资源简介

(共44张PPT)
第八章 构 词 法
考点导图
考点精讲精练
【概念】合成法是指将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新的单词，用连字符“-”连接或直接连写在一起。
考点1
合成法
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成名词 名词+名词 housewife 家庭主妇，headache 头痛
名词+动名词 handwriting笔迹，sightseeing观光
形容词+名词 highway公路，mainland大陆
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成动词 形容词/副词+动词 ill-treat虐待，overcome克服
名词+动词 sidetrack阻止，babysit照料（孩子）
合成 形容词 名词+形容词 duty-free免税的，worldwide遍布全世界的
形容词+名词 high-level高级的，full-time专职的
形容词+名词+-ed white-haired 白发的,warm-hearted 热心的
名词/形容词+现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的,good-looking好看的
名词+过去分词 heartbroken心碎的,man-made 人造的
形容词+过去分词 new-born新生的,ready-made 现成的
副词+过去分词 well-known 著名的,widespread分布广的
数词+名词 first-class一流的,second-hand二手的
数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old两岁的,two-meter-long两米长的
类 别 构 成 举 例
合成副词 形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地
形容词+副词 everywhere到处,anyhow 无论如何
副词+副词 however 然而
介词+名词 beforehand预先
介词+副词 forever永远
合成代词 代词代词宾格＋-self / -selves himself他自己，themselves 他们自己
物主代词＋-self / -selves myself我自己，yourselves 你们自己
形容词+名词 anything任何事，somebody某人
合成介词 副词+名词 outside 外面
介词+副词 without没有
副词+介词 upon 在……上面
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1.Tomorrow is National Day. Everyone is looking forward to the _______ holiday.
A.seven-days B.seven-day C.seven days
( )2.Mrs.Brown is such a _______ woman. She always appears when we need help.
A.good-looking B.ready-made
C.peace-loving D.warm-hearted
B
D
( )3.Helen is a very _______ novelist (小说家) in Australia. Her books are sold well.
A.well-dressed B.well-known
C.well-born D.well-behaved
( )4. The article is easy to _______ because there are many examples.
A. overcome B. update
C. understand D. babysit
B
C
( )5. This was not an easy decision. _______, it was his duty to make it.
A. However B. Meanwhile
C. Anyway D. Otherwise
A
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
worldwide headache well-known widespread good-looking housewife without
6.John drank too much alcohol (酒) last night, so he had a serious ____________ this morning.
7.It is a _______________ fact that bamboo is pandas' favorite food.
8.In the past, women served as ____________ while men usually made money.
9.After the storm we were ____________ electricity for five days.
10.We have companies in over 30 countries _______________.
headache
well-known
housewives
without
worldwide
【概念】派生法是指在词根上加词缀而构成新词，有前缀法和后缀法。
1.前缀法：前缀一般改变词义，不改变词性
考点2
派生法
前 缀 意 义 举 例
dis-, im-, in-,
mis-, non-, un-,
ir-, il- 表示“否定；相反” dislike不喜欢，impossible不可能的，inexpensive不昂贵的，misunderstand误会，nonsense胡说，unhappy不开心的，irregular不规则的，illegal不合法的
re- 表示“重复；再” replay重播，rewrite重写
micro-，mini- 表示“微型的；小的” microbiology微生物学，minibus小型公共汽车
inter- 表示“相互；在……之间” international国际的，interview面试
super- 表示“超级的” supermarket超市，superpower超级大国
【注意】个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化。
（1）“en-+形容词 / 名词”构成动词。
例 enlarge扩大，encourage鼓励
（2）“a-+动词”构成形容词。
例 asleep睡着，awake醒着
2.后缀法：后缀一般改变词性，不改变词义
（1）常见的名词后缀
后 缀 意 义 举 例
-or，-er，
-ist，-ian 表示“从事某种职业的人” actor演员， worker工人， scientist科学家， musician 音乐家
-ing 表示“状态；行为” building建筑，shopping购物
-ment 表示“……的行为或结果” agreement同意，development发展
-ness，-th，-ty 表示“状态；性质” happiness幸福，truth真相，safety安全
-tion，-ation 表示“状态；行为；机构” competition比赛，action行为，organization组织
-ship 表示“关系” membership会员身份，friendship友谊
（2）常见的形容词后缀
后 缀 意 义 举 例
-able 表示“能……的” suitable适合的，believable可相信的
-al 表示“……的” traditional传统的，personal私人的
-ful 表示“有……性质的；充满……的” useful有用的，colorful鲜艳的
-less 表示“没有；无” helpless无助的，homeless无家可归的
-ive 表示“……性质的” active活跃的，expensive昂贵的
-ly 表示“特性” friendly友好的，lovely可爱的
-y 表示“有……特性的；多……的” healthy健康的，sunny天气晴朗的
-ous 表示“属性” dangerous危险的，famous有名的
（3）常见的动词后缀
后 缀 意 义 举 例
-en 表示“变成” shorten缩短，darken变黑
-fy 表示“使……化” beautify美化，purify提纯
-ize 表示“使……成为；使……化” realize实现，modernize使现代化
（4）常见的副词后缀
后 缀 意 义 举 例
-ly 表示“方式；程度” quickly迅速地，carefully仔细地
-ward(s) 表示“方向” forward向前，upwards向上
-wise 表示“方向；方式” clockwise顺时针方向地，likewise同样地
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1.Look at both sides of the road _______ when you cross the road.
A.care B.careful C.carefully
( )2.The performance tonight was a great _______. The band became famous overnight.
A.success B.successful C.succeed
C
A
( )3.Many strangers gave the boy helping hands when he was in _______.
A.danger B.dangerously C.dangerous
( )4.If you want to know the exact _______ of the word, you'd better look it up in a dictionary.
A.mean B.meaningful C.meaning
A
C
( )5. The clouds of the Cangshan Mountain are _______. They are in different shapes from time to time.
A.change B.changeable C.changeless
B
■（能力过关）用所给单词的适当形式填空
6. Now you don't need to wait in line to buy tickets. You can ____________ (simple) book (预订) them online. It's quite convenient. ( 2024黑龙江牡丹江改编)
7. As a ________________ (report), he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible.
（2024内蒙古呼伦贝尔改编）
simply
reporter
8. I can't ____________ (agreement) that pupils bring their mobile phones to school. （2024黑龙江牡丹江改编）
9. It is ____________ (health) for us to do sports.
（2024西藏改编）
10. If you treat others with your heart, you will get __________________ (friend) in return.（2023四川成都A卷改编）
agree
healthy
friendship
考点3
转化法
【概念】转化法是指单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。这种转化并不改变单词的拼写，有一词多义现象。
词性转化 举 例
名词 →动词 book n.书→v.预定 sleep n.睡眠→v.睡觉 water n.水→v.浇水 show n.表演→v.展示 land n.土地→v.着陆 hand n.手→v.传递
动词→名词 talk v.交谈→n.谈话 look v.看→n.外表 walk v.步行→n.散步 stop v.停止→n.车站
形容词→动词 dry adj.干燥的→v. (使)变干 correct adj.正确的→v.纠正 clean adj.干净的→v.打扫 clear adj.清澈的→v.清理 open adj.开着的→v.打开
形容词→名词 daily adj. 日常的→n. 日报 final adj.最终的→n.决赛
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. The plane will _______ in Guangzhou in 20 minutes and we can see Mom soon.
A.get B.land C.fly D.hope
( )2. John left the building with the _______ on. It was a waste of electricity.
A.shoes B.watches C. beds D. lights
B
D
( )3. We should be brave and_______ big. Nothing is impossible.
A.dream B.fight C.see D.make
( )4. Peter's new _______ makes everyone shocked. He has made a big difference.
A.talk B.start C.change D.sleep
( )5. The man tried to _______ his car but he failed.
A.help B.stop C.water D.walk
A
C
B
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
right water try book talk waste sleep
6. Have you ____________ your ticket online yet
7. I think playing computer games is a ____________ of time.
8. He can't tell the difference between the ____________ and the wrong.
9. When Mary passed the garden, she saw her mom ____________ the vegetables.
10. He'd like to have a ____________ at that project.
booked
waste
right
watering
try
考点4
缩写和简写
【概念】缩写和简写（也被称为“截断法”或“缩短法”）主要采用“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。
1.月份、星期及序数词
月 份 缩 写 月 份 缩 写 星 期 缩 写 序数词 缩 写
January Jan. August Aug. Monday Mon. first 1st
February Feb. September Sept. Tuesday Tues. second 2nd
March Mar. October Oct. Wednesday Wed. third 3rd
April Apr. November Nov. Thursday Thur. fourth 4th
May May December Dec. Friday Fri. twentieth 20th
June Jun. Saturday Sat. twenty-first 21st
July Jul. Sunday Sun. fifty-fifth 55th
2.国家、国际组织类
PRC：中华人民共和国（People's Republic of China）
UK：英国（United Kingdom）
USA：美国（United States of America）
EU：欧洲联盟 / 欧盟（European Union）
UN：联合国 （United Nations）
WTO：世界贸易组织 / 世贸组织（World Trade Organization）
WHO：世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）
FBI：美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation）
3.其他常见缩写
Ad：广告（Advertisement）
DIY：自己动手 / 自助服务（Do It Yourself）
Add.：地址（Address） ID：身份证明（Identification）
BBQ：烧烤（Barbecue）P.E.：体育（Physical Education）
IQ：智商（Intelligence Quotient）
EQ：情商（Emotional Quotient）
No.：号码 / 编号（Number）
DNA：脱氧核糖核酸（Deoxyribonucleic Acid）
WC：厕所（Water Closet）
UFO：不明飞行物（Unidentified Flying Object）
CCTV：中国中央电视台（China Central Television）
CBA：中国男子篮球职业联赛（China Basketball Association）
NBA：美国篮球职业联赛（National Basketball Association）
VIP：贵宾（Very Important Person）
语篇考点专练
Wang Chuqin is one of China's best table tennis players. Together with his partner Sun Yingsha, he ___1____ beat the rivals (对手) and won the first mixed doubles gold at the 2024 Paris Olympics for China's table tennis team.
well-known strong become talent successful compete happy
successfully
The 24-year-old player is _____2______ for his aggressive (侵略性的) left-handed playing style. He is highly ____3______ and hard-working. “Playing table tennis brings me _____4______. My strong will to win and go after my goals helps me to grow and become better. I am looking forward to the next _____5______,” Wang told China Daily.
well-known strong become talent successful compete happy
well-known
talented
happiness
competition
1. ____________ 2. ____________
3. ____________ 4. ____________
5. ____________
successfully
well-known
talented
happiness
competition
C
First of all, read widely. Lots of reading improves your vocabulary ___2____ helps you keep in touch with English. Consider reading aloud ___3____ your pronunciation of words. If you meet new words, make sure you search for their ___4____. Try to remember these words and use them in your speech.
( )2.A.and B.but C.so
( )3.A.improve B.improving C.to improve
( )4.A.mean B.meaningful C.meanings
A
C
C
Second, listen more. Consider listening to English songs and try following them. You can also writes down the words of the songs and say ___5____ just as you hear them. Or you can turn to ___6____ online voice and accent software (语音软件) for help. Listening to English news on the radio is also ___7____.
( )5.A.they B.them C.their
( )6.A.a B.an C.the
( )7.A.helpful B.help C.helpless
B
B
A
Third, just speak. Find a native (本土的) speaker and communicate ___8____ the person without worrying about making mistakes. A native speaker will help point out your mistakes and correct you. Making use of every chance to speak English will help improve your pronunciation.
( )8.A.for B.with C.from
B
Finally, be active. ___9____ you need more practice, be active in your English class. Through the interaction (互动) with your teacher and classmates, you will communicate ___10____.
As long as you follow these suggestions, you will be sure to improve your spoken English.
（2024宁夏改编）
( )9.A.If B.Until C.Unless
( )10.A.nature B.natural C.naturally
A
C
On August 20, China's first AAA game, “Black Myth: Wukong” came out. And it ______1______ became a top seller across many platforms (平台). Its gameplay (玩法) videos have already been ______2______ more than 100 million times on Bilibili. Chinese players don't have to play foreign games. Now they can return to the Tang Dynasty in the east and become the heroes of their childhood.
from because tradition quick excite read achieve right encourage watch he interest
quickly
watched
The game is based on a monkey king ___3____ a classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. The monkey has the ability to turn ___4____ into different animals and objects. “Black Myth: Wukong” not only shows a great ___5____ in game development, but also acts as a bridge in telling China's stories. “Global players will be able to get a deeper understanding of ___6____ Chinese culture while they are having fun,” according to Global Times.
from because tradition quick excite read achieve right encourage watch he interest
from
himself
achievement
traditional
The game's huge success in China is partly ___7____ people there know the story of Journey to the West. In fact, it has also caught the ___8____ of international players. Many of them don't have this cultural background. It suggests that the game is on the ___9____ path (道路).
Many overseas players have been inspired (激励) by the game and start ___10____ the book Journey to the West. Fans of the game have even started posting videos online, sharing their understanding of Chinese stories.
from because tradition quick excite read achieve right encourage watch he interest
because
interest
right
reading
1. ____________ 2. ____________
3. ____________ 4. ____________
5. ____________ 6. ____________
7. ____________ 8. ____________
9. ____________ 10. ____________
quickly
watched
from
himself
achievement
traditional
because
interest
right
reading

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