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(共47张PPT)
Review Book 2 Unit4
History and Traditions
1. What’s in a Name 2.Grammar
A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. ----Marcus Garvey P37
一个不了解自己历史，起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树。
Read these sentences aloud and try to translate them.
1. What is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
2.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
3.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
if possible/if necessary
/if so/if ever .. . ..
那么他们之间如果有区别，会是什么呢 了解一点英国历史将帮助你解决这个难题。
最后，在20世纪，南爱尔兰脱离了英国，这导致产生了我们今天所知道的大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的全称。
几乎在英国的任何地方，你都会发现四个不同的群体来过的证据，他们在不同的时期接管了英国。
课文语法填空
Studying British history can help you understand 1．___________ the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England mean．In the 16th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England．In the 18th century, Scotland was joined 2．___________ (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain．In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland．However, the southern part of Ireland broke away 3. ___________the UK, 4. ___________ resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
Although the four countries work together in some areas, they still have some 5．_________ (different)．The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, 6．_________ can help you understand much more about the country and 7．_________ (it) traditions．No matter where you go in the UK, you will 8．_________ (surround) by evidence that four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more 9．_________ (enjoy)．The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old 10．_________ (tradition)．
what
to create
from
which
differences
which
its
be surrounded
enjoyable
traditions
break away from 脱离 2. join…to/ be joined to 连接
3.be surrounded with 被…包围 4.enjoyable 令人愉快的
5. which引导定语从句
Review the grammar
过去分词作定语和宾补
(一)过去分词作定语的位置
1． 单个过去分词作定语，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；
过去分词短语作定语，通常放在它所修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句，故常可扩展为一个定语从句。
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
Do you know the guests (who were) invited to the party last night
注意：但 如果被修饰的词是everything, someone, anybody, those等复合代词或指示代词时，即使是单个过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved
There’s almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
过去分词作定语
1.语态上
现在分词: 表示主动的动作
过去分词: 表示被动的动作
He is the man swimming in the river just now.
He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.
(二)过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：
2.时间上
现在分词: 表示正在进行
过去分词: 表示完成
the rising sun
the risen sun
the falling leaves
the fallen leaves
a changing world
a changed world
the developing country
the developed country
过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：
过去分词表示被动或完成；
现在分词表示主动或进行。
总结：
__
__
__
1.His book ____________ last year sells well.
2.His book _____________ now will be on sale next year.
3.His book _____________ next year will be his best one.
4.The press(出版社) ___________ his book is famous in the city.
published
being published
to be published
publishing
publish
11. __________ vt. 保证; 确保; 担保
→__________ adj. 确信的; 可靠的
12. __________ adj. 慷慨的; 大方的; 丰富的
→___________ adv. 大方地; 慷慨地
→___________ n. 大方; 慷慨
13. __________ vt. 问候; 迎接
→___________ n. 问候; 招呼; 迎接
14. __________ n. 人群; 一群人; 民众
vt. 挤满; 使……拥挤
→___________ adj. 拥挤的
ensure
generous
greet
crowd
sure
generously
generosity
greeting(s)
crowded
1. __________________ 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. _______________________ 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
3. _______________________ 属于
4. _______________________ 同(一样也); 和; 还
5. _______________________ 留心; 留意
6. _______________________ 和……类似
7. _______________________ 把……称作
join … to …
break away (from sb/sth)
belong to
as well as
keep your eyes open (for)
be similar to
refer to … as
8. __________________ 大量
9. __________________ 导致
10. __________________ 追溯到
11. __________________ 对……有影响
12. __________________ 组成; 编造
an amount of
result in
date back to
have an influence on
make up
1. So what is the difference between them, if any
if 条件状语从句的省略形式
2. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built house.
the way后省略that/in which的定语从句
3. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green countries is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
with 复合结构
1. defence n. 防御; 保卫; 辩护
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. (P40)
in defence of 为了保卫……
in sb’s defence 为某人辩护
defend v. 防御, 保护; 辩解, 辩白
defend oneself 为自己辩护; 自卫
defend sb. /sth. from/against … 保卫……免于
defensive adj. 防御的, 保护的, 保卫的
【语境应用】完成句子
1) When the dog attacked me, I _________ ________ (自卫) with a stick.
2) You should ________ ________ ________ ________ (保护自己以免受伤).
3) The town walls were built ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (作为屏障以防御敌人袭击).
4) The soldiers fought ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (为保卫祖国).
in defence of
defended myself
defend yourself against injury
as a defence
their country
against enemy attacks
2. surround vt. 围绕; 环绕 包围
…, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times ... (P40)
surround … by/with … 用……包围……
be surrounded by / with 被……包围 surrounding adj. 周围的, 附近的
surrounded adj. 被包围的
surroundings n. 环境
【语境应用】 完成句子
1) The firemen ___________ ________ ________ ________ (包围了着火的房子) as soon as they arrived.
2) The whole town ________ ___________ ________ _______ (由水环绕) in the past, making it very beautiful.
3) The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which _______________ (surround) by a high wire fence. (2020 浙江)
was surrounded by/with water
surrounded the burning house
was surrounded
3. charge vt. 收费; 控告; 充电 n. 费用; 主管; 指控
Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged. (P42)
take charge of 负责管理/照顾
in charge of 负责，主管
in the charge of 在……掌管之下
free of charge 免费
charge sb. for sth. 控告某人某事
charge sb. with sth. 因……向某人收费
【语境应用】完成句子
1) Your order will be sent ________ ________ ________ (免费).
2) Yesterday, the man ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (被指控违法).
3) The restaurant ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (收了20英镑的餐费).
4) He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (将负责管理农场) after his father’s death.
free of charge
will take charge of the
was charged with breaking
charged 20 pounds for
dinner
farm
the law
4. approach n. 方法; 途径; 接近
vt. & vi. 接近; 接洽; 着手处理; 靠近
It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. (P42)
an approach to … ……的方法; ……的道路
the approach of ……的来临/临近
approach the problem 处理问题
with spring approaching 随着春天临近
as spring approaches 随着春天临近
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) So I _______________ (approach) our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. (2020浙江)
2) The job market has changed and our approaches to _______ (find) work must change as well.
3) All the ___________ (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
approached
finding
approaches
1. break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK. (P40)
break down 损坏; 发生故障; 分解; 垮掉
break into 强行闯入
break off 突然停止; 中断
break out 突然发生; 爆发
break up 打碎; 分裂, 解体; 结束
【语境应用】用含break的短语的正确形式填空。
1) It seems that the plane just _________ in the air yesterday.
2) Someone ___________ my car and stole the radio.
3) Neil held her arm but she managed to ___________.
4) I was still living in London when the war ___________.
5) Jim ___________ to shake hands with the new arrivals when he was giving a speech.
6) They ________________ the national union and set up their own local organisation.
broke up
broke into
break away
broke out
broke off
broke away from
2. belong to 属于; 归属; 为……的一员
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. (P40)
belong to 不能用于进行时态和被动语态；to是介词。
belongings n. 财产; 所有物; 相关事物
【语境应用】翻译句子
1) The handwriting belongs to a male.
__________________________________________
2) The house belongs not just to her, but to her husband as well.
___________________________________________
3) I wanted to invite Jack to join the table tennis team, but he said he belonged to the football club.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
我想邀请杰克加入乒乓球队，但他说他是足球俱乐部的成员。
这笔迹出自一名男子之手。
这个房子不仅属于她，也属于她丈夫。
3. as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. (P40)
as well as可连接两个并列成分，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持人称和数的一致。
as well “也; 又; 还” , 常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
may/might as well do sth. 倒不如做某事; 不妨做某事
【语境应用】
I. 单句语法填空
Amy, as well as her brothers, ___________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. (2019天津)
II. 翻译句子
1) I am going to Paris and Tom is going as well．
_________________________________________
2) He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
_________________________________________
他既种菜也种花。
我要去巴黎，汤姆也去。
was given
1. if 条件状语从句的省略形式
So what is the difference between them, if any (P40)
if any为条件状语从句的省略形式, 意为 “如果有的话”。
if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
【语境应用】用if的相关短语填空
1) Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library _____________, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. (2020天津)
2) If we can do that, we can keep up with the times. ________, we would always fall behind.
3) I sincerely hope you can correct the mistakes in my homework, __________.
If so
If not
if any
2. the way后省略that/in which的定语从句
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built house. (P40-41)
1) way 表示 “方式; 方法”时，其后常接that或in which引导的定语从句, 也可以将关系词that/in which省略掉。
2) way 后接定语从句时, 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which, 作宾语时可以省略。
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) To be honest, I don’t like the way _____________ you speak to her.
2) Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways _________ determining and communicating what is real. (2019北京)
3) I’d like to settle the problem in a way ___________ is peaceful.
that/in which
of
that/which
3. with 复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green countries is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. (P44)
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语, 其构成为:
with + 宾语 + to do 表示将来的动作
with + 宾语 + doing 表示主动或进行
with + 宾语 + done 表示被动或完成
with + 宾语 + 介词短语/形容词/副词
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) With the night _____________ (approach), I became worried and could not keep calm.
2) With an important class meeting ____________ (attend), I can’t accompany you to the book store.
3) With more and more forests ___________ (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
approaching
to attend
damaged
过去分词作宾语补足语时，分词所表示的动作与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。常用于以下情况：
用在see, hear, watch, find, feel, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后面。
e.g. Have you ever seen the mountains covered in snow
On his return from his office, he found the house damaged.
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
用在have, get, make, keep等使役动词后面。
e.g. My watch is broken and I’ll have it repaired.
Though he spoke loudly, he still couldn’t make himself heard.
用在with复合结构中。
e.g. She sat with her head bent down.
Mike painted his mother sitting in a chair with her hands folded.
现在分词、过去分词、不定式作宾语补足语有什么区别？
I saw him get off the bus.
I saw him lying on the road.
I saw him knocked down by a car.
do 主动，全过程
done 被动，完成
doing 主动，进行
过去分词作定语时，分词所表示的动作与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且多表示已完成的动作。
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语常放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
过去分词(短语)作定语
e.g.
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
They are clearing away the fallen leaves in the yard.
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (= that has ever been written).
Who were those guests invited (= that had been invited) to your party last night
及物动词 的过去分词作定语 被修饰词与过去分词为被动关系，且表示动作已完成或描述状态。 He is a teacher loved by his students.
不及物动词的过去分词作定语 没有被动意义，只表示动作已完成。 There lived a retired teacher in the area.
写出下列谚语中划线部分在句中所作的成分, 并翻译句子。
1. A burnt child dreads the fire. ( )
____________________________________
2. A penny saved is a penny earned. ( )
____________________________________
3. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. ( )
_____________________________________
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳
定语
省一文等于挣一文。
定语
少说多看。
宾语补足语
【写作任务】
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Todd发邮件说想来中国游玩，让你推荐一座历史古城。请你根据所给提示，用英语给他写一封邮件，推荐杭州。
1. 位于浙江省北部；
2. 历史悠久，吴越国和南宋都城，中国八大古都之一；
3. 因龙井、丝绸而闻名，具有独特的西湖文化等。
如何用英语推荐历史古城
注意: 1. 词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出, 但不计入总词数)；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Todd,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求给美国笔友写一封邮件，推荐一座中国历史古城。介绍历史古城时，要突出其历史及文化价值。
二、谋篇布局
因本写作任务的开头和结尾已给出，所以我们只需要写出正文部分即可。我们可以将本写作任务的正文分为三部分：
第一部分：表明写邮件的目的（推荐杭州）；
第二部分：陈述推荐理由（杭州的历史以及文化价值）；
第三部分：希望对方旅行愉快。
三、组织语言
第一部分：表明写邮件的目的。
Knowing that you are coming to visit an ancient city in China, I would like to recommend the city of ... to you.
第二部分：陈述推荐理由。
★ ..., the capital of ... Province, is located in the north of it.
★ Besides, ..., which was one of ... with a long history, was once the capital of ...
★ Not only does ... have a reputation ( 名气) for ..., but it also has its own unique ...
第三部分：希望对方旅行愉快。
I hope you will have an unforgettable trip in ...
Dear Todd,
Knowing that you are coming to visit an ancient city in China, I would like to recommend the city of Hangzhou to you.
Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, is located in the north of it. Besides, Hangzhou, which was one of the eight ancient capitals of China with a long history, was once the capital of Wuyue State and the Southern Song Dynasty. Not only does Hangzhou have a reputation for Longjing tea and silk, but it also has its own unique West Lake culture.
I hope you will have an unforgettable trip in Hangzhou.
Yours,
Li Hua
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