资源简介 小升初分类复习:动词讲义及练习一、动词的定义与分类(一)定义动词是表示动作、行为、发展变化、心理活动或存在、消失等的词,在句子中充当谓语,是句子的核心部分,用来描述主语做什么或处于什么状态 。(二)分类实义动词(行为动词):具有实际意义,能独立作谓语,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词(vt.):后面必须跟宾语意义才完整,如 like(喜欢),可表达为 like sth.(喜欢某物),I like apples.(我喜欢苹果。);want(想要),want sth.(想要某物),She wants a new book.(她想要一本新书。)不及物动词(vi.):本身意义完整,后面不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,需加适当介词,如 go(去),go to school(去上学);listen(听),listen to music(听音乐) 。连系动词:本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。常见的连系动词有:be 动词:am,is,are(一般现在时);was,were(一般过去时),如 I am a student.(我是一名学生。);She was happy yesterday.(她昨天很开心。)感官动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来;感觉),如 The flower looks beautiful.(这朵花看起来很漂亮。);The music sounds wonderful.(这音乐听起来很棒。)表示变化的动词:become(变得)、get(变得)、turn(变得),如 It becomes cold in winter.(冬天天气变得很冷。);The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(秋天树叶变黄。)助动词:本身无实际意义,不能单独作谓语,用于帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句、否定句、强调句等。常见的助动词有:be 动词:用于构成进行时态(am/is/are + 现在分词;was/were + 现在分词)和被动语态(be + 过去分词),如 He is reading a book.(他正在读书。现在进行时);The book was written by Lu Xun.(这本书是鲁迅写的。被动语态)do/does/did:用于构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句,如 Do you like English (你喜欢英语吗?一般现在时疑问句);He didn’t go to school yesterday.(他昨天没去上学。一般过去时否定句)have/has/had:用于构成完成时态(have/has + 过去分词;had + 过去分词),如 I have seen the film.(我已经看过这部电影了。现在完成时);She had finished her homework before dinner.(她在晚饭前就完成了作业。过去完成时)情态动词:本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的语气、态度或情态,但不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有 can(能;会)、could(can 的过去式,能;可以)、may(可以;可能)、might(may 的过去式,可能)、must(必须)、should(应该)等,如 I can speak English.(我会说英语。);You should study hard.(你应该努力学习。)二、动词的时态(一)一般现在时用法表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与 always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时)、every day/week/month/year(每天 / 每周 / 每月 / 每年)等时间状语连用。例如:He often plays football after school.(他经常放学后踢足球。)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。例如:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。例如:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)2.动词变化形式be 动词:主语是 I 时用 am;主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it 等)时用 is;其他情况用 are 。实义动词:主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加 -s 或 -es,变化规则与名词变复数的部分规则相似。一般情况直接加 -s,如 work - works,read - reads;以 s,x,sh,ch,o 结尾的动词加 -es,如 teach - teaches,go - goes;以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加 -es,如 study - studies 。其他情况动词用原形。(二)一般过去时用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 yesterday(昨天)、last week/month/year(上周 / 上月 / 去年)、two days ago(两天前)、in 2020(在 2020 年)等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如:I went to the park yesterday.(我昨天去公园了。)动词变化形式be 动词:主语是 I/he/she/it 时用 was;主语是 we/you/they 时用 were 。实义动词:有规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化一般在动词原形后加 -ed,一般情况直接加 -ed,如 play - played;以不发音的 e 结尾的动词加 -d,如 live - lived;以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加 -ed,如 carry - carried;重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加 -ed,如 stop - stopped 。不规则变化需特殊记忆,如 go - went,do - did,have - had 。(三)一般将来时用法:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,或将来经常、反复发生的动作。构成形式will + 动词原形:will 可用于所有人称,例如:He will go to Beijing next week.(他下周将去北京。)be going to + 动词原形:表示计划、打算做某事,或根据迹象推测将要发生的事情,例如:It is going to rain.(要下雨了。);I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.(我这个周末打算去看望我的祖父母。)(四)现在进行时用法:表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作,常与 now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)等词连用。例如:Look! They are playing basketball.(看!他们正在打篮球。)构成形式:am/is/are + 动词的现在分词(动词原形 + -ing) 。动词变现在分词的规则:一般情况直接加 -ing,如 read - reading;以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,去 e 加 -ing,如 write - writing;重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加 -ing,如 run - running 。三、动词的语态 —— 被动语态(一)定义被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。(二)构成形式一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词,例如:The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天都被打扫。)一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词,例如:The book was written by him.(这本书是他写的。)四、非谓语动词(简单了解)(一)动词不定式(to + 动词原形)可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等。例如:To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要。作主语);I want to go home.(我想回家。作宾语);My mother asks me to do my homework.(我妈妈让我做作业。作宾语补足语)(二)动名词(动词原形 + -ing)可作主语、宾语、表语等。例如:Reading is my hobby.(阅读是我的爱好。作主语);I enjoy watching TV.(我喜欢看电视。作宾语)五、配套练习(一)单项选择She ______ to school by bike every day.A. go B. goes C. went D. will goLook! The children ______ games in the garden.A. play B. plays C. are playing D. playedMy father ______ a lot of work last week.A. do B. does C. did D. will doWe ______ a trip to Beijing next month.A. take B. takes C. took D. will takeI ______ the book already.A. read B. reads C. have read D. am readingThe house ______ by my grandfather many years ago.A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built______ you ______ the film last night A. Do; see B. Did; see C. Will; see D. Are; seeingHe ______ English for five years.A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learnListen! Someone ______ at the door.A. knocks B. knocked C. is knocking D. will knockIf it ______ tomorrow, we ______ a picnic.A. doesn’t rain; will have B. won’t rain; haveC. isn’t raining; have D. didn’t rain; had(二)用所给动词的适当形式填空She ______ (go) to school at 7:00 every morning.Look! The boys ______ (play) football on the playground.We ______ (visit) the museum last weekend.They ______ (have) a party next Sunday.I ______ (read) the book twice. It’s very interesting.The cake ______ (make) by my mother yesterday.______ you ______ (see) the film yet He ______ (be) a doctor when he grows up.My father ______ (watch) TV every evening.Listen! The birds ______ (sing) in the tree.(三)按要求完成句子He plays basketball every day.(改为否定句)2.They are having a PE class now.(改为一般疑问句)3.I went to the zoo last Sunday.(对划线部分提问)4.She will go to the park tomorrow.(改为一般疑问句)5.The workers built the bridge last year.(改为被动语态)六、答案(一)单项选择B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A(二)用所给动词的适当形式填空goes 2. are playing 3. visited 4. will have 5. have read 6. was made 7. Have; seen 8. will be 9. watches 10. are singing(三)按要求完成句子He doesn’t play basketball every day.Are they having a PE class now Where did you go last Sunday Will she go to the park tomorrow The bridge was built by the workers last year. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览