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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Discovering Useful Structures
【语法感知】
观察并完成下列课文原句
They use the same flag, ______(know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the
same currency and military defence.
2. Most people just use the _________(shorten) name: “the United Kingdom” or “the
UK”.
3. They had castles _____(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal
system.
known
shortened
built
【归纳填空】
答案: 4. 句1, 句2　5. 句3
【语法精讲】
一、过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语时的位置。
(1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表
示强调, 也可放在被修饰词之后。
I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be
easy to cook.
我喜欢吃番茄炒蛋, 我认为这道菜一定很容易做。
This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn ’t a
lot of food served. 这一点是值得赞赏的, 因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食
物。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面, 作后置定语, 其作用相当于
一个定语从句。
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have
showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles(which was made into
clothes in different styles).
在新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办的不同寻常的时装展展示了用海狸鼠的皮毛做成的
不同风格的服装。
An actor hired by the researchers (who was hired by the
researchers)grabbed her food first.
一名由研究人员雇用的演员先吃了她的食物。
(3)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时, 即使一个单一的分词作形容词用, 也要放在被修饰词的后面。
*Is there anything unsolved 还有没解决的事情吗
*There is nothing changed here since I left this town.
自从我离开这个城镇以来, 没有什么变化。
2. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成, 即被修饰词通常是过去分
词所表示的动作的承受者, 且该动作已经完成。
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers
reported a new kind of adaptation. 在周四《细胞》杂志上出版的一篇
文章中, 一组研究人员报道了一种新型的适应方式。
The 80, 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for
example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件物品成了开放于1759年的大英博物馆的核心馆藏。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成, 不表示被动。
*On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.
另一方面, 我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
3. 过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语, 相当于非限制性的定语从句, 用来补充说明被修饰词的情况, 通常用逗号与主句隔开。
*I ’m writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film, called My people, My country. 我写信邀请你和我们一起看一部电影, 叫作《我和我的祖国》。
过去分词作定语
(1)单个过去分词前加一名词或副词, 常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合
形容词, 放在其修饰的名词前, 作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或
行为主体, 所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。
We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in
the world.
我们将会参观一些世界上保护最好的罗马建筑。
*Having travelled for a week, we arrived at the snow-covered mountain.
旅行了一周之后, 我们到达了那座大雪覆盖的山。
(2)有些过去分词表示特定含义时, 单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后, 如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等。
*There is little time left. Let ’s hurry up.
剩余的时间不多了, 我们赶快吧。
*We are interested in the problems concerned and want to find out more information.
我们对有关的问题很感兴趣, 想了解更多信息。
2. 过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。
He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English．
3. 过去分词用在感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等之后做宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
We can hear the windows knocked by the heavy rain drops.
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
某些及物动词（如make等）
+
直接宾语（名词或代词）
+
宾语补足语
Everyone calls him
(O)
(OC)
(S)
(V)
Tom.
Q1:What is the Object Complement
宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语起____________的作用。
之后
补充说明
He found his new bike______.(steal)
stolen
过去分词作宾语补足语，表示______ 或______ 的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。
被动
完成
小结:
Step2 : Presentation
用在表示状态的 keep, leave 等的后面:
They kept the door ________(lock) for a long time.
Don’t leave the windows ________(break)like this all the time.
2. 用在感官动词watch, notice, see, hear, feel, find, listen to等的后面。
We can hear the windows ________(beat )by the rain drops.
When we got to school, we found the door________ (lock).
用法：
locked
broken
beaten
locked
3.用在wish, want, like, expect, order等
表示愿望,希望,命令这一类动词后面.
The teacher would not like the problem _____________(discuss) at the moment.
I want the dress _________(make) to my own measure.
4. 用在使役动词have, make,get,keep 的后面.
1)have sb/sth done “请别人做某事”
They had many trees __________(plant).
He had his leg ___________(break) in the accident.
I had my wallet ___________(steal) in the bus.
discussed
made
planted
broken
stolen
with的复合结构：
He said goodbye to us with tears in his eyes．
用在 “with/without+宾语+宾补” 这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系.
The thief was brought in, with his hands__________
(tie) behind his back.
With many flowers ____________(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
tied
planted
注意：
I saw him ________(get) off the bus.
I saw him ________(knock) down by a car.
I saw him ________(lie) on the road just now.
(to) do: 整个过程
V-ed:被动
V-ing:主动,正在进行
V-ed、V-ing与 to do作 OC 的区别:
get
knocked
lying
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________(finish), he gladly accepted it.
2. ---Did Peter fix the computer himself
---He had it _______(fix), because he doesn’t know much about computers.
3.I was wondering why they kept the door ________ (lock) for such a long time.
finished
fixed
locked
Step3:Practice
4.This is the first time that I have heard the poem _______ (speak) in English.
5. With the task____________(finish),we had a happy weekend.
6. Helen had to shout to make herself__________ (hear) above the sound of the music.
7.I don’t want the children ______ out in such weather.
spoken
finished
heard
taken
4.This is the first time that I have heard the poem _______ (speak) in English.
5. With the task____________(finish),we had a happy weekend.
6. Helen had to shout to make herself__________ (hear) above the sound of the music.
7.I don’t want the children ______ out in such weather.
spoken
finished
heard
taken
Thank you

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