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(共28张PPT)
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Learning aims
To learn the past participles as the attribute and the object complement.
1. Analyse the sentences below in the text and find out the past participles. And then discuss their functions.
Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack,...
They had castles built all around England,...
as the object complement
as the attribute
as the attribute
Leading-in
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, England— many people are confused by...
They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
as the attribute
as the attribute
过去分词或过去分词短语在句中可作定语或宾语补足语。
Past Participles as the Attribute (1)
tired visitors
a well-organised trip
beautifully dressed stars
2. Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in the left column. Compare the meaning of each pair of phrases.
Past Participles as the
Attribute (2)
visitors _____ of the long wait/...
a trip _________ well by my workplace/...
stars _______ beautifully at the event/...
tired
organised
dressed
Past Participles (1)
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。
过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语（the attribute）、宾语补足语（the object complement）、表语（the predicative）和状语（the adverbial），但不能单独构成谓语。
Grammar
及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修 饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。
I took part in the celebration held by our school.
(=which was held by our school).
我参加了学校举办的庆祝活动。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall.
秋天时, 小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。
一、过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义
3. 过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
The bridge, built last year.
(=which was built last year), is in use now.
这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。
二、过去分词作定语时的位置
1. 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。如：
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。
2. 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。
The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.
被日常垃圾污染的河水现在脏且难闻。
【即学即练】
1. The first engine____________(drive)by steam was invented by James Walt, an inventor, engineer, and chemist.
2. It is dangerous for the villagers to drink from wells ____________(pollute) with poisonous chemicals.
3. Rosemary shares her _____________(pack) lunch with two friends every day.
4. Westminster Abbey is a typical Gothic church, ____________(complete) in the 10th century.
5. These are English text books specially ___________(design) for primary school students.
6. In the car park of the National Museum there are parking spaces___________(reserve) for people with disabilities.
driven
polluted
packed
completed
designed
reserved
过去分词作定语表示的语态和时间
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义，只表示完成。
a retired teacher 退休教师
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起的太阳
过去分词(短语)作定语与定语从句的关系
过去分词(短语)作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。
The works shown at the exhibition are priceless.
=The works which are shown at the exhibition are priceless.
展览会上展出的作品是无价之宝。
Exercise
1. The idea ___________ (present) by Peter is much simpler.
2. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ___________ (spend).
3. His mother is a ___________ (retire) teacher and she is very patient with children.
4. I waved at the ___________ (excite) children and said goodbye to them.
5. The experience ___________ (gain) through this journey will help me get over difficulties in life in the future.
presented
spent
retired
excited
gained
Past Participle as Object Complement
V-ed作宾语补足语表示被动或完成的意义。
V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
用在表示某种状态的动词keep, leave 等的后面
They kept the door locked for a longtime.
他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
在"make+宾语+过去分词"结构中,过去分词表示结果
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。
“have/get+ 宾语+过去分词”结构可表示使某事被做(让别人做或主语自己做);遭遇某种不幸
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
I have had my bike repaired.
我让人修了我的自行车。
Mary had her watch stolen the other day.
玛丽的手表在前几天被人偷了。
用在感官动词 watch, see, hear, notice, feel等的后面作宾语补足语;此外, find也有此用法
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
When we got to school, we saw the gate locked.
当我们到学校时，我们看到大门锁着。
在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系
The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
小偷被带了进来,双手被绑在背面。
用在want，wish，like，expect, order 等表示“希望,愿望，命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
I want the car fixed today.
我想要这辆车今天就修好。
Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible.
每个人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
翻译句子
1. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
2. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
3. 解决了这个难题,老板满意地笑了。
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
With the difficult problem handled, the boss smiled with satisfaction.
Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute.
1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
2. Carl and his friends staved with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.
Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.
Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute.
3. The family's ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
The family's ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.
The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ____________ (ensure) the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should make certain the redlight is working.
2. With her ____________ charge, I was confident all would be OK.
3. Well, it's due in at 6:20 pm, but the ________________ (announce) said just now there has a30-minute delay because of the bad weather.
4. Today $8 or $10 seems ____________ small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.
5. If a child ____________ (approach) him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention.
6. No one could be ________________ (generous); he has a heart of gold.
To ensure
in
announcement
a
approaches
more generous
7. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ____________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
8. A study ____________ (conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
9. It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better ____________ (know) to international students.
10. Technological innovations, ____________ (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
11. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________ (take) him.
designed
conducted
known
combined
taken
用所给单词的适当形式填空
charge
v.充电;收费,要价
charge sb. some money for sth.
因某事而(向某人)收……费
charge sb. with (doing) sth.
指控/指责某人(做)某事
n.主管,掌管;费用,收费;指控,控告
take charge of 负责，掌管
in charge of 负责，掌管
free ofc harge 免费
练习：The woman who had ______________________ (掌管) the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
taken charge of
announce
v.宣布;通知;声称
announcesth.to sb.=announce to sb. sth.
向某人宣布某事
announce that... 宣布……
As is announced... 据报道……
It is announced that... 据报道……
练习：We are pleased ___________________ (announce) that all five candidates were successful.
to announce
approach
vt.接近;接治;着手处理
the approach of... ……的来临 /临近
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/方式
练习：The expert is a person ______________________ (容易接近).
easy to approach
n.接近,靠近;方法,方式;通路,路径
position
n. 位置;姿态;职位;处境,状况
in/out of position在/不在适当的位置
put/place sb. in a good/an awkward position
使某人处于有利的/尴尬的境地
sitting/standing/lying position 坐姿/站姿/卧姿
练习：Ensure that everything is ___________ position when we come back to the room.
in
SEE
YOU
NEXT
TIME

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