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新人教版高中英语必修二Unit4 History and Traditions
1. ________ n. 迷；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑→
_________ adj. 困惑的；糊涂的；茫然的→
_________ adj. 令人费解的；令人困惑的
2. ________ vi. 应在(某处)；适应→ ___________ n. 所有物；行李
puzzle
puzzled
puzzling
belong
belonging
词性转换
3. _______ adj. 渴望的；热切的→
________ adv. 渴望地；热切地→ ___________ n. 渴望
eager
eagerly
eagerness
4. _________ n. 防御；保卫→ ________ v. 辩护；保卫→
__________ adj. 防御的；保卫的
5. __________ vt. 围绕；包围→
_____________ adj. 周围的
_____________ n. 环境；周围的事物
6. _________ n. 证据；证明→ ________ adj. 明白的；明显的
defence
defend
defensive
surround
surrounding
evidence
evident
surroundings
3.individual adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人
individually adv.单独地
individuality n.个性；个性特征
5.chief adj.重要的；最高级别的 n.首领；酋长
chiefly adv.首先；主要的
6.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问
puzzled adj.困惑的；茫然的
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的；令人费解的
puzzlement n.迷惑；费解
7.belong v.应在(某处)；适应
belonging n.(pl)所有物；归属感
8.currency n.通货；货币
current adj.现行的；当前的
currently
9.military adj.军事的；军用的
militarily adv.在军事上；以武力
militarism n.军国主义；尚武精神
militaristic adj.军国主义的
10.defence n.防御；保卫
defend v.辩护；保卫；防守
defendant n.被告； adj.辩护的
defender n.防卫者；守卫者；辩护者；拥护者
defensive adj.防卫的；自卫的
defenceless adj.无防御的；无保护的
11.surround v.围绕；包围
surrounding adj.周围的；附近的；n.周围环境(pl)
surrounded adj.被围绕着的
surrounder n.环绕者；包围者
14.distance n.距离
distant adj.遥远的；久远的；远处的
distantly adv.遥远地；疏远的
15.inspire v.鼓舞；激励；启发思考
inspired adj.备受鼓舞的
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
inspiration n.灵感；启发灵感的人/事物
16.access n.通道;vt.进入;使用;获取
accessible adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的
accessibility n.易使用性；可及性
accessory n.附件；装饰品；从犯；同谋
12.evidence n.证据；证明
evident adj.清楚的；显然的
evidently adv.显然地；明显地；清楚地
13.achievement n.成就；成绩；达到
achieve v.取得；达到；实现
achiever n.获得成功的人；成就者
14.location n.地方；地点；位置
locate v.建立；迁居；确定......的位置
located adj.位于；坐落在
locator n.定位器；探测器
15.conquer v.占领；征服；控制
conqueror n. 征服者；胜利者
conquerable adj. 可征服的；
16.battle n.战役；搏斗 v.搏斗；奋斗
battlefield /battleground n.战场；杀场
battlement n.防卫墙；城垛
battler n.战斗者；勇士
battleship n.战舰
17.port n.港口
portion n.一份...
18.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
fascinated adj.入迷的；极感兴趣的
fascination n.着迷；魅力
fascinate v.使着迷；迷住
fascinator n.迷人的人/物
19.charge n.收费；指控；主管
charger n.充电器
charged adj.带电的；充满感情的；气氛紧张的
chargeable adj.可充电的；应支付的；可控诉的
1.【教材原句】Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle．了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
【句型】句中Getting to know a little bit about British history是动名词短语作_____。
【单词】puzzle n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.______________
链接：动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
动名词具有动词与名词的性质，在句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。动名词作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构有：
主语
使)迷惑；(使)为难
It is no use doing sth. 做某事没用。
It is no good doing sth. 做某事没有好处。
It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。
观察思考：
①What puzzled me was how the accident could have happened．
令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。
②I’m in a puzzle as to how to get along with him．
对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。
归纳总结：
(1)be in a puzzle　　 感到困惑
be a puzzle to sb． 对某人来说是个谜
(2)puzzle about/over 苦苦思考
(3)puzzled adj． 困惑的，迷惑不解的
puzzling adj． 令人迷惑不解的
2.【教材原句】In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England．16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
【词块】把……和……连接或联结起来
【单词】join vt/vi. 参加，连接，结合
观察思考：
(1)The island，joined to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.
这个岛由一座大桥与大陆相连，很容易到达。
(2)It is said that more than two hundred students have joined in the discussion.
据说二百多名学生参与了讨论。
同义辨析：
join, join in, take part in, attend
四者都常译为“参加
join指加入一个团体、组织、群体,成为其中的一员
join a club加入一个俱乐部
join in和 take part in均指参与某活动, take part in稍微正式
Can I join in(the game) 我加入(这个游戏)行吗
take part in a discussion/game/celebration
参加讨论/比赛/庆祝
attend多指参加、出席会议等
Only12 people attended the meeting.
只有12个人参加了这次会议。
3.【教材原句】Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国.
【句型】which resulted in the full name we have today___________________。Which 在句中做_______. 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。【词块】break away (from sb. /sth. )突然离开；脱离
非限制性定语从句
定语
归纳总结
break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂
break down垮掉；出故障 break into破门而入
break in破门而入；打断；插话 break out(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发
(1)The girl broke away from her mother and ran away.这个女孩挣脱了她妈妈，跑开了。
(2)Fred has given me no good reason for wanting ___ our marriage.
弗莱德没能给我一个想要结束我们婚姻的正当理由。
(3)To my disappointment，the car on the way.
让我失望的是，车在半路抛锚了。
(4)Someone my house and stole some money.有人闯入了我的房子，偷了些钱。
(5)He was charging his mobile phone when the fire .
他正在给手机充电，这时发生了火灾。
to break up
broke down
broke into
broke out
4.【教材原句】The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas． 属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。
【词块】belong to属于，是……的成员
①My friend will help you move your belongings to your new house．我朋友会帮助你把你的东西搬到你的新家里。
②Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.狮子和老虎属于猫科。
③ As is known to us, China is a country belonging to the Third World. 众所周知，中国是一个属于第三世界的国家。
归纳总结
belong to属于，没有被动形式，也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接宾格代词或名词作宾语。
belongings n．所有物；财产
5.【教材原句】Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．
几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。
【单词】 surround vt.包围；围绕【词块】 be surrounded by 被...环绕
(1)Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
让一些有正能量的人围绕着你，他们会催你奋进。
(2)Make sure that the people you surround yourself with are positive.
你要确保自己周围是一些积极的人。
(3)The surrounding villages have been included into the growing city.
周围的村庄已经被包括进了那个不断发展的城市。
(4)The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundings ．
这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。
6.【教材原句】Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
他们的一些伟大成就包括修建了一些城镇和道路。
【单词】achievement n．成就；成绩
(1)He felt a sense of achievement when he left the boss’ office.
他离开老板的办公室时，有一种成就感。
(2)The scientist giving us a speech has made a great achievement in this field.
给我们做报告的这位科学家在这个领域取得了巨大的成就。
(3)Kart was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.
卡特向我们提供了改变生活和实现梦想的方法。
归纳总结：
(1)a sense of achievement　成就感
make an achievement 取得成就
(2)achieve vt． 完成；达到vi．成功
achieve one’s goal 达到目标
7. 【教材原句】They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. 他们使用同一种旗帜，称为Union Jack ,他们也使用共同的货币和军事防御。
【单词】defence n. 防御；保卫
【句型】 句中known as the Union Jack为过去分词短语作_________，修饰前面的名词______，相当于非限制性定语从句which is known as the Union Jack。
过去分词作定语，如果是单个分词，常置于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是过去分词短语作定语，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。
过去分词修饰不定代词something，anything，nobody等或指示代词those时，应后置。
后置定语
flag
观察思考
① More and more women today have learned to arise in defence of their legal rights. 现在越来越多的妇女学会起来保护她们的合法权利。
② I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
③ Their duty is to defend the country from / against its enemies. 他们的职责就是保卫国家，抵御敌人。
归纳总结
(1)in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
in sb.'s defence为某人辩护
(2)defend vt．防守；保卫；辩护；维护
defend ... from (against)...保护……免受……；保卫……抵御……
单词拼写
1. I feel greatly honored to be here to tell you something about Chinese ____________(习俗) in the Spring Festival.
2. To ____________ (保证) that I can concentrate on my study, my father does whatever he can do for me.
3. As to your advertised ____________ (职位) , it ’s my pleasure to say that I am the just person you are searching for.
4. The town walls were built as a ____________(防御) against the enemy.
5. They often stay up late into the night, eating ____________(零食), which is bad for their health.
6. Our school is in a central ____________(位置) within easy reach of the bus station.
7. When the waste is thrown into rivers and ____________(海洋), pollution happens.
8. We can acquire wisdom from our ____________(祖先), which we can apply to our daily life.
9. He once worked as a ____________(主要的) editor in a newspaper office.
10. I want to speak to each member of the group ____________(单独地).
customs
ensure
position
defence
snacks
location
oceans
ancestors
chief
individually
单句语法填空
1. With the college entrance examination ____________(approach), some students are getting more and more nervous.
2. Mike is eager ____________(stay) away from the busy city life for a while.
3. My head teacher as well as teachers of other subjects ____________ (be)patient with us.
4. I wonder how much you will charge me ____________ the six-week course.
5. ____________(surround) by high walls and wide moats, the Forbidden City covers a large area.
6. Despite many years ’ learning of English, I still feel ________(puzzle) in some aspects.
7. It ____________(announce) that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
8. Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of ____________(achieve).
9. There ____________(be) large amounts of homework and a great many examinations for us students every day.
10. I have enough evidence ____________ hard work pays off.
approaching
to stay
is/was
for
Surrounded
puzzled
is announced
achievement
are
that

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