意外地打破了花瓶。
· She stepped on his toe by accident. 她无意中踩到了他的脚趾。
· He found the lost watch by chance while cleaning the room.
他在打扫房间时偶然找到了丢失的手表。
· I met an old friend by chance at the airport.
我在机场偶然遇见了一位老朋友。
归纳拓展
by accident 意为“偶然；意外地”，其同义短语是 by chance。
学会运用6: I met her ___________ accident in a crowded bus yesterday afternoon.
A. on B. with C. to D. by
学会运用7: 令人惊讶的是，一些科学发现是偶然发现的。
Surprisingly, some scientific discoveries were made __________ __________.
D
by accident
4 care about 关心；担心（教材P29）
(观察)· My parents care about my health. 我的父母关心我的健康。
· She cares about not doing well in her math test.
她担心自己在数学考试中考不好。
· I don’t really care for tea. 我不太喜欢喝茶。
· She doesn’t care about her children at all. 她根本不关心她的孩子们。
· You should take care of yourself. 你应该照顾自己。
· Take care not to fall into the river. 当心不要掉进河里。
归纳拓展
care about 意为“关心；担心”，care 在此处作动词，意为“在意；关注”。
care 的常见用法如下：
（1）动词，意为“在意；担忧；关心”。
care for 十分喜欢；照顾 care about 关心；在意
（2）名词，意为“照顾；护理”。
take care of 照顾；照看 take care 当心；小心
学会运用8: This year marks Earth Day’s 56th birthday. It was created to remind people to ________ the earth—the home to all the living things.
A. talk about B. care about
C. hear about D. clear out
B
学会运用9: 我们的政府制定了一些法律来关心留守儿童。
Our government made some laws __________ __________ __________ the left-behind kids.
to
care about
5 reach for 伸手触碰（教材P29）
(观察)· I reached for my glass of water when I felt thirsty.
当我感到口渴时，我伸手去拿我的水杯。
· She reached for her schoolbag to get her homework out.
她伸手去拿书包，准备拿出作业。
· When her friend fell down, she reached out to help him up.
当她的朋友摔倒时，她伸出援手帮助他站起来。
· We reached the top of the mountain after three hours of climbing.
我们经过三小时的攀登，终于到达了山顶。
归纳拓展
reach for 伸手触碰
reach out 提供援助
reach 动词，意为“到达；抵达”。
学会运用10: 用for 或out 填空
(1) He reached __________ the ball rolling away, but it was too fast.
(2) The boy reached __________ to give the dog a treat.
学会运用11: 她伸手去够架子顶上的苹果，但太高了（够不着）。
She __________ __________ the apple on the top shelf, but it was too high.
for
out
reached for
6 lend (sb.) a hand 帮助(某人)（教材P29）
(观察)· Can you lend me a hand with my homework
你能帮我做一下我的作业吗？
· I’m carrying a lot of bags. Could you lend me a hand
我拿了很多袋子。你能帮我一下吗？
· Can you lend me five pounds 你可以借给我五英镑吗？
· Can you lend me your bike this weekend
这个周末你能把你的自行车借给我吗？
· I borrowed some money from a friend. 我从一个朋友那里借了些钱。
归纳拓展
lend (sb.) a hand 意为“帮助（某人）”，lend 在此处作动词，意为“给予（帮助）”。
lend 还可意为“借出；借给”，通常和to 搭配。lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 意为“把某物借给某人”。
反义词为borrow，意为“借入；借来”，通常和from 搭配。 borrow sth. from sb./ some place 意为“从某人或某处借来某物”。
学会运用12: 用borrow 或lend 的适当形式填空
(1) I __________ the book from the library and plan to keep it until next Friday.
(2) I want to __________ the novel from you and __________ you this magazine in return.
borrowed
borrow
lend
学会运用13: 当妈妈在做饭时，我喜欢帮她摆桌子。
When Mom is cooking, I like to _________ _________ __________ __________ by setting the table.
lend
her a hand
I think a good friend is like a mirror. 我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。
(教材P26)
(分析结构) 这是一个含宾语从句的复合句。I think 是主句，其中I 是主语，think 是谓语。a good friend is like a mirror 是宾语从句，且是一个主系表结构的简单句。从句中，a good friend 是主语，is 是系动词，like a mirror 是介词短语作表语。本句省略了连词that, 其否定句为I don’t think a good friend is like a mirror.。
~~~~~~~~~~~
探究三 核心句式
~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~
~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~
~~
· I believe a beautiful sunset is like a painter’s masterpiece.
我认为美丽的日落就像画家的杰作。
· The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
· I don’t know why he didn’t come to school today.
我不知道他今天为什么没来上学。
归纳拓展
该句结构：主句（主语+ 谓语）（+ 连接词）+ 宾语从句（主语+ 系动词+ 表语）。
在谓语是think 时，有否定前移一说，即其否定句是：I don’t think... 注意宾语从句要用陈述语序。
学会运用1: I t that the sky is blue.
学会运用2: 我认为阅读很有趣。（翻译句子）
_________________________________________
学会运用3: 我认为朋友之间应该总是坦诚相待。
__________ __________ __________ __________ should always be honest with each other.
hink
I think that reading is fun.
I think that friends(共54张PPT)
Project & Reflecting
Unit 3 Same or Different
*Project
See who changed the most
4a Did you change a lot after you entered junior high school Let's see!
Physical
Mental
Study
Sports
Other
Personal Growth
4b Answer the questions and then ask your partner’s opinions about your changes after you entered your junior high school. Are your answers similar or different
Growth
area Question My
answer Partner’s
answer
Physical Am I taller / stronger / ... than last year
Mental Am l more confident /... than last year
Study Do l study more efficiently/... than
last year
Sports Do l play sport better/... than last year
Other
4c Create your growth chart. Give examples. Add photos or videos if possible.
4d Share your growth chart in class. What did you learn about yourself Who changed the most in your class
Reflecting
1. What words and expressions can you use to make comparisons
2. How can we benefit from each other’s similarities and differences
3. How should you treat people who are different from you
4. Is being different a good thing Why
We are different, but we can be stronger together.
自主学习 语法现象
写出下列句子中的比较级
1. Lily and I both like sports, but she plays tennis better than me.
___________________
2. My brother is two years younger than me, but he is as tall as me.
___________________
better
younger, as tall as
3. The more exercises you do, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
___________________
4. After that, I started singing to myself as loudly as I could in my own room.
___________________
5. My brother is more hard-working than my sister.
___________________
more, fewer
as loudly as
more hard-working
考点1 形容词或副词的比较级构成的变化规则
1. 规则变化：
形容词或副词的比较级
合作探究 语法考点
类别 规则 示例
单音节词和
部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er high—higher tall—taller
以字母e 结尾的词，在词尾加-r nice—nicer large—larger
fine—finer
类别 规则 示例
单音节词和
部分双音节词 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er big—bigger
hot—hotter
fat—fatter
以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er heavy—heavier
easy—easier
early—earlier
多音节词和
部分双音节词 在词前加more outgoing—more outgoing
beautiful—more beautiful
拓展：形容词前加more 构成比较级的情况：
（1）多音节形容词，more popular；
（2）以-ful 或-less 结尾的形容词，more careful/careless；
（3）动词的现在分词或过去分词充当形容词，more boring，more tired；
（4）某些以-ly 结尾的形容词前可加more，也可变“y”为“i”，再加-er，more friendly/friendlier。
2. 不规则变化：
good/well — better many/much — more
bad/badly — worse little — less
far — farther/further
考点2 用法
1. “A + 谓语动词+ 比较级+ than + B.”意为“A 比B 更……”。
· Dean is taller than Mike (is). 迪安比迈克高。
· He works much harder than I (do). 他比我工作努力得多。
敲黑板
than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词；该动词或助动词也可以省略。
2. “Which/Who + be 动词 + 形容词比较级，A or B ”意为“哪一个/ 谁更……，A 还是B ”。
·Which is better, the blue one or the red one
哪一个更好，蓝的还是红的？
3. “比较级+ and + 比较级”或“more and more + 原级”意为“越来越……”。
·The little girl is more and more beautiful.
这个小女孩越来越漂亮了。
4. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”意为“越……，越……”。
·The higher you stand, the farther you will see.
站得越高，看得越远。
5. “A +be动词+the+比较级+ of the two.”意为“A 是两者之中更……的”。
·Liu Li is the taller of the two. 刘丽是这两个人中较高的那个。
特别提醒：
使用比较级时，比较的对象必须一致。有时为了避免重复，可以用that 或those代替前面出现过的词。
· The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai in winter.
在冬季，北京的天气比上海的天气更冷。
7. 同级比较
表示双方情况“一模一样”，用“as + 形容词或副词的原级+ as”结构；表示双方情况“不（那么）一样”，用“not so / as + 形容词或副词原级+ as”结构。
·My package is as heavy as yours.
我的包裹与你的（包裹）一样重。
·His bedroom is not as/so neat as his elder sister’s.
他的卧室没有他姐姐的（卧室）整洁。
拓展：可修饰比较级的词：修饰一方超过另一方的“程度”时可用a little/a bit，much，a lot， even，far 等词。
·I feel much better now. 我现在感觉好多了。
特别提醒：
比较级不能用very, so, too 等修饰。
对点突破 语法专练
一 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Who sings ______________ (clearly)，Tom or Nancy
2. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the __________ (good).
3. Everyone thinks Peter is __________ (funny) than his brother.
4. Mr. Green’s second son is as __________ (smart) as his first son.
5. My grandpa and grandma are eighty years old, but my grandma is much __________ (healthy).
more clearly
better
funnier
smart
healthier
二 单项选择
6. Tony is ________ more hard -working than before. He gets better grades in math.
A. very B. much C. lots of D. a few
7. —Which drink do you like ________, coffee or tea
—Tea, of course.
A. well B. good C. better D. best
B
C
8. I’m sorry this coat is not big enough for me. I want a ________ one.
A. big B. bigger C. small D. smaller
9. —Many boy students think math is ________ geography.
—I agree. I’m not good at geography.
A. much difficult than B. as difficult as
C. less difficult than D. more difficult than
B
C
10. My mother is hard-working. ________ she does for my family, ________ she feels.
A. More; happier B. The much; the happy
C. The more; the happier D. The most; the happier
C
三 短文填空（语篇练语法）
My name is Julia. I have a twin sister. Her name is Lisa. My hair is short, but she has 11. __________ (long) hair than me. Many people think we must be similar to each other. In fact, there are many differences between us. Lisa is 12. __________ (quiet) than me. When my parents’ friends come to our house, Lisa often sits on the sofa and says nothing. But I’d like to talk with them loudly.
longer
quieter
Lisa likes reading, drawing and cooking, but I enjoy playing volleyball, so she is not 13. __________ good at sports as me. However, Lisa always gets 14. __________ (good) grades than me at school, so my parents often say to me, “Although Lisa is 15. __________ (young) than you, she is 16. _________________ (hard-working), and you should learn from her.” But in some ways we are the same. For example, we both like going shopping and listening to music. I like my twin sister. The differences between us make our life much 17. _______________ (colourful).
as/so
better
younger
more hard-working
more colourful
写作维度
本单元的话题是“谈论人物的不同并发表观点”。谈论人物的异同可以从外貌特征和性格特征两方面着手。外貌特征指个子高矮、头发长短、体重轻重等；性格特征指待人接物的方式、聪明程度、个人喜好等。
写作支架/ 模板
谈论人物的不同并发表观点 引出谈论对象
描述异同点
表达观点
黄金语料（从教材内外积累好句）
开头段
① A good friend is like a mirror.
② I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different from me.
③ We are similar to each other in many ways.
中间段
① He/She is the same as...
②He/She is (not) as/so smart/friendly/hard-working/serious as...
③ We always help each other when we have problems.
④ They both have long straight hair. And they’re both friendly.
⑤ We have a lot in common. Both of us have short black hair and love outdoor activities.
⑥ I’m good at art, but Nick is talented in science and math.
⑦ She’s less outgoing than me, but she studies harder and always gets better grades than I do.
结尾段
① Friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.
② A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
③ Friendship is like a lifelong treasure for us.
经典例题（从经典例题中学会审题）
友谊是冬天里的一杯热茶，是夏天里的一缕清风，是秋天里的一句问候。友谊是黑暗中的明灯，是快乐时的分享，是忧伤时的安慰。你校校刊英语专栏以“My Friend and I”为话题发起征文，请你从外貌、性格、生活习惯、爱好等方面描述你和你的朋友。参考信息：
人称：第一人称
审体裁：记叙文
审时态：一般现在时
审要点：个人信息介绍、介绍朋友、
介绍自己、描述共同点并总结
My friend
long straight hair
taller than...
quiet and hard-working
a good listener
never stay up late
like reading
We both...
friendly
help each other
I
thinner than...
outgoing and funny
be talented in music
exercise twice a week
like watching TV
精彩范文展示
My Friend and I
My name is Jane. I want to tell you something about my friend and me.
My friend Linda has long straight hair. She is taller than me. She is quiet and hard-working. She gets better grades than me. She is a good listener. When I am in trouble, I always talk to her.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
教材原句 ①He plays badminton better than I do. （教材P26）
And then she usually gives me some useful advice. Linda never stays up late. She likes reading. She thinks reading can make her happy.
How about me I am thinner than Linda. I am outgoing and funny. I am talented in music. I am good at playing the piano. I like sports and I exercise twice a week. I think doing sports is good for me. In the evening, I like watching TV.
Linda and I are both friendly. We often help each other. She is as hard-working as me. We are really good friends.
~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~
教材原句 ② He is as serious as me. （教材P26）
【亮点词块】 be talented in 在某方面有天赋
stay up late熬夜
【高分句子】
· When I am in trouble, I always talk to her. (When引导时间状语从句)当我遇到麻烦时，我总是和她说话。
· I think doing sports is good for me. （宾语从句）
我认为做运动对我有好处。
实战演练
朋友是我们生命中最美的相遇，他们温暖了我们的心灵。学校英语角即将开展一次以“My Best Friend”为题的演讲活动。假如你是李华，Peter 是你的好朋友，请写一篇英文演讲稿来介绍他。
内容包括： 1. Introduce your best friend;
2. Similarities and differences;
3. Your opinions about making friends。
注意： 1. 文中不能出现真实的校名、人名等相关信息；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 词数：80 左右。
My Best Friend
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
范文参考
My Best Friend
Everyone has friends in the world. Peter, a tall 14-year-old boy with short black hair and a big smile on his face, is my best friend.
We are both talented in music. He has the same hobbies as me. That’s why we are friends. Therefore, we often play basketball and sing together. He is more popular than I am, but not as hard-working as I am. He is good at math, while I do better in English.
He is a helpful person who is always ready to help others. At school, he cares about me and always makes me laugh when I feel sad.
I don’t care if we are the same or different because friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.
Thanks for listening.
重点单词
1. compare v.比较；对比
→ compare A with/ to B 把A 与B 对比
（常用于两个同类事物之间的具体比较）
→ compared with/to 与……类似
→ compare A to B 把A比作B（表比喻）
2. shy adj.害羞的
→ shyly adv.害羞地→ shyness n.害羞
3. lazy adj.懒惰的；懒洋洋的 → lazier(比较级)、 laziest(最高级)
→ lazily adv.懒惰地 → laziness n.懒惰
4. loud adv.响亮地 adj.大声的
→ loud作副词时，强调声音响亮，常与动词speak, talk, say, laugh 等连用。
→ loud作形容词时，其反义词为quiet “安静的”。
→ aloud adv. “出声地；大声地”，强调能让人听得见。
→ loudly adv. “大声地”,有时可与loud通用,但含有“喧闹”的意味。
5. outgoing adj.外向的
6. hard-working adj.勤奋的
7. perform v.表演；执行
→ perform well/poorly表现得好/不好
→ performance n.表演
→ performer n.表演者
8. alone adj.& adv.独自；单独
9. solve v.解决；解答
→ solve a problem解决问题
→ solution n.解决
10. congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜
→ congratulations to sb. on sth. 因某事向某人表示祝贺
11. prize n.奖；奖励
→ award first prize 授予一等奖
12. attend v.参加；出席
→ attend a meeting/ lecture/ class 参加会议/讲座/课程
→ attend school/ university上学/上大学
13. besides prep. 除……之外（还）adv.而且
14. pleasure n.乐事；愉快；荣幸
→ It’s a pleasure to do sth.做某事很愉快。
15. personality n.性格；品质
→ person n.人；个人
→ personal adj.个人的；私人的
16. serious adj.严肃的；严重的
→ seriously adv.严重地
17. slim adj.苗条的；薄的 → a slim figure苗条的身材
18. fact n.事实；现实 → in fact事实上
19. population n.人口
→ the population of... ……的人口
→ a large/ small population大量/少量人口
→ population growth/decline 人口增长/减少
20. average adj.平均的；平常的 n.平均数；平均水准
→above/ below average高于/低于平均水平
→the average of... ……的平均值
→average score/ height/ weight 平均分/平均身高/平均体重
21. pleasant adj. 宜人的；友好的
→a pleasant surprise/ experience/ journey
令人愉快的惊喜/ 经历/ 旅程
→have a pleasant time 过得愉快
22. interest n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣
→interesting adj. 有趣的
→interested adj. 感兴趣的
→be interested in 对……感兴趣
→places of interest 名胜
23. difference n. 差异 →different adj. 不同的
→be different from 与……不同
→differently adv. 不同地；相异地
24. sense n. 理解力；感觉 v. 意识到；感觉到
25. humour n. 幽默；幽默感
→humorous adj. 幽默的
26. opinion n. 看法；意见
→in one’s opinion 在某人看来
→stick to one’s opinion 坚持某人的看法
27. honest adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 →honesty n. 诚实
→honestly adv. 诚实地 →dishonest adj. 不诚实的
28. direct adj. 率直的；直接的
29. similarity n. 相似之处
→similar adj. 相似的
→similarly adv. 相似地
30. friendship n. 友谊；友情
31. character n. 人物；个性
32. expect v. 预料；期待
→expect ...to do sth. 预料/ 期待……做某事
→expect + that 从句 预料……
→expect + 反身代词 + to do sth. 期望（某人）自己做某事
→unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的
33. touch v. 触动；碰触
→v. 感动 n. 接触；触摸
→be touched by 被……打动
→keep in touch 保持联系
→get in / lose touch 取得
→ touching adj. 感人的
重点短语
1. as...as... 像……一样…… 2. spare time 空闲时间
3. have sth. in common 有共同之处
4. thanks to 归功于；由于；因为
5. make a mistake 犯错误 6. by accident 偶然；意外地
7. care about 关心；担心 8. reach for 伸手触碰
9. lend sb. a hand 帮助（某人）
重点句子
1. Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival!
恭喜你们在学校音乐节上获奖！
2. I am a little shorter than you, but I can run faster than you.
我比你矮一点，但我跑得比你快。
3. Is Julie slimmer than you 朱莉比你苗条吗？
4. He is as serious as me. 他和我一样严肃。
5. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真正的朋友会向你伸出援手，触动你的心灵。(共99张PPT)
Section A
Unit 3 Same or Different
1a Match each word with its opposite.
fast outgoing/'a tɡ /
shy/ a / boring
late short
tall quiet
lazy/'le zi/ early
loud/la d/ slow
funny hard-working/hɑ d 'w k /
1b Listen to the conversations. Tick the locations where the conversations take place.
Conversation 1: at the music club
at the music festival
Conversation 2: at the music club
at the music festival
√
√
1c Listen to the conversations again and complete the sentences.
1. Peter and Chen Jie are talking about the ___________________. Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone/ 'l n/ so they solve the problem by playing a song _________.
2. Mrs Brown and Peter are talking about _________ and _________show.
school music festival
together
Ella
Emma’s
1d Listen to the two conversations again. Match the characters with the correct descriptions.
Chen Jie
Peter
Emma
Ella
·plays the Chinese flute better
·is more outgoing
·is shyer
·works harder
·is taller
·has longer hair
·sings louder
·dances better
略
1e Use the information from 1d to make comparisons.
ls Ella taller than Emma
Who dances better, Ella or Emma
No, she is shorter than Emma.
...
Pronunciation
1 Listen and repeat. Add one more word to each group. （答案不唯一）
/ / / /
er ir ur ear a e o er, or
term
person
______ first
dirty
_____ nurse
Thursday
_______ early
learn
____ about
agree
_____ quiet
moment
_______ together
compare
_______ number
doctor
______
perfect
bird
purple
earth
above
children
today
actor
2 Listen and repeat. Notice the intonation.
1. A: You know Ella and Emma They won the first prize in the school music festival.
B: Ella and Emma They did
A: Yes. They did.
2. Parent: How was school today
Child: I took part in the school music festival.
Parent: Today You did I thought the festival would be tomorrow.
Child: No. Today.
2a Han Lin is interviewing Emma and Ella for the school newspaper. Listen to their conversation and fill in the blanks.
Han Lin: Congratulations/k nɡr t u'le nz/ on winning the prize/pra z/ at the school music festival!
The twins: Thank you!
Han Lin: You attended / 'tend d/ the festival last year and this year. How is this year different
Ella: There are more students and more _________ this year. I think it is more _________ than last year.
Han Lin: As twins, you look very similar. How are you different
Emma: I’m a little _________ than Ella. And she is funnier than me.
Ella: Emma always _________ earlier than me. Many people say I’m lazier than Emma, but that’s not true! I work as hard as her!
~~~~
funny 的比较级
~~~
lazy 的比较级
activities
colourful
quieter
gets up
Han Lin: That’s really interesting. Besides /b 'sa dz/ _________, how do you both spend your spare/spe (r)/ time
Ella: I love ______________ more than anything.
Emma: I like reading. You see, we’re different in many ways, but together, we make a great team!
Han Lin: Thanks for talking with me.
The twins: Our pleasure /'ple (r)/!
~~~~~~~
注意区分,“Our/My pleasure.”常用于回答表示感谢的语句；“With pleasure.”用于愉快地答应对方的请求或邀请。
singing
playing sports
2b Read the conversation and answer the questions.
1. What does Ella think of the festival
2. What do Emma and Ella have in common
Ella/ She thinks the festival is more colourful this year.
Emma and Ella/ They both participated in the school music festival last year and this year. They look very similar. They are both hard-working.
3. How are they different
4. What do you think makes Emma and Ella a great team
Emma is a little quieter than Ella, and Ella is funnier than Emma. Emma always gets up earlier than Ella. Ella loves playing sports to spend her spare time, while Emma likes reading.
I think that although they are different in many ways, they have common goals, and support each other.（答案不唯一）
2c Listen to the conversation again. Then role-play it.
2d How can we make a comparison Add words to each aspect.
Appearance / 'p r ns/ Personality/p s 'n l ti/
·tall ·quiet
·strong ·outgoing
·short hair ·serious/'s ri s/
... ...
略
Habit Strength/stre θ/
·get up early ·run fast
·work hard ·sing well
... ...
2e Compare yourself with a partner using your ideas from 2d. Then answer the questions below.
A: I’m taller than you.
B: That’s true. I am a little shorter than you, but I can run faster than you.
A: Yes. I’m as hard-working as you, but you read more than me.
...
略
·How are you different from each other
·What do you have in common
·What can you learn from each other
Grammar Focus
3a Read the sentences and notice the comparatives in bold. Find more examples in Section A.
略
There are more activities this year. It is more colourful than last year.
Emma is taller than Ella, but her hair is shorter than Ella's.
Ella dances better than Emma, but Emma sings louder than her.
Emma always gets up earlier than me, but l work as hard as her!
3b Use the words in brackets to write questions and answers.
1. Q: Is Julie slimmer than you ( Julie / slim/sl m/ / you)
A: No, she isn’t. She is as slim as me.
2. Q: ____________________________________________
(you / serious / your cousin)
A: No, I’m not. I am ____________ than he is.
Are you as serious as your cousin
less serious
3. Q: ___________________________ (Tom / smart / Sam)
A: No, I don’t think so. I think Sam is as ___________ as Tom.
4. Q: ____________________________________
(Jack / swim / fast / Sally)
A: No, he doesn't. He swims as ___________ as Sally.
Is Tom smarter than Sam
smart
Does Jack swim faster than Sally
fast
3c Look at the chart. Then complete the sentences to compare Guangzhou and Chicago. Use the words in the box and than .
Facts /f kts/ Guangzhou Chicago
Population / p pju'le n/ (2023) 18.827 million 2.664 million
Area 7,436 square km 589 square km
Average/' v r d /
rainfall per/p (r)/ year 1,923 mm 910 mm
Average January temperature 16℃ -6℃
Average July temperature 31℃ 23℃
1. The population of Chicago was ___________ that of Guangzhou in 2023.
2. In area, Guangzhou is ___________ Chicago.
3. If you don’t like rain, you may like Chicago’s weather ____________ Guangzhou’s.
4. Guangzhou has a pleasant /'pleznt/ temperature in January. It is much ______________ Chicago in January.
5. Chicago is ____________ Guangzhou in July.
large small much warm cool
smaller than
larger than
more than
warmer than
cooler than
1 compare /k m pe (r)/ v. 比较；对比（教材P21）
(观察)· She compared her old car with the new one and found the new one more fuel-efficient. 她把自己的旧车与新车进行了比较，发现新车更省油。
· Compare the weather in London with the weather in Paris.
比较伦敦和巴黎的天气。
· The poet compared love to a rose, fragrant but thorny.
诗人将爱情比作玫瑰，芬芳却带刺。
探究一 核心单词
归纳拓展 compare 动词，意为“比较”或“对比”。
compare 的用法：
（1）compare A with/to B 把A 与B 对比，常用于两个同类事物之间的具体比较。
（2）compare with/to 与……类似
（3）compare A to B 把A 比作B，常用于两个不同性质的事物的抽象比较（表比喻）。
学会运用1: ________________ (比较) with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with healthier and cheaper dishes now.
学会运用2: 我们常把老师比喻成蜡烛。
We often __________ a teacher __________ a candle.
学会运用3: 在迈克小时候，他的妈妈总是把他和其他的孩子做比较。
Mike’s mother always ___________ him __________ other children when he was young.
Compared
compare to
compared with
2 shy / a / adj. 害羞的（教材P22）
(观察)· She is a shy girl who always keeps to herself.
她是一个害羞的女孩，总是独来独往。
· Tom often starts a conversation with a shy smile.
汤姆经常害羞地笑着开始谈话。
·He smiled shyly at her. 他害羞地对她笑了笑。
· Despite her shyness, Jane still tries to make new friends at
school. 尽管简很害羞，但她还是尝试在学校结交新朋友。
归纳拓展
shy adj. 意为“害羞的”，在句中常作表语或定语。
shy 的副词形式是shyly，意为“害羞地”；名词形式是
shyness，意为“害羞”。
学会运用4: Don’t be __________ （害羞的） when you speak English in public.
学会运用5: Believe in yourself and you can overcome your __________ (shy).
学会运用6: [成都改编] 对于一个害羞的学生来说，在课堂上发表演讲需要勇气。
__________ __________ __________ __________, it takes courage to give a speech in class.
shy
shyness
For a shy student
3 lazy /'le zi/ adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的（教材P22）
(观察)· The cat is lazy and sleeps all day.
这只猫很懒，整天都在睡觉。
· He walked lazily down the street.
他懒洋洋地沿着街道走。
· His laziness has cost him his job.
他的懒惰让他失去了工作。
归纳拓展
lazy adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的。其副词形式是lazily，名词形式是laziness；其比较级和最高级分别为lazier，laziest。
学会运用7: I was feeling too l to go out.
学会运用8: This dog is _________ (lazy) than that one.
学会运用9: 我们在海滩上懒洋洋地度过了一天。
We spent _________ _________ _________ on the beach.
azy
lazier
a lazy day
4 loud /la d/ adv. 大声地 adj. 大声的（教材P22）
(观察)· “What are you doing here ” the giant cried in a loud voice.
巨人大声喊道：“你们在这里干什么？”
· Can you speak louder I can’t hear clearly. 你能说大声点吗 我听不清。
· He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信大声念给我们听。
· The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 观众听到这笑话大笑起来。
· Do you have to play that music so loud 你非得把音乐放那么响吗？
归纳拓展
loud 可以作形容词，意为“大声的”，还可以作副词，意为“响亮地”。作副词时，loud，aloud 与loudly 的区别用法如下：
易混词 用法
loud 意为“大声地；响亮地”，强调声音响亮。
aloud 意为“大声地；出声地”，强调为了使人听见而发声，音量不一定大，常与read 等词连用。无比较级和最高级形式。
loudly 意为“大声地；喧闹地”，可形容人声、敲门声或其他声音。是loud（大声的）的副词形式
学会运用10: Please read a to improve your pronunciation while learning English.
学会运用11: I heard someone knocking at the door _________ (loud).
学会运用12: The teacher listened to the children reading _______.
A. loudly B. loud C. aloud D. quiet
学会运用13: 事实胜于雄辩。（翻译句子）
_____________________________________________
loud
loudly
C
Actions speak louder than words.
5 outgoing /'a tɡ / adj. 外向的（教材P22 ）
(观察)· Mary is an outgoing girl.玛丽是一位外向的女孩。
· Among all the students in our class, Lily is the most outgoing.
在我们班所有的学生中，莉莉是最外向的。
·I am more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐姐更外向。
· She is a quiet girl who prefers to read alone.
她是一个安静的女孩，更喜欢独自阅读。
归纳拓展
outgoing 形容词，意为“外向的”，在句中常作表语或定语。 outgoing 的反义词是quiet，意为“安静的”；比较级和最高级分别是more outgoing 和the most outgoing。
学会运用14: During the party, the _______________（外向的）children danced and sang happily.
学会运用15: My friend Lily is ____________________ (outgoing) person I know.
学会运用16: 比利过去很害羞，很安静，但现在他很外向。
Billy used to be _________ __________ _________, but he
is _________ __________ now.
outgoing
the most outgoing
shy and quiet
very outgoing
6 hard-working /hɑ d 'w k /adj. 勤奋的（教材P22）
(观察)· My friend is hard-working. He practices playing the piano every day. 我的朋友很勤奋，他每天都练习弹钢琴。
· He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades.
他是一个勤奋的学生，总是取得好成绩。
· Don’t be lazy. You should finish your tasks on time.
不要偷懒，你应该按时完成你的任务。
· She is working hard to improve her reading skills.
她正在努力提高她的阅读能力。
归纳拓展
hard-working 为合成形容词，常作表语或定语；其反义词是lazy 懒惰的，比较级和最高级分别是more hard-working 和the most hard-working。
hard-working 是一个形容词，用来描述人的特质。
working hard 是一个动词短语，表示“正在努力工作/ 学习”。
辨析: hard-working 与working hard
一语辨异
Lisa is hard-working. She likes working hard on her school project. 丽莎很勤奋。她很喜欢努力学习学校的项目。
~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~
学会运用17: She is known for being __________________ (勤奋的) and dedicated to her work.
学会运用18: John is _____________________ (hard-working) than he was last year.
学会运用19: 她是我们班最勤奋的学生。 （翻译句子）
________________________________________________
hard-working
more hard-working
She is the most hardworking student in our class.
7 perform /p 'f m/ v. 表演；执行（教材P22）
(观察)· He often performs the plays for the old.
他经常为老人们表演戏剧。
· Tomorrow, we will perform a fire drill to practice what to do in case of a fire. 明天，我们将进行消防演习，练习在发生火灾时应该做什么。
· I enjoyed the magic show at the school performance.
我喜欢学校表演中的魔术表演。
· My sister wants to be a famous singer and performer.
我姐姐/ 妹妹想成为一名著名的歌手和表演者。
归纳拓展
perform 作及物动词，意为“表演；执行”。
perform 的同根词：
(1)performance n. 表演；演出(-ance 是名词后缀；行为)
(2)performer n. 表演者；演出者(-er 是名词后缀；执行者)
学会运用20: The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance _______________ (perform) which is quite popular these days.
学会运用21: Lion dance is usually p by two people dressed in a lion costume.
学会运用22: 这对双胞胎将在学校艺术节上表演舞蹈。
The twins will _________ __________ __________ at the school art festival.
performance
erformed
perform a dance
8 alone / 'l n/ adj. & adv. 独自；单独（教材P22）
(观察)·He was alone in the office. 他独自在办公室里。
· He lives alone in a small house near a river.
他独自居住在河边的一个小屋子里。
· She felt lonely after her husband’s death.
她丈夫去世后她感到孤独。
· There is a lonely island in the middle of the lake.
湖中央有一个偏僻的小岛。
辨析: alone 与lonely
alone 形容词 “单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 强调客观上的单独状态，没有感彩。
副词 “独自；单独”，
相当于by oneself。
lonely 形容词 “孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感色彩。
“偏僻的”，只用于名词前作定语。
一语辨异
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.
尽管他独自生活，可他并不感到孤独。
~~~~ ~~~~
学会运用23: Sara was there listening to the radio. She just wanted to be ________（单独）for a change.
学会运用24: 有时他独自待在河边看日落。
Sometimes he _________ _________ by the river to watch the sunset.
alone
stays alone
9 solve /s lv/ v. 解决；解答（教材P22）
(观察)· We need to solve the math problem together.
我们需要一起解决这道数学题。
· When you have a puzzle, you need to think hard to solve the problem. 当你遇到一个谜题时，你需要努力思考来解决问题。
· Good students always try to solve problems by themselves.
好学生总是试着自己解决问题。
· Can you help me solve a problem with my homework
你能帮我解决作业中的一个问题吗？
· If you have an equation like 2x + 5 = 15, you can solve for x.
如果你有一个像2x + 5 = 15 这样的方程，你可以求解x。
· Do you have a better solution
你有更好的解决办法吗？
归纳拓展
solve 动词，意为“解决，解答”。常用短语：
（1）solve the problem/problems 解决问题；
（2）solve for 意为“求解……的值”或“解出……的解”，通常用于数学领域，表示求解某个未知数或变量。
solution n. 意为“解决方案”。
solvable adj.可以解决的
学会运用25: Can you help me __________（解决）this puzzle
学会运用26: The _________ (solve) to the problem is quite simple.
学会运用27: 如果你有问题，请老师帮忙解决难题。
If you have a question, ask your teacher to help you _________ _________ _________.
solve
solution
solve the problem
10 congratulation /k nɡr t u'le n/ n. 祝贺；恭喜（教材P23）
(观察)· Congratulations on your success.
祝贺你取得成功。
· I congratulate you on winning the game.
我祝贺你赢了比赛。
归纳拓展
congratulation 是可数名词, 意为“祝贺”。通常用复数，是祝贺用语。
congratulate 是及物动词，意为“祝贺”。
congratulate sb. on sth. 意为“为某事向某人表示祝贺”。
动词加后缀-tion/-sion 变成名词的词：
（1）connect 连接→ connection 联系；连接
（2）decide 决定→ decision 决定；抉择
（3）declare 宣布；声明→ declaration 宣布；声明
学会运用28: I received several __________________ (祝贺) on
my promotion.
学会运用29: 我想就你最近取得的成就向你表示祝贺。
I would like to ______________ you ____________ your recent achievement.
congratulations
congratulate on
11 prize /pra z/ n. 奖；奖励（教材P23）
(观察)· I won a prize for drawing the best picture in my class.
我在班里画的画最好，赢得了一个奖品。
· He is a prize student in our school. 他是我们学校的一位模范学生。
· I prize my friendship with her very much. 我非常珍视和她的友谊。
· The school will prize the best students at the end of the semester.
学校将在学期末给最优秀的学生颁奖。
归纳拓展
prize n. 奖；奖励。常见搭配：first prize 一等奖。
还可作形容词，意为“优秀的；应获奖的”。只能作定语。
还可作动词，意为“珍视；给……颁奖”。
学会运用30: Winning the scholarship was a great p for his hard work.
学会运用31: 她在写作比赛中被授予了一等奖。
She was awarded _________ __________ __________ in the writing contest.
rize
the first prize
12 attend / 'tend / v. 参加；出席（教材P23）
(观察)· I will attend my friend’s birthday party this weekend.
这个周末我要去参加我朋友的生日派对。
· We need to attend the meeting to discuss the class trip plans.
我们需要参加会议来讨论班级旅行的计划。
· She loves to attend art classes on Saturday mornings.
她喜欢周六上午去上艺术课。
· When did your brother join the army
你哥哥/ 弟弟是在什么时候参军的？
· Come along, and join in the ball game.
快来参加球赛。
· We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
辨析: attend, join, join in 与take part in
attend 常指出席（或参加）正式场合，如会议、讲座、
婚礼或听报告等。
join 侧重指加入某党派、团体、组织、人群等，并成为其中的一员。
join in 多指参加小规模的活动：如球赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语。
take part in 指参加活动或比赛，并在其中起积极作用。
attend
学会运用32: 从方框中选择适当的词汇填空
attend, join, join in, take part in
(1) My parents often __________ important meetings at work.
(2) I want to __________ the school’s basketball team.
(3) Everyone is welcome to _______________________ the discussion.
(4) I _________________________ the school’s science fair last year.
join
join in/take part in
attended/took part in
学会运用33: 我们需要参加下周的家长会。
We _________ _________ _________ the parent-teacher meeting next week.
need to attend
13 besides /b 'sa dz/ prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且（教材P23）
(观察)· What other languages do you know besides English
除了英语之外, 你还懂什么其他语言？
· He gets up early every day except Sunday.
除了星期日之外, 他每天都早起。
· I couldn’t do anything except just sit down and hope.
我除了坐在那儿盼着，什么也做不了。
· Everybody was invited to the evening party but/except me.
除我之外, 所有人都被邀请参加了那场晚会。
· Your composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文非常好。
辨析: besides, except, but 与except for
besides 指“包括后者在内”，常与other，also 等词连用。
except 指“不包括后者在内”，其后可接不定式作宾语。当其前的动词是实义动词do 及其变化形式时，不定式常省去to。
but 指“不包括后者在内”，常和all，nobody 等不定代词连用，有时可与except 互换。
except
for 意为“除去……之外；只是”，表示对人或事物先做出总体评价，然后就其局部提出看法，所排除的不是同一范畴的东西。
学会运用34: ______ English, we also learn math and Chinese at school.
A. Except B. Besides
C. Except for D. But
学会运用35: I have some other friends b you.
学会运用36: 除了学习，我还喜欢踢足球。
__________ __________, I also enjoy playing football.
B
esides
Besides studying
14 spare /spe (r)/ adj. 空闲的; 备用的 v. 抽出；拨出（教材P23）
(观察)· I have a spare hour this afternoon.
我今天下午有一个空余小时。
· Do keep a spare tire in your car.
务必在你的车里备一个备用轮胎。
· I spared an hour to meet with him. 我留出一个小时跟他见面。
· In my spare time, I like to play football with my friends.
在我的业余时间，我喜欢和朋友们踢足球。
归纳拓展
spare 作形容词，意为“空闲的; 备用的”；也可作动词，意为“抽出；拨出”。
常见用法：（1）spare time 空闲时间；
（2）in one’s spare time 在某人的空闲时间；
（3）spare+时间+to do sth. 空出时间做某事。
学会运用37: Can you s a few minutes to help me with this problem
学会运用38: I have a s key to the house in case I lose the main one.
学会运用39: 周末，我喜欢用空闲时间读书。
On weekends, I like to spend my ________ ________ reading books.
pare
pare
spare time
15 pleasure /'ple (r)/ n. 乐事; 愉快; 荣幸（教材P23）
(观察)· Reading books is one of my greatest pleasures.
读书是我最大的乐事之一。
· Watching cartoons gives me great pleasure.
看动画片给我带来很大的乐趣。
· We spent a very pleasant evening. 我们度过了一个很愉快的夜晚。
· I am pleased that you have a new job.我很高兴你有了一份新工作。
· It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.很高兴欢迎您来我们家。
辨析: pleasure, pleasant 与pleased
pleasure n. “愉快；高兴；满意；乐事”，多用于口语
pleasant adj. “令人高兴的；令人愉快的”，一般指天气、时间、旅行等令人感到高兴、愉快
pleased adj. “高兴的；愉快的”，表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快，其后常常带介词with
小贴士
当你帮助他人并收到对方感谢时，应说“It’s a pleasure.”或“My pleasure.”；当别人请你帮忙，你乐意做时，则应说“With pleasure.”。
学会运用40: 从方框中选择适当的词填空。
pleasure, pleasant, pleased
(1)My parents were very __________ with my grades.
(2) I had a __________ chat with my teacher after class.
(3) It’s a __________ to help others.
pleased
pleasant
pleasure
学会运用41: 如果你需要任何帮助，我会很乐意帮忙的。
If you need any help, I’ll do it __________ __________.
with pleasure
16 appearance / 'p r ns/ n. 外表；露面（教材P24）
(观察)· She always pays attention to her appearance.
她总是很注意自己的外表。
· She made a rare appearance at the charity event last night.
她昨晚很少见地出席了那场慈善活动。
· She appears (to be) a little bit worried.她看起来有点担心。
· The cat’s disappearance made us very worried.
猫的失踪让我们非常担心。
· If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like
如果太阳消失了, 地球会是什么样子？
归纳拓展
appearance 名词，意为“外表；露面”；其动词形式为appear, 意为“出现”；反义词disappearance, 名词，意为“消失”，其动词形式为disappear，意为“消失；不见”。
学会运用42: A good a can make a good impression on others.
学会运用43: Your name will a at the front of the book.
学会运用44: When spring comes, the snow and ice __________ (appear).
学会运用45: 新老师看起来很友好。
The new teacher has _______ ________ _____________.
ppearance
ppear
disappear
a friendly appearance
17 personality/p s 'n l ti/n. 性格；品质（教材P24）
(观察)·She has a strong personality. 她性格坚强。
· This is a personal letter, so please don’t read it.
这是一封私人信件，所以请不要读。
· I will personally attend to the matter. 我将亲自处理这件事。
· I am a person who loves to read books.
我是一个喜欢读书的人。
归纳拓展
personality 作可数名词，意为“性格；品质”。
相关词形：personal adj. 私人的，个人的；
personally adv.本人，亲自；
person n. 人。
学会运用46: He is known for his humorous __________ (person). He always makes people laugh.
学会运用47: I have a __________ (person) goal to learn how to swim this year.
学会运用48: The p who helped me today was very nice.
学会运用49: 我的朋友性格非常外向。
My friend has a very ____________ ____________.
personality
personal
erson
outgoing personality
18 population /p pju'le n/ n. 人口（教材P25）
(观察)· In many countries, the population is mainly concentrated
in the cities. 在许多国家，人口主要集中在城市里。
· Many parts of the world have become deserts now, but they once had large populations and produced plenty of crops. 世界上许多地区曾经人口众多, 五谷丰登, 而如今却成了沙漠。
· The population of China is about 1.4 billion. = China has a population of about 1.4 billion. 中国大约有14 亿人口。
· What’s the population of Germany = How large is the population of Germany 德国的人口是多少
· 10,000 years ago, the world’s population was very small.
一万年前, 世界人口很少。
敲黑板 表示人口“多”要用large 修饰,而不用 much/many; 表示人口“少”要用small 修饰,而不用 little/few。
归纳拓展
population 作可数名词，意为“人口”，常与定冠词the 连用。作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
当主语表示“人口的百分之几或几分之几”时，谓语动词多用复数形式。
population 多以单数形式出现，指某个国家、地区或城市的人口。若以复数形式出现，则指世界不同地区的人口。
归纳拓展
表示“某地有多少人口”有两种表达方式：
（1）The population of + 某地+ is + 数词.
（2）某地+ has a p opulation of + 数词.
询问“某地有多少人口”要用 what 或 how large 提问：
“What’s the population of+ 地点？”或“How large is the population of+ 地点？”。
学会运用50: The p of India is growing quickly.
学会运用51: —___________ is the population of your city
—Over five million.
学会运用52: 北京有2100 多万人口。
Beijing has ________ ___________ _______ over 21 million people.
学会运用53: 中国人口众多。
China has _________ _________ ___________.
opulation
What
a population of
a large population
1 as…as... 像……一样……（教材P23）
(观察)· The book is as interesting as that one.
这本书和那本书一样有趣。
· Mary works as carefully as Linda. 玛丽工作和琳达一样细心。
· Spring isn’t as/so cold as winter.春天不像冬天那么冷。
· This apple isn’t as/so big as that one. 这个苹果不如那个大。
= This apple is smaller than that one. 这个苹果比那个小。
探究二 核心短语
归纳拓展
as…as… 意为“与……一样……”，两个 as 中间用形容词或副词的原级，第二个as 可用作介词（后接名词或代词），其否定结构为 not as/so...as..., 意为“不如……那样……”，也是一种表达比较级的形式，相当于“less+ 形容词/副词+than”, not as/so...as...可与比较级结构进行同义句转换。
学会运用1: —Is your father strict with you
—Yes. He takes my grades as ______ as my teachers do.
A. serious B. more serious
C. seriously D. more seriously
学会运用2: My bike is not as fast as your car.（同义句转换）
My bike is ________ ________ your car.=My bike is ________ ________ ________ your car.
C
slower than
less fast than
学会运用3: 这个蛋糕像蜂蜜一样甜。（翻译句子）
__________________________________________
The cake is as sweet as honey.
2 have sth. in common 有共同之处（教材P24）
(观察)· The dishes in the north and south have something in common. 南北方的菜肴有共同之处。
· We both like painting, so we have something in common. 我们都喜欢画画，所以我们有共同之处。
· What do they have in common 他们有什么共同点？
· The two brothers have nothing in common.
这两兄弟没有什么共同之处。
归纳拓展
have...in common 意为“有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同”；have nothing in common 意为“没有共同点”。
学会运用4: ______ my surprise, the twins have nothing _____ common.
A. To; in B. With; in
C. In; to D. To; of
学会运用5: 克莱尔和我有一个共同点：我们两个都擅长网球。
Claire and I _________ one thing _________ _________ : we are both good at tennis.
A
have in common
1 / / 单元音
发音方法：发音时，舌中部上抬，舌身与上臼齿有接触但不紧密；双唇展开，与发/i / 时的唇形展开程度相同，呈扁平状；声带振动。
发音组合：er, ir, ur, ear
例词her, serve, learn, earth, certain, girl, fir, firm, shirt,
third, first, hurt, curl, burn, purple, furniture
探究三 语音知识
/ / 和 / / 的发音
2 / / 单元音
发音方法：发音时，微微张嘴，舌身放平，舌中部略隆起，但不与硬腭接触，声带振动，气流向外发出/ / 音。发音时间较短，不拖长音。
发音字母/ 组合：a, e, o, er, or
例词 above, again, alone, parent, different, tonight, together,
collect, actor, teacher, mirror, forget, governor
朗读练习1: 朗读下列单词
(1) ago (2) bird (3) turn (4) open
(5) welcome (6) factor (7) turtle (8) pear
朗读练习2: 朗读下列短语
(1) near the river (2) happen to her
(3) hurt her finger (4) her father’s firm
(5) burn the third candle
学会运用3: 选出与所给单词画线部分发音不同的一项
(1) about A. bat B. banana
C. allow D. woman
(2) moment A. happen B. bed
C. children D. driver
(3) writer A. father B. nurse
C. river D. doctor
A
B
B

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