资源简介

(共37张PPT)
第五章 数 词
考点导图
在近5年广东中考中，短文填空主要考查概数的表达方式：通过空格前是否有具体数词修饰或空格后是否有of来判断空格处是表达确切数目还是概数，如（2023.72）。
（2023）Imagine that you travel back to ______72______ of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably.（选项：hundred）
真题解析 考查概数的表达方式。hundreds of为固定搭配，意为“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。
考点精讲精练
1. 基数词的基本构成
考点1
基数词
基本构成 举 例
基数词1~12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13~19以-teen结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,
eighteen, nineteen
基数词20~90的整十位数以-ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy,
eighty, ninety
基数词21~99(不含整十位数)的十位与个位之间要加连字符“-” twenty-one, thirty-two
基数词100~999：百位与十位之间一般用连词and连接，十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”；如果十位是“0”，则百位与个位之间用and连接 one hundred and sixty-one, one hundred and one
基数词1 000及以上：阿拉伯数字从右往左数，每三位数加“，”，第一个逗号前用thousand，第二个逗号前用million，第三个逗号前用billion 123,456：one hundred and twenty-three thousand， four hundred and fifty-six
常见用法 举 例
表示数目的多少 seven days 7天，fifty students 50个学生
表示倍数 和次数 表示“一倍；一次”用once，“两倍；两次”用twice，三倍或三次以上用“基数词＋times” I have been to London three times. 我去过伦敦3次。
表示时刻 顺读法：适用于任何时刻的表达，用基数词表述“小时数＋分钟数(整点用o'clock)” 6：00读作six o'clock，
6：45读作six forty-five
逆读法：
分钟数≤30，用“分钟数＋past＋小时数”;
分钟数>30，用“(60-分钟数)＋to＋(小时数＋1)”
【注意】在逆读法中，15分钟一般用a quarter表示，30分钟一般用half表示 6：05读作five past six，
6：50读作ten to seven
2. 基数词的常见用法
常见用法 举 例
表示年份 “in+年份”表示“在具体某一年” My brother was born in 2005.我的哥哥出生于2005年。
“in+the+整十年份+-s / 's”表示“在……世纪……年代” He worked as a shop assistant in the 1980s / 1980's.在20世纪80年代他是一名售货员。
表示编号 单数可数名词(首字母大写)＋基数词(首字母大写)＝the＋序数词(首字母小写)＋单数可数名词(首字母小写) Unit One＝the first unit第1单元
Page Two＝the second page第2页
表示年龄 “at the age of＋基数词”表示“在(某人)……岁时” at the age of fifteen 在15岁时
“基数词-year-old”表示“……岁的”，作定语 a five-year-old boy 一个5岁大的男孩
“基数词＋year(s)＋old”表示“……岁”，作表语 He is five years old.他5岁。
“in＋one's＋整十复数(改y为i＋-es)”表示“在某人几十岁时” in his thirties 在他30多岁时
常见用法 举 例
其他重要表达 其他重要表达“基数词-单位名词（meter，feet，inch等）-形容词（long，wide，high等）”表示长、宽、高等，作定语 There is a one-meter-wide desk.这里有一张1米宽的桌子。
“基数词+单位名词(s) (meter, feet, inch等)+形容词(long, wide, high等)”表示长、宽、高等，作表语 The desk is one meter wide.这张桌子1米宽。
【拓展】
1. hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法
（1）表示确切数目：当它们前面有具体的数字时，词尾不能加-s，也不能与of连用。
例 There are four thousand students in my school.我的学校有4 000名学生。
（2）表示概数：当它们与of连用时，词尾要加-s，且前面不能加具体的数字(2023.72)。
例 Thousands of people lost their lives during the war.成千上万的人在战争中丧生。
2. 小数、百分数表达法：小数点读作point，百分号“%”读作percent
例 5.65读作five point six five，30%读作thirty percent
【注意】“小数 / 百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
例 30 percent of the water is used up. 30%的水被用光了。
( )1. —Look at the triangle on the right. If AC=3, BC=4, how long is AB
—It's _______. (2024四川凉山)
A. five B. seven C. twelve
A
( )2. Two ____________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can't afford to buy it.（2024黑龙江龙东地区改编）
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of
( )3. —How long is the bridge
—About ____________ long. （2024内蒙古呼伦贝尔改编）
A. two thousand meter B. two thousand meters
C. two thousands meter
B
B
( )4. My aunt became a nurse in her _______ and she still loves her job now.
A. twenties B. twentieth C. twenty
( )5. Now, everybody, please turn to Page _______ and look at the _______ picture.
A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth
A
B
1. 基数词变序数词的规律
考点2
序数词
规律口诀 举 例
基变序，容易记，词尾加上-th；一二三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d；八去t，九去e， f来把ve替；若是遇到整十数，ty变作tie;若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以 four→fourth, eighteen→eighteenth
one→first, two→second, three→third
eight→eighth, nine→ninth, five→fifth
twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth
twenty-one→twenty-first, fifty-four→fifty-fourth
2. 序数词的常见用法
常见用法 举 例
表示事物的先后顺序，常与定冠词the连用 This is the first present.这是第一份礼物。
“a / an＋序数词”表示“再一；又一” a second chance第二次机会，a third time 第三次
表示分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词(子基母序)；当分子大于1时，分母的序数词要加-s one third三分之一，two fifths五分之二
【注意】“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如：
Five sixths of the homework has been finished.六分之五的作业已经完成了。
【拓展】
1. 序数词前不加the的情况
（1）当序数词作副词充当状语时，不用加the。
例 I took out my book first. 首先，我拿出了我的书。
（2）当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时，省略the。
例 This is my second time to Beijing.这是我第二次到北京。
（3）序数词在一些固定搭配中不加the。
例 at first起初，first of all首先，from first to last自始至终，at first sight第一眼
2. 表示具体日期时，年用基数词，日用序数词（书写时也可用基数词）
例 2023年8月19日，可写作：August 19(th), 2023；可读作：August the nineteenth, two thousand and twenty-three
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. —Why is Jenny so happy
—Because today is her _______ wedding anniversary.
（2024四川达州）
A. fifth B. the fifth C. five
( )2. —____________ of the students in our class have passed the exam.
—Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder.
（2024内蒙古呼和浩特改编）
A. One fifth B. Four fifths C. Four five
A
B
( )3. I am ____________ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister. （2024山东东营改编）
A.two B. second C. the second
( )4. ____________ of the students are in the art club.
（2024西藏改编）
A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Third two
C
B
( )5. —There is going to be ____________ Art Festival next week.
—Great. We can enjoy some beautiful paintings again.
（2024四川自贡改编）
A.two B. second C. the second
C
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
6. June is the ________ month of a year.（2024甘肃白银改编）
7. People plant ____________ of trees on Tree-Planting Day every year. （2023湖南怀化改编）
8. The number of the fans going to this concert is about three thousand. And _________ thirds of them are girls.
（2023山东滨州改编）
9. This piece of music is so beautiful that I have heard it twice. I'd like to listen to it a ____________ time.
10. At ____________， Gregory was shy and hardly spoke. But finally he spoke confidently.
sixth
one two three hundred five seven six
hundreds
two
third
first
语篇考点专练
When I was young, I loved paper cutting.I joined the paper cutting club at the age of ___1____. I learned to make paper cuttings there five ___2____ a week. Our teacher, Ms.Li, was very talented. With a pair of scissors and a piece of paper, she could create lively works. At ___3____, that amazed us. Then we learned much from her. Together, we created ___4____ of works. They covered many topics,
hundred last time change ten hold one
ten
times
first
hundreds
including animals, flowers and things about Chinese history. Every time we ___5____ a paper cutting show, our works attracted many visitors. I want to be an inheritor (继承者) of the ancient Chinese culture. Together with other inheritors, I hope to pass down our excellent culture.
(2024陕西改编)
held
hundred last time change ten hold one
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________
4. ____________ 5. ____________
ten
times
first
hundreds
held
A
B
The young man ___3____ his father his sadness and how much he missed him. To his surprise, he received an unexpected text message from the phone number two ___4____ later. He was encouraged to face difficulties in life bravely.
( )3. A.tell B. tells C. told
( )4. A.day B. days C. days'
C
B
The phone number belongs to Mr.Gao now—a ___5____ man. At ___6____, he thought it was a text message sent by mistake. After reading it carefully, he thought the man who had sent the text message must have had some difficulties and needed to ___7____.
( )5. A.kind B. kindness C. kindly
( )6. A.one B. first C. the first
( )7. A.encourage B. encouraged C. be encouraged
A
B
C
He decided to reply the text message after thinking ___8____. He told the young man that there were ___9____ challenges in the life road, but he would get better and better if he kept trying.
( )8. A.two B. twice C. second
( )9. A.hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of
B
C
The young man was moved and showed thanks to Mr. Gao. Many people were moved by the story, ___10____. Try to give the people in need a hand. Even a small help can make a great difference to their lives.
(2024四川雅安改编)
( )10. A.also B. either C. too
C
Born in 1977 in a family of engineers, Xie Xiaohui went to university in 1995. After___1____, he joined the army and was sent to Yong'an Fire Station in Sanming City, Fujian. He went on thousands of rescue (营救) tasks and saved ___2____ of people from fires with his team. Whenever the alarm bell went off, he was always the ___3____ to get out, jump onto the fire-fighting truck, and rush to the fire.
hundred he three one put knowledge graduate save point July people percent
graduation
hundreds
first
On ___4____ 26, 2004, the fire station suddenly sounded an alarm bell at 10：15—a fire broke out in a factory. During this rescue, Xie Xiaohui got 75 ___5____ burns all over his body. The local hospital did its best to ___6____ Xie's life. To avoid infection (感染), some good skin (皮肤) was needed to put onto his body. There was not much good skin on ___7____ body, so the doctors had to “rob Peter to pay Paul（拆东墙补西墙）”.
hundred he three one put knowledge graduate save point July people percent
July
percent
save
his
After going through hundreds of operations in the following ___8____ years, he joined a cycling club in order to get well from the operations. Later, he set up a cycling team to spread fire safety ___9____ by cycling around. His team trained nearly 5,500 ___10____ within three years as they tried to raise fire safety awareness (意识) among people.
hundred he three one put knowledge graduate save point July people percent
three
knowledge
people
Xie said he didn't want to be treated differently as a hero, calling saving life the duty of a firefighter, and he could do more meaningful things. （2024山东日照改编）
1. ____________ 2. ____________
3. ____________ 4. ____________
5. ____________ 6. ____________
7. ____________ 8. ____________
9. ____________ 10. ____________
graduation
hundreds
first
July
percent
save
his
three
knowledge
people

展开更多......

收起↑