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(共71张PPT)
第十章 复 合 句
考点导图
在近5年广东中考中，语法选择主要考查并列句、状语从句和宾语从句：（1）分析语境，判断前后分句间的逻辑关系，再根据各选项的含义与用法确定答案，如（2022.32）（2023.37）；（2）先分析从句类型，再确定考点。宾语从句一般考查引导词、时态和语序三要素，如（2021.32）（2024.37）。
1 （2020）They made a cross with some wood sticks, ______37______ then Judie painted a butterfly on a piece of white paper.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
真题解析 考查并列句。考查并列连词and表示递进关系。故选A。
2 （2020）“Judie, can you tell me ______40______ you like butterflies ” asked her dad. Judie replied, “To me, butterflies mean beauty and freedom!”
A. why B. which C. what D. when
真题解析 考查宾语从句。考查引导词why（表原因）的选用。故选A。
3 （2021）Guess how long ______32______. It is 516 meters—over five football fields long.
A. it is B. is it C. it was D. was it
真题解析 考查宾语从句。考查宾语从句的时态以及陈述句语序。故选A。
4 （2022）She loved singing and dancing ______32______ she was a little girl.
A. if B. when C. because
真题解析 考查时间状语从句。考查从属连词when引导时间状语从句。故选B。
5 （2023）It had a lot of fun training programs, ______37______ he enjoyed all of them.
A. or B. but C. and
真题解析 考查并列句。考查并列连词and表示并列关系。故选C。
6 （2023)There he was often asked ______38______ he liked space camps so much. “I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp …”
A. why B. when C. where
真题解析 考查宾语从句。考查引导词why（表原因）的选用。故选A。
7 （2024）His mother is satisfied with ______37______ he spends his money.
A. how B. which C. whether
真题解析 考查宾语从句。考查引导词how（表如何）的选用。故选A。
在近5年广东中考中，短文填空主要考查并列句、状语从句和宾语从句：（1）分析前后分句之间的逻辑关系，结合上下文和句意，使用正确的连词，如（2021.74）（2024.69）；（2）分析从句类型，结合语境判断空格处表达的含义，使用正确的引导词，如（2021.75）（2023.67）。
1 （2020）She is only ten years old, ______66______ she has big ideas of helping other kids.
真题解析 考查并列句。考查并列连词but / yet表示转折关系。故填but / yet。
2 （2020）After she returned home, she kept thinking about ______69______ to do to help those kids.
真题解析 考查宾语从句。考查引导词what（表“什么”）。故填what。
3 （2021）But Lao Pan did not begin to understand China ______70______ he and his family took a 3-month drive around the country.
真题解析 考查时间状语从句。考查从属连词until引导时间状语从句。not … until … （直到……才……）。故填until。
4 （2021）Lao Pan often says he loves China ______74______ its people so much.
真题解析 考查并列句。考查并列连词and表示并列关系。故填and。
5 （2021）He sees it as a life-long task to let more Westerners know ______75______ China is like.
真题解析 考查宾语从句。考查引导词what。what sb. / sth.is like（……是怎样的）。故填what。
6 （2023）Can you guess ______67______ it is Yes, it's the toothbrush. （选项：what）
真题解析 考查宾语从句。考查引导词what（表“什么”）。故填what。
7 （2023）For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair ______71______ pig hair was too hard. （选项：because）
真题解析 考查原因状语从句。考查从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
8 （2024）She has realized the benefits of sports ______69______ is now a big fan of biking. （选项：and）
真题解析 考查并列句。考查并列连词and表示并列关系。故填and。
9 （2024）“I feel free and peaceful ______70______ I ride,” Wang said. （选项：whenever）
真题解析 考查时间状语从句。考查从属连词whenever引导时间状语从句。故填whenever。
考点精讲精练
【概念】并列句是由并列连词将两个或两个以上具有平等关系的简单句连接起来的句子。不同的并列连词表示单词、短语、句子之间的不同关系，分为并列、转折、因果、选择四类。
考点1
并列句
1.表示并列关系
并列连词 意义及用法 举 例
and ( 5 年 4 考 ) )意为“和；又；而且；并且”，连接两个相同的成分，表示并列、递进或顺承关系 She didn't speak to anyone and nobody spoke to her. 她不跟别人说话，也没人跟她说话。
both … and … 意为“……和……(两者)都……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Both he and his wife enjoy tennis.他和他妻子都喜欢网球。
as well as 意为“和；还有”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就远原则” Lily as well as her friends likes watching TV.莉莉和她的朋友们喜欢看电视。
not only …
but also … 意为“不仅……而且……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则” Not only she but also her friends speak Spanish. 不仅她，她的朋友们也会说西班牙语。
neither … nor … 意为“既不……也不……；两者都不”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则” Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 学生和老师都不知道这件事。
2.表示转折关系
并列连词 意义及用法 举 例
but (2020.66) 意为“但是；然而” They rushed to the hospital, but they were too late.他们急忙赶到医院，但是已经太迟了。
用于“not ... but ... ”句型，意为“不是……而是……” Tom is not a writer but a teacher.汤姆不是一名作家，而是一位老师。
yet (2020.66) 意为“但是；可是；然而”，表示含惊讶之意的转折 He has a good job, yet he never seems to have any money. 他有份好工作，然而他却好像总是没有钱。
while 意为“却；但是；而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别 Some people waste food while others don't have enough. 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
3.表示因果关系
并列连词 意义及用法 举 例
so 意为“因此；所以”，不能与because连用 I was feeling hungry, so I made myself a sandwich.我感到饿了，所以就做了个三明治吃。
for 意为“因为；由于”，通常只能置于句末，用逗号与前面的分句隔开，起补充说明或解释原因的作用 He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.他觉得阅读越来越费劲，因为他的视力开始衰退了。
4.表示选择关系
并列连词 意义及用法 举 例
or 意为“或；或者；还是” Shall we go out to the cinema or stay at home 我们是出去看电影还是留在家里？
either … or … 意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则” Either he or you have to go. 要么他去，要么你去。
whether … or … 意为“是……还是……” He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.他似乎拿不定主意是去还是留。
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. We must get up at 7：00 tomorrow morning, ____________ we'll be late for the train. （2024黑龙江龙东地区）
A. and B. or C. but
( )2. Plastic waste has been a serious problem, ____________ the United Nations is making new rules to deal with it. （2024黑龙江牡丹江）
A. so B. but C. or
B
A
( )3. —What do you think of the movie Article 20 (《第二十条》)
—Wonderful! And ____________ my brother ____________ my sister like it.
A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or
A
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
4. Oh, I get it—you want me to do all the work ____________ you sit at home doing nothing. （2024江西改编）
5. It was difficult to climb the mountain, ____________ Sam got to the top at last. （2023北京改编）
6. Everyone will have to go out of their houses ____________ meet their neighbors. (2023江苏扬州改编)
while
but
and
or and while whether but
【概念】状语从句在句中充当状语，由从属连词引导，它可以位于句首、句中或句末。根据其作用可分为时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果等状语从句。
考点2
状语从句
1.状语从句及其从属连词
类 别 从属连词及用法 举 例
时间 状语从句 ①before (在……之前)
②after (在……之后)
③as soon as (一……就……)
④once (一旦)
⑤since (自……以来)
⑥whenever (每当)（2024.70） As soon as you hear any good news，please let me know.你一听到好消息，就请告诉我。
①while意为“当……时候”，后接延续性动词
②when 意为“当……时候”(2022.32)，后可接延续性动词或非延续性动词 Many people were taking the train when heavy rains hit Beijing.＝Heavy rains hit Beijing when / while many people were taking the train. 当暴雨袭击北京的时候，很多人都在火车上。
①until意为“直到……为止”，修饰延续性动词
②not … until … 意为“直到……才……”(2021.70)，修饰非延续性动词 I waited until it got dark.我一直等到天黑。
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到6点才到。
类 别 从属连词及用法 举 例
条件 状语从句 ①if(如果)
②unless＝if … not (除非；如果不)
③as long as (只要) You will fail the exam if you don't prepare for it.=You will fail the exam unless you prepare for it. 如果你不好好准备考试，你将会不及格。
We'll go as long as the weather is good.只要天气好，我们就去。
让步 状语从句 ①though / although (虽然)
②even if / though (即使)
【注意】though / although, even if / though都不能与but连用 Although / Though she's very young， she knows quite a lot. 尽管她非常年轻，但她懂得很多。
We won't give up even if / though we may fail again.即使我们可能会再次失败，我们也不会放弃。
原因 状语从句 ①because意为“因为”(2023.71)，语气最强，常用于回答why的提问，不能与so连用
②since意为“既然”，表示已知的、显然的理由，语气较because弱
③as意为“因为；由于”，语气最弱 The stars look small because they are far away from us. 因为星星离我们很远，所以看起来很小。
Since everyone is here， let's start our meeting.既然大家都到了， 那我们开始开会吧。
As you were out, I left a message.因为你不在，所以我留了一条口信。
类 别 从属连词及用法 举 例
目 的 状语从句 so that / in order that (为了；以便) Please say it slowly，so that / in order that I can understand you. 请你说慢点，好让我能听明白。
结果 状语从句 so / such … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”， 其中so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词
【注意】当名词前面有many， much， few， little修饰时，只能用so， 不能用such He is so good a boy / such a good boy that we all like him.他是如此好的一个男孩，所以我们都喜欢他。
There is so much food here that no one will starve.这里有很多食物，没有人会挨饿。
2.“主将从现”与时态呼应
一些从属连词连接时间或条件状语从句时，要注意主句和从句之间的时态和形式。
主 句 从 句 举 例
主 句从 句举 例主句的三种形式：
①主将(主句用一般将来时)
②主情(主句含有情态动词)
③主祈(主句是祈使句) 当主句符合左栏的三种形式时，从句常用一般现在时 When your father returns，he will bring some gifts for you. 等你爸爸回来时，他会给你带些礼物的。
We should obey the rules when we are in public places.在公众场所时，我们应该遵守规则。
If you like delicious food, come to Guangzhou. 如果你喜欢美食，就来广州。
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. Bob watches the news every night _______ he wonders what's going on around the world. （2024吉林）
A. although B. because C. unless
( )2. Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ____________ you often use them.
（2024江苏常州改编）
A. when B. unless C. if
B
B
( )3. Everyone loves my dog Coffee， ____________ he often makes a mess at home. （2024江苏无锡改编）
A. until B. since C. though
( )4. ____________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list，try a To-Don't list. （2024江苏扬州改编）
A. If B. Until C. Although
( )5. —There is still a long way to go _______ we finish the task.
—Don't worry. Let's go on with it together.
（2024安徽改编）
A. as long as B. as soon as C. before
C
A
C
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
6. —Do you know Zhang Guimei, one of the “People Who Moved China”（感动中国人物）
—Yes. ____________ she met lots of difficulties，she successfully helped so many students to go to college. （2024四川乐山改编）
7. You will never truly understand your parents' great love ____________ you grow up. （2024四川泸州改编）
8. —We can't get on or off the bus ____________ it is moving.
—You're right.
although after until since while
Although
until
while
考点3
宾语从句
【概念】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中作动词、形容词或介词的宾语。主要考查三要素：引导词、语序和时态。
1.引导词
从 句 引导词及用法 举 例
陈述句 that，无词义，可省略 I believe (that) our country will be stronger and stronger. 我相信我们的国家会越来越强大。
一般疑问句 if / whether，通常可以互相替换，但是如果有or或or not时，只能用whether She wondered if / whether she had another chance. 她想知道她是否有另一次机会。
He is worried whether he can enter a good high school or not. 他担心他是否能考进一所好的高中。
特殊疑问句 what（5年3考）， who， which， where， why（5年2考）， whose， how（2024.37）等 The teacher asked the students where they would like to go for the study trip. 老师问学生们他们想去哪里研学。
They wondered what had happened.他们想知道发生了什么事。
2.语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序， 即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”(2021.32)。
例 Nobody knows what the future will be like.没人知道未来会是怎样的。
3.时态
主句时态 从句时态 举 例
现在时态 可用任何时态，由实际情况而定 She believes that he will arrive on time for his flight. 她相信他会准时赶上航班。
过去时态 通常也用相应的过去时态 The story told how the four girls made a movie within just three days. 这个故事讲述了4个女孩是如何在3天内制作了一部电影。
【注意】当从句是客观事实或真理时，只能用一般现在时（2021.32）；当主句含有情态动词could / would时（用于请求，表示委婉、客气的语气），从句可用任何时态，由实际情况而定。
例 Our teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.我们的老师告诉我们太阳东升西落。
Could you please tell me what the weather will be like tomorrow 你能告诉我明天的天气如何吗？
【拓展】if和when在宾语从句和状语从句中的区别：
类 别 意 义 用 法 举 例
if 是否 后接宾语从句，多用 于一般将来时 I don't know if he will come. If he comes， I will tell you. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来了，我就告诉你。
如果 后接状语从句，时态 为“主将从现”
when 什么时候 后接宾语从句，多用 于一般将来时 I don't know when he will finish his homework. When he finishes，I will take him to visit you. 我不知道他什么时候会完成作业。当他完成时，我就带他去拜访你。
当……时候 后接状语从句，时态 为“主将从现”
4.宾语从句的注意事项
（1）宾语从句的否定转移：在宾语从句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是think，believe，expect，suppose等时，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。
例 I don't think that he understands the importance of climate change.我认为他不理解气候变化的重要性。
（2）宾语从句的简化：当宾语从句是疑问句，且主、从句的主语一致时，从句可以简化为“疑问词+动词不定式（to do sth.）”结构（2020.69）。
例 They asked how they could solve the problem.=They asked how to solve the problem.他们问怎么解决这个问题。
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. —I just went back from Guangzhou. Can you guess ____________
—I suppose you took the high-speed train（高铁）.
（2024四川乐山）
A. how did I get there B. when I got there
C. how I got there
C
( )2. —Tim, do you know _______ the art festival
—Sure! Next Friday. （2024北京改编）
A. when did we hold B. when will we hold
C. when we will hold
( )3. —Could you tell me ？
—He likes the Science Museum best. （2024天津改编）
A. when Kevin visited the museum
B. which museum Kevin likes best
C. which museum Kevin liked best
C
B
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
4. With the development of the technology，nobody knows ____________ the world will be like.
（2024 黑龙江龙东地区改编）
5. Teenagers don't always understand ____________ their parents have so many rules. （2024江苏扬州改编）
6. Diana isn't sure ____________ Betty will come or not.
（2024四川广安改编）
where what why how whether
what
why
whether
考点4
关系从句(定语从句)
【概念】在复合句中，修饰某一名词（词组）或代词的从句叫作关系从句（亦称“定语从句”）。关系从句在句中充当定语成分，被修饰的词叫作先行词，引导关系从句的词叫作关系词。
1.关系代词的用法
关系代词 先行词 充当成分 举 例
who 人 主语/宾 语 Do you know the woman who is giving a lesson in space now？你知道那个正在太空授课的女人是谁吗？（作主语）
Grandpa is a wise old man who we all like to talk with. 爷爷是一位我们都喜欢跟他聊天的智慧老者。（作宾语）
whom (课标未做要求) 人 宾语 He is the man whom we are talking about.他就是我们正在谈论的那个人。（作宾语）
关系代词 先行词 充当成分 举 例
which 物 主语/ 宾语 This is a book which makes young people moved.这是一本让年轻人感动的书。（作主语）
This is the question which we've had so much discussion about.这就是那个我们讨论过很多次的问题。（作宾语）
that 人/物 主语/宾语 The dog that is playing with you is mine.正和你玩的那条狗是我的。（作主语）
She is the lady that I want to visit next week.她就是我下周想要拜访的那位女士。（作宾语）
whose (课标未做要求) 人/物 定语 It's the house whose door is painted red.这就是那幢门涂成红色的房子。（作定语）
【注意】
（1）关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时，常可省略。
例 The watch (that / which) you gave me keeps perfect time. 你给我的那块表走得很准。
The people (that / who / whom) we met in France sent us a card. 我们在法国遇到的那些人寄给了我们一张卡片。
（2）由“介词+关系代词”引导的关系从句中，指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom，且不可省略。
例 Mr. Lee lent me a book in which all my classmates were interested.李老师借给我一本我同班同学都感兴趣的书。
The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.和我一起旅行的那个朋友说法语。
（3）关系从句中谓语动词的数应和先行词的数保持一致。
例 Mary is a girl who / that has long hair.玛丽是一个留着长发的女生。
2.关系代词只用that不用which的情况
情 况 举 例
当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 This is the first thing that we have to do. 这是我们不得不做的第一件事情。
This is the most beautiful picture that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最美丽的图画。
当先行词为不定代词时 Is there anything that I can do for you？有什么我可以为您效劳的吗？
当先行词同时含有人和物时 We talked about the people and the villages that we could remember. 我们谈论了我们能记起的人们和村庄。
当先行词被the only， the last， the very，the same等修饰时 Beth is the only friend that I have in this town. 贝丝是我在这个镇上唯一的朋友。
当主句是由who或which引导的特殊疑问句时 Which is the book that you bought yesterday 你昨天买的是哪本书？
( )1. The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance _______ is quite popular these days.
（2024黑龙江牡丹江）
A. who B. which C. whose
( )2. —I'll never forget the experiences _______ we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
（2024四川乐山）
A. when B. who C. that
B
C
( )3. Yu Gong Moves the Mountains is the best story _______ I have ever read. （2023湖南湘西州）
A. who B. where C. that
( )4. A true friend is a person _______ can help you when you are in trouble. （2024甘肃临夏州改编）
A. who B. whom C. whose
C
A
语篇考点专练
一、短文填空
主题：善良的重要性 词数：117 难度：★★ 建议用时：4 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
Cooperation （合作） comes from friendship. Friendship comes from trust. ___1____ trust comes from kindness. It's easy to tell that kindness is very important. What is kindness then To be exact, kindness is the quality （品质） ___2____ shows friendliness. ___3____ we give up our seats on the bus or help a classmate solve a math problem,
but if that and while what how
And
that
If
we are showing kindness. Actually, these acts are done without expectation of reward (回报). We begin to realize that ___4____ we're helping others, we're in fact helping ourselves. Showing kindness benefits us in different ways. It helps us know ___5____ to be caring and patient. It develops our problem-solving skills. It also gives us the chance to be thankful. （2024辽宁改编）
but if that and while what how
while
how
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________
4. ____________ 5. ____________
And
that
If
while
how
二、语法选择
主题：一只小猫带来的改变 词数：213 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins
I was always busy with work and travel. I didn't think I would have time or energy to care for a pet. But everything changed ___1____ I met Kitty.
( )1. A. when B. before C. until
A
Kitty was a homeless cat ___2____ I found on the street one rainy night. She was wet, hungry and frightened, and she looked at me as if she was begging (祈求) for help. ___3____ I decided to take her to my home.
( )2. A. what B. that C. whose
( )3. A. But B. Or C. So
B
C
At first, Kitty was shy and nervous. She ___4____ under the sofa and only came out when I offered her food and water. She didn't like to be touched or held, and she would scratch (挠) me ___5____ I tried to touch her. I wondered whether she would ever trust me or love me.
( )4. A. hides B. hid C. was hiding
( )5. A. if B. unless C. although
B
A
But as time went by, Kitty started to warm up to me. She began ___6____ me around the house, and sit next to me on the sofa or the bed. She would play ___7____ with the toys I bought her and would wait for me at the door when I came home from work.
( )6. A. follow B. followed C. to follow
( )7. A. happy B. happily C. happiness
C
B
Kitty changed ___8____ life for the better. She made me feel more ___9____. She taught me ___10____ to be more patient and caring. I loved her so much.
（2024内蒙古赤峰改编）
( )8. A. mine B. me C. my
( )9. A. relax B. relaxed C. relaxing
( )10. A. how B. whether C. what
C
B
A
三、短文填空
主题：观看日出 词数：248 难度：★★★ 建议用时：8 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
“Sunrise gold” is a color that means a lot to me. The color mixes gold with a bit of red and yellow. I like it ______1 ______ it gives me peace，energy and hope in the face of difficulty.
until make because with but although I and warm when that unless
because
___2____ I was in the eighth grade，I took part in a speech competition. ___3____ I made all my efforts，I didn't win. The failure hit me hard and ___4____ me feel painful. I had trouble falling asleep that night. It was 3：30 in the morning， and there was nothing ___5____ me and my unhappy heart. I got up and went upstairs to the roof（屋顶） top to clear my mind.
until make because with but although I and warm when that unless
When
Although
made
but
I stayed there ___6____ a ray of (一缕) light appeared in the sky. At first，it was orange and red，but after a short while，the sun awoke from its sleep and painted the sky ___7____ its gold color. I felt its ___8____ flow through my body and into my heart. The rays of light woke up the gentle morning wind and sent it moving across the field，touching my face and everything gently.
until make because with but although I and warm when that unless
until
with
warmth
There and then I realized ___9____ the past is history，no matter how much we regret it. I thought to ___10____， “Maybe I can start once more.” I went downstairs，feeling energetic and hopeful.
Now，whenever I face difficulties，I always think of the “sunrise gold” that morning. （2024江苏常州改编）
until make because with but although I and warm when that unless
that
myself
1.____________ 2. ____________
3. ____________ 4. ____________
5. ____________ 6. ____________
7. ____________ 8. ____________
9. ____________ 10. ____________
because
When
Although
made
but
until
with
warmth
that
myself

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