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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Discovering Useful Structures
【语法感知】
观察并完成下列课文原句
They use the same flag, ______(know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence.
2. Most people just use the _________(shorten) name: “the United Kingdom” or “the
UK”.
3. They had castles _____(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal
system.
known
shortened
built
【归纳填空】
答案: 4. 句1, 句2　5. 句3
【语法精讲】
一、过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语时的位置。
(1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表
示强调, 也可放在被修饰词之后。
I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be
easy to cook.
我喜欢吃番茄炒蛋, 我认为这道菜一定很容易做。
This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn ’t a
lot of food served. 这一点是值得赞赏的, 因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食
物。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面, 作后置定语, 其作用相当于
一个定语从句。
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have
showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles(which was made into
clothes in different styles).
在新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办的不同寻常的时装展展示了用海狸鼠的皮毛做成的
不同风格的服装。
An actor hired by the researchers (who was hired by the
researchers)grabbed her food first.
一名由研究人员雇用的演员先吃了她的食物。
(3)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时, 即使一个单一的分词作形容词用, 也要放在被修饰词的后面。
*Is there anything unsolved 还有没解决的事情吗
*There is nothing changed here since I left this town.
自从我离开这个城镇以来, 没有什么变化。
2. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成, 即被修饰词通常是过去分
词所表示的动作的承受者, 且该动作已经完成。
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers
reported a new kind of adaptation. 在周四《细胞》杂志上出版的一篇
文章中, 一组研究人员报道了一种新型的适应方式。
The 80, 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for
example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件物品成了开放于1759年的大英博物馆的核心馆藏。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成, 不表示被动。
*On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.
另一方面, 我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
3. 过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语, 相当于非限制性的定语从句, 用来补充说明被修饰词的情况, 通常用逗号与主句隔开。
*I ’m writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film, called My people, My country. 我写信邀请你和我们一起看一部电影, 叫作《我和我的祖国》。
过去分词作定语
(1)单个过去分词前加一名词或副词, 常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合
形容词, 放在其修饰的名词前, 作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或
行为主体, 所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。
We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in
the world.
我们将会参观一些世界上保护最好的罗马建筑。
*Having travelled for a week, we arrived at the snow-covered mountain.
旅行了一周之后, 我们到达了那座大雪覆盖的山。
(2)有些过去分词表示特定含义时, 单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后, 如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等。
*There is little time left. Let ’s hurry up.
剩余的时间不多了, 我们赶快吧。
*We are interested in the problems concerned and want to find out more information.
我们对有关的问题很感兴趣, 想了解更多信息。
能够接动词过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：
1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，look at，hear， listen to，feel，notice，find等；如：
I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
the song为宾语，sung为宾语补足语,两者之间为动宾关系
his hometown为宾语，changed为宾语补足语,两者之间为动宾关系
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
2.表示"使..."意义的动词。如∶have，make，get，keep，leave等；如：
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
Don't leave those things undone. 不要留下那些事情不做。
宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系，为动宾关系
3.表示"希望"、"要求"意义的动词，如∶ would like，order，want，wish等；
I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。
I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望 5 点前完成我的作业。
4.介词with+宾语+过去分词
The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered with snow.
白雪覆盖着大地，屋外景色迷人。
宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系，为动宾关系
(1) Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near
Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
(2) When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,
we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
(3) We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors
and the amount of noise at the entrance of the national Gallery.
1.Read the sentences and underline the -ed form as the object complement.
【即学即练】
(4)Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
(5)She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.
The new product finally passed the required test.
It is a house built by the Romans.
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
Unfortunately he had his leg broken yesterday.
2.Read the sentences and match.
past participle as the object complement
past participle as the attribute
__________________________________
_____________________
①
②
③
(1) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___________(finish), he gladly accepted it.
(2)Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ____________ (improve) in a short period.
(3) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ___________(interest) in his lectures.
(4) You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ___________often enough.
finished
improved
interested
explained
3. Fill in the blanks.
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词作定语
位置
1.单个过去分词作前置定语，但有时为了强调也可放于被修饰词之后；过去分词短语作后置定语，作用相当于定语从句。
2.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个过去分词或过去分词短语都放在被修饰词的后面。
3.有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。
意义
1.及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成, 即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者, 且该动作已经完成。
2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成, 不表示被动。
3.过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语, 相当于非限制性定语从句, 用来补充说明被修饰词的情况, 通常用逗号与主句隔开。
过去分词作宾语补足语
1. 用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
2. 用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
3.用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
4.用在like，hate，want，wish，expect， order等表示爱憎、意愿、命令等动词后面作宾语补足语。
Summary
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
(1) She was glad to see her child well ___________(take) care of.
(2) After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _________ (call) him.
(3) From the dates _________(mark) on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
(4) “Things ______ (lose) never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
taken
calling
marked
lost
(5 )The Town Hall ____________ in the 1800’s was the most outstanding
building at that time.
(6) The next thing he saw was smoke _________ (rise) from behind the house.
(7) A cook will be immediately fired if he was found ________(smoke) in
kitchen.
(8) She held her hands _____________(press)pressed against her face.
(9) He won’t like such questions ___________(discuss) at the meeting
(10) Alexander tried to get his work __________ (recognize) in the medical
circles.
completed
rising
smoking
pressed
discussed
recognized
1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
Ⅱ.用过去分词作定语改写句子
Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.
Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.
3. The family's ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
The family's ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.
The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
Difficult circumstances serve as a textbook of life for people.
困难坎坷是人们的生活教科书。

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