英语现在完成时学习学案

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英语现在完成时学习学案

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初中英语现在完成时是重要语法点,常考以下核心内容:
一、基本结构
肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词(如:I have finished homework)
否定句:主语 + have/has not + 过去分词(如:She hasn't eaten lunch)
疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词?(如:Have you seen the movie )
二、核心考点
1. 延续性动词 vs 非延续性动词
- 延续性动词(live, work, study等)常与"for/since"连用
I've learned English for 3 years.
- 非延续性动词(buy, die, join等)要转换表达
误:He has joined the club for 2 months.
正:He has been in the club for 2 months.
2. 时间状语高频考点
just/already/yet(already用于肯定句,yet用于否定)
ever/never(曾经/从未)
for + 时间段 / since + 时间点
so far/recently/in the past 5 years等
3. have been to vs have gone to
- Have been to:去过已回(经历)
She has been to Paris twice.
- Have gone to:去了未归(状态)
Mr. Wang isn't here. He has gone to Shanghai.
三、易错警示
不与具体过去时间连用(误:I have watched the film yesterday)
since从句用一般过去时(正:I've lived here since I was 10)
非延续动词否定式可表持续(I haven't bought books for months)
四、解题技巧
1. 找时间标志词(看到for/since/just优先考虑现在完成时)
2. 辨动词性质(延续性?非延续性?)
3. 注意语境暗示(结果影响现在?持续至今?)
典型例题:
( ) Great changes ___ in my hometown in the last ten years.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place
(答案B,因"in the last ten years"是现在完成时标志)
特殊句型
- “It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句”,表示“自从……以来已经多久了”。
例如:It is/has been three years since I came to this school.(我来这所学校已经三年了。)
初中英语现在完成时常用的时间状语副词主要包括以下几类,已按使用特点分类整理:
**一、高频核心副词**
1. **already**(已经)
- 用于肯定句,表示动作已完成
I have already finished my homework.
2. **yet**(还/已经)
- 用于否定句(表示"还未")或疑问句(表示"已经")
She hasn't arrived yet.(否定)
Have you eaten yet (疑问)
3. **just**(刚刚)
- 强调动作刚完成
He has just left the office.
4. **ever**(曾经)
- 用于疑问句,询问经历
Have you ever been to Japan
5. **never**(从未)
- 表示否定经历
I have never seen such a big dog.
**二、表示"至今"的时间状语**
6. **so far**(到目前为止)
We have learned 2,000 words so far.
7. **up to now**(直到现在)
Up to now, no one has solved the problem.
8. **recently/lately**(最近)
Have you read any good books recently
**三、与时间段连用的状语**
9. **for + 时间段**(持续多久)
They have lived here for 10 years.
10. **since + 时间点**(自从...起)
She has worked here since 2020.
11. **in the past/last few years**(在过去几年)
Great changes have happened in the past decade.
**四、其他易考副词**
12. **before**(以前)
- 用于疑问句或否定句,强调"过去任何时候"
Have you met him before
13. **once/twice...**(一次/两次...)
- 表示次数
I have watched this movie twice.
14. **several times**(几次)
He has been to Beijing several times.
** 易错提醒**
1. **just now**(刚才)→ 只能用于一般过去时(误:I have done it just now )
2. **yesterday/last week** 等具体过去时间 → 不能与现在完成时连用
**快速记忆口诀**
> "已经"用already,"还"用yet,
> "刚刚"just莫忘记,"曾经"ever问经历,
> "从未"never表否定,for/since记清晰,
> so far/recently,现在完成时标志记心里!
建议通过造句练习巩固,例如用同一动词搭配不同时间状语:
I have already read the book.
I haven't read the book yet.
Have you ever read the book
I have read it three times this month.
初中英语现在完成时中,**不规则动词的过去分词**是必考重点!以下是**高频常考的不规则动词变化表**,按变化规律分类整理,方便记忆:
### **一、AAA型(原形/过去式/过去分词同形)**
1. **cut - cut - cut** (切)
2. **put - put - put** (放)
3. **let - let - let** (让)
4. **hit - hit - hit** (打)
5. **cost - cost - cost** (花费)
6. **hurt - hurt - hurt** (受伤)
例句:The boy has cut his finger.(这个男孩割伤了手指。)
### **二、ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)**
#### 1. **-ought/-aught 结尾**
- **teach - taught - taught** (教)
- **catch - caught - caught** (抓住)
- **buy - bought - bought** (买)
- **bring - brought - brought** (带来)
#### 2. **-t 结尾**
- **build - built - built** (建造)
- **lend - lent - lent** (借出)
- **send - sent - sent** (发送)
- **spend - spent - spent** (花费)
#### 3. **-d 变 -t**
- **lose - lost - lost** (丢失)
- **feel - felt - felt** (感觉)
#### 4. **其他变化**
- **have - had - had** (有)
- **make - made - made** (制作)
- **keep - kept - kept** (保持)
- **leave - left - left** (离开)
例句:She has taught English for 5 years.(她教英语5年了。)
**三、ABC型(原形/过去式/过去分词均不同)**
1. **begin - began - begun** (开始)
2. **drink - drank - drunk** (喝)
3. **sing - sang - sung** (唱)
4. **swim - swam - swum** (游泳)
5. **ring - rang - rung** (响铃)
6. **write - wrote - written** (写)
7. **drive - drove - driven** (驾驶)
8. **ride - rode - ridden** (骑)
9. **rise - rose - risen** (上升)
10. **break - broke - broken** (打破)
11. **speak - spoke - spoken** (说话)
12. **steal - stole - stolen** (偷)
例句:He has written a letter.(他已经写了一封信。)
**四、特殊变化(易错!)**
1. **go - went - gone** (去)
She has gone to Beijing.(她去了北京,未回来)
区分:**been**(去过已回) She has been to Beijing.(她去过北京)
2. **see - saw - seen** (看见)
3. **do - did - done** (做)
4. **eat - ate - eaten** (吃)
5. **fall - fell - fallen** (掉落)
6. **give - gave - given** (给)
7. **take - took - taken** (拿)
8. **wear - wore - worn** (穿)
例句:They have seen the movie twice.(这部电影他们看了两次。)
**五、高频考点动词对比**
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 常见考点 |
|------------|------------|------------|--------------------------|
| **fly** | flew | flown | 飞行 |
| **draw** | drew | drawn | 画画 |
| **grow** | grew | grown | 生长 |
| **know** | knew | known | 知道 |
| **throw** | threw | thrown | 扔 |
** 记忆技巧**
1. **分类记忆**:按AAA/ABB/ABC型分组背诵。
2. **对比区分**:重点记忆易混词(如go→gone/been, see→saw→seen)。
3. **造句练习**:用现在完成时造句(如I have done my homework)。
**口诀**:
> "切放让"AAA,过去分词不变它;
> "买教带"变ought,ABB型要记牢;
> "写骑唱"ABC,三变形式各不同;
> go→gone别写错,been表去过要分清!
建议每天默写10个不规则动词,结合现在完成时句子强化记忆!

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