资源简介

(共67张PPT)
第四章 代 词
考点导图
在近5年广东中考中，语法选择主要考查人称代词和物主代词：（1）判断空格处所指代的内容，分析其在句中作主语还是宾语，主语用主格，宾语用宾格。通常主格用在动词前，宾格用在动词、介词后，如（2021.33）；（2）形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词，如（2022.40）（2023.32）。
真题解析 考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词。此处修饰time，要用形容词性物主代词作定语。故选A。
真题解析 考查人称代词作主语。此处指代前文提到的the bridge，且在句中作主语，要用人称代词的主格形式。故选A。
真题解析 考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词。此处修饰work，要用形容词性物主代词作定语。故选B。
真题解析 考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词。此处修饰experience，要用形容词性物主代词作定语。故选C。
在近5年广东中考中，短文填空主要考查人称代词和物主代词：（1）人称代词：判断空格处所指代的内容，分析其在句中作主语还是宾语。近5年短文填空中，考查了3次动词后作宾语，如（2022.75）（2023.66）；考查了1次介词后作宾语，如（2024.66）；（2）物主代词：判断空格处所指代的内容，名词前常用形容词性物主代词作定语，如（2020.74）。
真题解析 考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词。此处指代前文所提到的12 kids，且修饰空格后名词faces，要用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
真题解析 考查人称代词作宾语。此处指代前文所提到的One man，且在句中作made的宾语。故填him。
真题解析 考查人称代词作宾语。此处指代前文所提到的International Tea Day，且在句中作celebrated的宾语。故填it。
真题解析 考查人称代词作宾语。此处指代前文所提到的a small thing，且在句中作put的宾语。故填it。
真题解析 考查人称代词作宾语。此处指代前文所提到的outdoor activities，且在句中作of的宾语。故填them。
考点精讲精练
考点1
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
人 称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
1. 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表
【注意】its不常用作名词性物主代词。
2. 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的用法
类 别 用 法 举 例
人称
代词 主格用在动词前，作主语（2021.33） She went to Beijing to visit the Great Wall. 她去北京参观了万里长城。
宾格用在动词或介词之后，作宾语（5年4考)；也可用在系动词之后，作表语 Let me talk with him.让我来和他聊一聊。
That little girl in the picture is me.照片里的小女孩是我。
物主
代词 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，作定语，后面接名词（5年4考) My dream is to be an engineer.我的梦想是成为一名工程师。
名词性物主代词相当于名词，作主语、宾语或表语，后面不接名词 Is this T-shirt yours 这件T恤衫是你的吗？（yours=your T-shirt）
类 别 用 法 举 例
反身
代词 反身代词作宾语，置于动词或介词之后，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人 We enjoyed ourselves in the park yesterday. 我们昨天在公园玩得很开心。
作表语，置于系动词之后，通常表示主语的状态，如身体健康、精神状态等 Mary is not quite herself today.玛丽今天身体不舒服。
作同位语，表示亲自或本人，起强调作用 She herself is a student,too. 她自己也是一个学生。
【注意】反身代词必须要与被指代人在人称和数上保持一致，意为“某人自己”。如：
He managed to repair the car by himself.他自己设法修好了汽车。
【拓展】
1. it的特殊用法
（1）作人称代词，指代婴儿或未确定身份、性别的人。
例 The baby cried because it was hungry.这个婴儿哭了，因为它饿了。
（2）表示时间、天气、季节、距离等。
例 What time is it now？现在几点了？
（3）常用句型。
①it作形式主语：
It's+adj.（＋for sb.）＋to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）是……的。
It's+adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 某人做某事是……的。
It's＋adj.＋that 从句. ……是……的。
②it作形式宾语：
Sb.find(s) / think(s) / make(s) it＋adj.＋to do sth.某人发现 / 认为 / 使做某事是……的。
③其他：
It's time（for sb.）to do sth. 是(某人)做某事的时间了。
It seems that 好像……
It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。
2. 反身代词的常见固定搭配
动词+反身代词 介词+反身代词
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
help oneself (to) 自用(食物等)
hurt oneself 伤了自己
lose oneself (in) 沉迷于
protect oneself 保护自己
teach oneself (=learn by oneself)自学 come to oneself 苏醒
look after oneself 照顾自己
take care of oneself 照顾自己
keep sth.to oneself 保守秘密
say to oneself 自言自语
by oneself (=on one's own)单独地；独自地
for oneself 为自己
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. Using AI tools in the right way can help _______ to work better. (2024福建)
A.we B.us C.our
( )2. —Andy, who are the girls over there
—_______ are my sisters, Lily and Lucy. (2024广西改编)
A.They B.Them C.Their
B
A
( )3. Mark just phoned to say he'd left his coat behind. Do you know if this is _______ （2024甘肃白银改编）
A.he B.him C.his
( )4. Oh, come on! Stop telling me what to do. Mind _______ own business. (2024江苏无锡改编)
A.you B.your C.yours
C
B
( )5. —Maria, you should believe in _______. That's the secret of success.
—OK, I will. (2024云南改编)
A.you B.yourself C.yourselves
B
■（能力过关）用所给单词的适当形式填空
6. —Is Tom at home
—He's not here. Can I take a message for ____________ (he)
（2024甘肃兰州）
7. His English-Chinese dictionary is different from ____________ (I). （2024西藏）
8. Tina had to look after ____________ (she) younger sister at home last weekend. （2024甘肃临夏州）
him
mine
her
9. —Space technologies are widely used in different kinds of industries.
—I agree. Space exploration benefits ____________ (we) a lot. （2024内蒙古包头）
10. We enjoyed ____________ (we) at Zhaolin Park last Sunday. （2024黑龙江龙东地区）
us
ourselves
考点2
指示代词
代 词 用 法 举 例
this（单数）
these（复数） 指在空间或时间上较近的人或事物 Is this the book you are looking for 这是你要找的那本书吗？
These cookies are made by my mother.这些曲奇饼干是我妈妈做的。
that（单数）
those（复数） 指在空间或时间上较远的人或事物 Look! What's that in the sky 看！天空中的是什么？
Those were the best years of my life.那些年是我一生最幸福的时光。
【注意】
1. this / that用于电话用语时，this表示自己，that表示对方。
例 —Hello! Who's that 你好！你是哪位？
—Hello! This is Mary.你好！我是玛丽。
2. 在疑问句中，若句子主语是this / that / these / those时，回答用it或they代替。
例 —Is this the bus we want to get on？这是我们要上的公交车吗？
—Yes, it is.是的，就是它。
【拓展】it, one和that作代词的区别
代 词 用 法 举 例
it 指代上文提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词，同类同物，复数可数名词则用they或them指代 My bike is very old, but I like it very much.我的自行车很旧,但我很喜欢它。
one 指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，同类异物，复数可数名词则用ones指代 This apple is small. Please give me a big one. 这个苹果小了，请给我一个大的。
that 指代上文提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词，同类异物，复数可数名词则用those指代，指代时需有后置定语，常用于比较结构的句子中 The weather in Heilongjiang is colder than that in Guangdong in winter. 黑龙江冬天的天气比广东的要冷。
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. The games of Paris Olympics are similar to____________ of 2008 Beijing Olympics.
A.that B.those C.this
( )2. Sunshine, beaches, coconuts（椰子）—____________ are the reasons why people usually go to Hainan.
A.it B.that C.these
B
C
( )3. —What are ____________ people doing over there
—They are having a meeting.
A.that B.these C.those
( )4. The number of books in our library is much larger than _______ in theirs.
A.it B.that C.those
( )5. Sorry, these are not your books. I bought ____________ last week.
A. them B.ones C.those
C
B
A
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
this she that those one it he
6. —What are ____________, do you know
—I think they are smart watches. （2023黑龙江绥化改编）
7. The weather today is much hotter than ____________ of yesterday.
8. Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue ____________.
9. Hello, ____________ is Jack speaking.
10. How beautiful your skirt is! How much is ____________
those
that
one
this
it
考点3
不定代词
1. 不定代词的分类
普通不定代词 复合不定代词
all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no something, anything, everything, nothing
somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody
someone, anyone, everyone, no one
2. 不定代词的用法
（1）both, either和neither用于谈论两个人或事物。
不定代词 意义及用法 举 例
both 意为“(两者)都”;作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Both of you are wrong.你们两个都错了。
either 意为“(两者中的)任意一个”；作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 There are two apples. You can take either of them.这里有两个苹果。你可以任选一个。
neither 意为“(两者中)没有一个”；作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Neither of the answers is correct.两个答案都不对。
(2)all, any和none用于谈论三个或三个以上的人或事物。
不定代词 意义及用法 举 例
all 意为“(三者或三者以上)都” All of them are students.他们所有人都是学生。
any 意为“(三者或三者以上中)任意一个” I don't like any of these books.这些书我一本都不喜欢。
none 意为“(三者或三者以上中)没有一个” None of these pens work.这些钢笔没有一支能用。
(3)each和every 都表示“每一个”；“each/every+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
不定代词 意义及用法 举 例
each ①相当于形容词，作定语；也可作代词，单独使用
②后面可接of短语
③指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每一个”，侧重个体 Each of you can try twice. 你们每一个人都可以试两次。
every ①相当于形容词，只可作定语，不可单独使用
②后面不可接of短语
③指三个或三个以上的人或事物中的“每一个”，侧重全体 Every room is clean and tidy. 所有房间都很干净整洁。
【注意】each不能与almost, nearly或not等词连用，要用every
(4)other, others, the other, the others和another的意义及用法。
不定代词 意义及用法 举 例
other 意为“其他的”，作定语，后接复数可数名词或不可数名词 He studies English and other subjects.他学习英语和其他的科目。
others 意为“其他”，相当于“other+复数可数名词”，可作主语或宾语，后不可接名词；常与some连用，构成“Some …, and others …”结构 Some students are dancing，and others are singing.一些学生在跳舞，另一些学生在唱歌。
the other 意为“(两者中的)另一个”或“其余的”，可作主语、宾语或定语，后可接也可不接名词；常与one连用，构成“One … and the other …”结构 I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a doctor. 我有两个哥哥。一个是律师，另一个是医生。
不定代词 意义及用法 举 例
the others 意为“其余的全部”,相当于“the other+复数可数名词”，可作主语或宾语，后不可接名词 Five boys are playing badminton, and the others are playing football.5个男孩正在打羽毛球，其余的都在踢足球。
another 意为“(三者或三者以上的)另一个（的）”，可作主语、宾语或定语，代替或修饰单数可数名词；若后面的名词有数词或few修饰时，则也可接复数可数名词 This hat is too small. Show me another one，please.这顶帽子太小了，请给我看另一顶。
The homework is too difficult. I need another two hours to finish it. 作业太难了，我还需要两个小时才能完成。
（5）many, much, few, little, a few, a little用于表示数量。
不定代词 意 义 用 法 举 例
many 很多；许多 后接可数名词 She has lived in Spain for many years.她在西班牙已经住了许多年。
much 后接不可数名词 I don't have much money with me.我身上没带很多钱。
few 没 多 少 ； 几乎没有 后接可数名词，表否定 You did quite well in the final exam. You made few mistakes in it. 你期末考得很好。你几乎没犯什么错误。
little 后接不可数名词，表否定 I paid little attention to what others were saying.我不大注意别人在说什么。
a few 有 一 些 ； 有几个 后接可数名词，表肯定 There were only a few people sitting at the back of the hall.大厅后面只坐着几个人。
a little 后接不可数名词，表肯定 Susan speaks a little French.苏珊会说一点法语。
(6)复合不定代词的用法
①复合不定代词可作主语、宾语或表语。复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。有形容词修饰时，形容词放在复合不定代词后面。
例 I have something important to say. 我有一些重要的话要说。
②some-一类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句；也可用于疑问句，表示请求、建议或反问。
例 Will someone please explain what's going on 谁能说说是怎么回事？
③any-一类复合不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中；也可用于肯定句，强调“任何人/事/物”。
例 You can buy anything you like. 你想要什么都可以买。
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. The town is getting more and more beautiful with many flowers on _______ sides of the streets.
（2024甘肃临夏州改编）
A.all B.either C.both
( )2. —I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao.
—Yes. _______ could say no to it there.（2024山东滨州改编）
A.Everybody B.Nobody C.Somebody
C
B
( )3. The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and _______ could be seen clearly. （2024黑龙江绥化）
A.anything B.something C.nothing
( )4. Tom has been in Shanghai for five years, so he can speak _______ Chinese (2024黑龙江龙东地区）
A.a few B.a little C.little
( )5. —Why are you laughing, Daniel
—There is _______ funny in the e and see.
A.anything B.something C.everything
C
B
B
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
both nothing everything all either nobody someone
6. —More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays.
—Yeah, that's because ____________ can give people a big laugh. （2024湖北武汉改编）
7. —Who cooked the hot dry noodles for you They're delicious.
—____________. I learned to cook them by myself on the Internet. （2024黑龙江牡丹江改编）
both
Nobody
8. —The best things in life are free.
—Couldn't agree more. Air costs ____________, but we can't live without it. (2024四川泸州改编)
9. —It is my first time taking a vacation in Dongying.
—Me too. ________________ here is so nice. I love the city.
（2024山东东营改编）
10. We're looking for ____________ who can deal with the new computer virus (病毒). (2024江苏无锡改编)
both nothing everything all either nobody someone
nothing
Everything
someone
考点4
疑问代词
疑问代词 意义及用法 举 例
who 意为“谁”，用于询问某人的身份、姓名，作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语时不能放在介词之后 Who is that woman 那个女人是谁？
whom 意为“谁”，who的宾格形式，作宾语 Whom did they invite？他们邀请了谁？
whose 意为“谁的”，who的所有格形式，对所属关系提问，作表语或定语 Whose umbrella is it？ 这是谁的伞？
what 意为“什么”，用于询问事物的内容、性质或人物的身份，作主语、宾语、定语或表语 What is the purpose of the test 这次考试的目的是什么？
which 意为“哪一个”，对已知范围内的人或物提问，作定语或宾语 Which color do you like， red or black？你喜欢哪种颜色，红色还是黑色？
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. _______ is the girl wearing a scarf Is she your sister (2024江苏无锡改编)
A.Who B.Which C.What
( )2. —____________ is this basketball
—Perhaps it's our English teacher's. He likes sports.
（2023辽宁丹东改编）
A.Whose B.Whom C.What
A
A
( )3. —Jack，____________ are you reading？
—The Three Body Problem(《三体》) by the famous writer，Liu Cixin.
A.who B.which C.what
( )4. —____________ do you like best among all the subjects you learn？
—Chinese,of course.
A. Who B. Which C. Whom
C
B
( )5. —There is no name on the book Red Star Over China. ____________ is it？
—It must be Jenny's. She likes reading books about Chinese culture.
A. Whose B. What C. Which
A
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
who whose what which how why whom
6.____________ is better exercise，swimming or playing tennis
7.—Tell me, Grandma. ____________ is your favorite person in the world
—That's easy! It's you!
8．—Millie, ____________ are you reading
—Camel Xiangzi, by the famous Chinese writer, Lao She.
9.—To ____________ did you give the book —Tom.
10.There is a sports watch on the playground. ____________ is it
Which
Who
what
whom
Whose
编者按 更多代词辨析及短语归纳可见于《教材梳理》，并建议结合《早读本》进行记忆。
语篇考点专练
A 68-year-old woman from Shandong Province now teaches crocheting (钩针编织) online and offline. She has made crochet artworks about 50 years.
“___1____ often takes me one week to finish a crochet artwork. But ___2____ never feel tired of it,” the old woman said.
she I it another they other he
It
I
There are different kinds of colorful products in her workshop. Some of ___3____ are traditional and some of them are fashionable (时尚的).
The old woman is warm-hearted. In her free time, she teaches ___4____ women villagers to make crochet artworks. She helps them to make more money than before.
The old woman has a factory of ___5____ own. Now she is doing her best to develop some new products.
(2024新疆改编)
she I it another they other he
them
other
her
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________
4. ____________ 5. ____________
It
I
them
other
her
B
C
On hearing the question, we ___3____ to think and guess. One student said, “I think it is 100g.” ______4______ student said, “It's 200g.” Our answers were different. Finally, Mr.White explained, “It doesn't only depend on the real weight. It also has much to do ___5____ the time we hold it.
( )3.A.begin B.began C.will begin
( )4.A.Other B.Others C.Another
( )5.A.with B.for C.of
B
C
A
If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for ___6____ hour, I will have a pain in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, I will have to see a doctor. It is the exact same weight, but the ___7____ I hold it, the heavier it becomes. This book stands for stress.
( )6.A.a B.an C.the
( )7.A.long B.longer C.longest
B
B
If you hold it without ___8____ it down, sooner or later, you will not be able to keep on. No matter how much stress you have, stop and have a rest for a while. Boys and girls, you should learn to relax ___9____. I am sure you will live a happy school life.”
( )8.A.put B.to put C.putting
( )9.A.you B.your C.yourselves
C
C
Mr.White is really an excellent teacher. We all thanked him for giving ___10____ such a meaningful and unforgettable lesson. It made a great difference to us.
(2024四川南充改编)
( )10.A.we B.us C.our
B
Have you thought about what love is When I was young, I knew ___1____ about love. At that time, I had to take the bus home. ___2____ the bus stop was two miles away from home, my father never met me there. So I often went home by ___3____, even in bad weather. If I complained (抱怨), my father always said in a loud voice, “That's what ___4____ legs are for!”
when though nothing you that something danger realize safe secret I watch
nothing
Though
myself
your
In fact, I was afraid to walk alone in the dark because it was ___5____. And I thought my father never worried about my safety. But that feeling changed on a spring evening.
when though nothing you that something danger realize safe secret I watch
dangerous
One evening, when the bus arrived at the stop, I got off the bus to walk home. There was a row of bush (矮树丛) along the way. Suddenly, I saw ___6____ moving along the top of the bush towards my house. When I came closer, I ___7____ it was my father's head. Then I knew that each time I came home, he would stand behind the bush to watch me until he knew I arrived ___8____. At that time, I knew he cared for me secretly.
when though nothing you that something danger realize safe secret I watch
something
realized
safely
Later, ___9____ spot (地点) of grey was my watch tower (瞭望塔). I never told my father I knew his ___10____. But I never complained about his coldness again. Love is always there, whether we see it or not. （2024四川自贡改编）
when though nothing you that something danger realize safe secret I watch
that
secret
1. ____________ 2. ____________
3. ____________ 4. ____________
5. ____________ 6. ____________
7. ____________ 8. ____________
9. ____________ 10. ____________
nothing
Though
myself
your
dangerous
something
realized
safely
that
secret

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