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(共78张PPT)
第二章 动 词
第1节 动词及动词短语
考点导图
在近5年广东中考中，语法选择主要考查情态动词，可根据情态动词的意义及用法确定答案，如（2024.38）。
（2024） “This habit ______38______ help Peter manage money well,” she says.
A. need B. must C. can
真题解析 考查情态动词can表示“能够”。故选C。
在近5年广东中考中，完形填空主要考查动词词义和短语的辨析，学生需掌握常考动词（短语）的含义，并根据上下文及具体语境推断出答案。
真题解析 句意：几个月前，史密斯先生去了一家身体工程店，要求（ask for）做一个小鼻子。故选C。
真题解析 句意：他被拒绝（refuse）进入像高铁站和机场这样的地点。故选B。
真题解析 句意：上个月，一家太空机构告诉公众，他们正在寻找（look for）“一名行星保护官”。故选B。
真题解析 句意：这项工作是保护（protect）地球免受从其他星球带回的东西上的细菌的侵害。故选B。
真题解析 句意：比尔在信的末尾说了一些温暖的话，鼓励（encourage）萨姆努力学习，在学校取得好成绩。故选D。
真题解析 句意：“我们希望有一天能在机构看到（see）你，”他写道。故选A。
真题解析 句意：它们都是从她的花园里摘来的，邻居们可以免费拿走（take away）。一位邻居说：“这太可爱了，就像你路过，在拐角处收到了一份漂亮的礼物。”故选B。
真题解析 句意：社区里的人们都来帮忙（help）了。他们给我们送食物，还经常打电话来确认我们过得好不好。故选C。
真题解析 句意：莫莉和她的家人有很多时间在花园里劳动（work）。故选B。
真题解析 句意：他们决定分享（share）他们在花园里种植的东西。故选C。
真题解析 句意：她决定每天给这棵树画（draw）一幅画。故选C。
真题解析 句意：树叶慢慢地改变（change）了颜色，小苹果出现在其中。故选D。
真题解析 句意：当她走进房子的时候，妈妈和爸爸正坐在沙发上等待（wait for）她。故选A。
真题解析 句意：他们每个人怀里都抱着（hold）一个婴儿。故选D。
真题解析 句意：她小时候从来没有想过（think）有一天她会成为一名科学家。故选C。
真题解析 句意：当自己的想法被其他科学家接受（accept）时，她的内心充满喜悦。故选B。
真题解析 句意：她说，错误可能会导致（lead to）新的想法。故选C。
在近5年广东中考中，短文填空主要考查含有动词的固定搭配：（1）根据语境或固定搭配选择合适的动词；（2）判断所填动词的形式：to后用动词原形，构成动词不定式，如（2020.68）（2022.73）；情态动词后接动词原形，如（2023.69）。
真题解析 考查含有动词的固定搭配wear clothes（穿衣服）。因空格前有不定式符号to，所以用动词原形。故填wear。
真题解析 考查含有动词的固定搭配drink tea（喝茶）。因空格前有不定式符号to，所以用动词原形。故填drink。
真题解析 考查系动词be。might是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填be。
考点精讲精练
1. 动词的基本形式
考点1
及物动词和不及物动词
基本形式 要点及变化规则 举 例
动词原形 用在情态动词、助动词、使役动词、感官动词、不定式符号to之后以及祈使句句首 All passengers must wear seat belts.所有乘客都必须系安全带。
Go and wash your hands! 去洗手！
第三人称 单数 一般情况直接加-s like→likes，stop→stops，read→reads
以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词，直接加-es wish→wishes，miss→misses，watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es reply→replies，cry→cries，fly→flies
不规则变化 be→is，have→has
基本形式 要点及变化规则 举 例
过去式和 过去分词 一般情况直接加-ed look→looked，play→played，start→started
以e结尾的动词，直接加-d live→lived，hope→hoped，use→used
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped，plan→planned，nod→nodded
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed study→studied，carry→carried，worry→worried
现在分词 一般情况直接加-ing go→going，ask→asking，look→looking
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing write→writing，make→making，take→taking
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing get→getting，sit→sitting，put→putting
以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying（初中共3个）
编者按 动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化详见《早读本》的“英语不规则动词归类记忆表”。
2. 及物动词和不及物动词的用法
行为动词根据其后能否直接跟宾语可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。
类 别 要 点 举 例
及物
动词 动词+宾语 I bought some books yesterday. 我昨天买了一些书。
动词+宾语+宾补 The sun keeps us warm. 阳光让我们温暖。
动词＋双宾语 (即直接宾语和间接宾语) My mother gave me an apple. 妈妈给了我一个苹果。
不及物
动词 本身有完整的意思，后不接宾语 Something terrible has happened. 可怕的事发生了。
若不及物动词后要接宾语，需加入适当的介词 They live in a small house in Beijing. 他们住在北京的一所小房子里。
【注意】有的动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
例 She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing作不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing作及物动词)
3. 动词短语
（1） 动词短语在意义上相当于一个行为动词，是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的短语。常见的动词短语有以下几种形式：
动词+介词 look at看 worry about担心
动词+副词 put off推迟 pick up捡起
动词+名词 take photos照相 drink tea喝茶(2022.73) wear clothes穿衣服(2020.68)
动词+名词+介词 make friends with和……交朋友 pay attention to注意
动词+副词+介词 stay away from远离 look back at回忆；回顾
动词+介词+名词 go to school去上学 go to bed上床睡觉
【注意】 在“动词＋副词”短语中，名词可放在短语的中间或后面，但代词一定要放在短语的中间。
例 He turned off all the lights when he left.=He turned all the lights off when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。
He picked it up and gave it to me. 他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。
（2） 同一个动词与不同的介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同的意义。
①同一动词＋不同介词/副词
get get up 起床 get on 上车 get off 下车
get to 到达 get over 克服 get together 相聚
get into 陷入；参与 get on/along with与……友好相处
look look at 看 look like看起来像 look out 当心
look up 查阅 look after照顾 look over 检查
look through浏览 look around 环顾四周 look out of 向……外看
look down on/upon瞧不起；轻视 look for寻找(2021.41)
put put on 穿上；上演 put off 推迟 put out 熄灭
put up 举起；搭建 put away 收好；放好
turn turn on打开 turn off 关掉 turn up调大；出现
turn into变成 turn down调低；拒绝 turn out发生；结果是
take take up 占据；开始做 take off 脱掉；起飞 take out拿出
take over接收；接管 take after长得像 take in吸入
take away带走(2022.42)
come come from 来自 come in 进来 come over 来访
come true实现 come out 发行；显现 come across 偶然遇见
come up with想出
give give away 捐赠 give back 归还 give up放弃
give off 发出(光、热)
go go through 经受；穿过 go off爆炸；离开 go on 继续
go over 仔细检查 go away走开
cut cut up切碎 cut in 插嘴 cut off中断
cut out删去 cut down砍倒；削减
think think about 考虑 think of 想起；记起 think over仔细考虑
think up 想出
②不同动词＋同一介词/副词
for care for关心 pay for为……付款 search for搜寻 ask for要求(2020.42) stand for代表 wait for等待(2023.48)
down calm down镇静 cool down冷静 break down发生故障 lie down躺下 sit down坐下 shut down关闭；停业 bring down降低；击落 put /write down写下；记下take down拆除；记录
knock down拆除；摧毁；击倒
up call up打电话 set up成立 stay up熬夜 eat up吃光 fix up修理 tidy up收拾 clean up打扫 use up用光 grow up长大 pick up捡起 show up出现；露面 hang up挂起来
out find out找出；查明 sell out卖光 carry out执行 hand /give out分发 speak out说出 point out指出 set out启程 blow out吹灭 break out爆发 work out制订出；计算出
at knock at敲 laugh at嘲笑 smile at朝……微笑
about care about关心 talk about谈论 learn about学习
to talk to跟………说 look forward to盼望；期待 lead to导致(2024.49) listen to听 …… look up to钦佩；仰慕 shout stick to对……大声喊叫 to坚持；固守
in believe in信任 join in参加；加入 bring in引进 succeed in成功(做某事) hand in上交
on agree on达成一致 try on试穿 keep on继续 depend on依靠 live on以……为生 move on往前走 focus on集中于 pass on传递 hold on坚持；稍等
off break off突然中断 show off炫耀 die off相继死去 set off动身
away run away逃跑 throw away扔掉 pass away去世
with agree with同意 deal with处理 fill with装满 catch up with追赶上 play with和……一起玩 connect with把……和……连接起来
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1. We _______ the books to the library after we read them. （2024天津）
A. returned B. pointed C. waved D. caught
( )2. —Can you _______ your new coach
—Hmm … I think he's very intelligent and humorous.
（2024湖北武汉）
A. believe B. describe C. support D. follow
A
B
( )3. —Mom, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes
—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let's _______ to people in need. (2024山东滨州)
A. give them away B. wash them away
C. throw them away D. keep them away
A
( )4. My grandpa decided to _______ smoking for his health. (2024甘肃白银)
A. give away B. give out
C. give back D. give up
( )5. To live a green life, we should remember to _______ the lights when we leave a room. (2024江苏连云港)
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
D
B
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
get take give throw clean look depend
6. —Why are you late for class again, Bob
—Sorry, I failed to ____________ up when my alarm went off. （2024山东菏泽改编）
7. —Which school club should I choose
—It ____________ on what skills you want to develop.
（2024江苏常州改编）
get
depends
8. I know how busy you are and I won't ____________ up too much of your time. （2024江苏无锡改编）
9. Tina can ____________ up her bedroom by herself. She doesn't need her parents' help. （2024吉林改编）
10. Don't ____________ away rubbish everywhere. It's everyone's duty to protect the environment.
（2024黑龙江龙东地区改编）
take
clean
throw
考点2
系动词
【概念】系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语。它必须与表语一起构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。
类 别 系动词及含义 举 例
状态系动词 (2023.69) be (am/is/are/was/were) 是 She is honest and kind.她诚实又善良。
感官系动词 look看起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, sound听起来, feel感到 The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。
持续系动词 keep保持, stay保持, remain保持 She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么时候看见她，她总保持沉默。
变化系动词 become变成, get(+好坏/长短/冷热……)变得, turn(+颜色)变得 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热。
表像系动词 seem好像， appear看来 You seem happy.你好像挺高兴。
■（基础过关）单项填空
( )1． —What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen
—It _______ really good. I'd like to drink more.
(2024广西改编)
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. looks
A
( )2． It makes me _______ excited to watch National Women's Volleyball Team's matches.
(2024黑龙江龙东地区改编)
A. feel B. smell C. taste D. seem
( )3. —Your skirt _______ so special.
—Oh yes, it's very popular these days. It's a horse-face skirt. (2023 黑龙江牡丹江改编)
A. looks B. smells C. tastes D. sounds
A
A
■（能力过关）选词填空，有两词为多余项
feel keep taste look sound turn smell
4. The police asked her what she was doing at 8：00 last night，but she ____________ silent.
5. When autumn comes，the leaves will ____________ yellow.
6. It ___________ amazing that 3D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.
7. Those flowers ___________ sweet and I like them very much.
8. Stop exercising if you ____________ any pain.
kept
turn
sounds
smell
feel
考点3
助动词
【概念】助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。它只能帮助行为动词完成某些语法功能，如表示时态、语态或构成否定句、疑问句、简略答语等。
助动词 用 法 举 例
be(am/is/are/was/
were) 构成进行时态 I am studying in Canada now. 我现在正在加拿大学习。
构成被动语态 The glass was broken by Annie. 玻璃是被安妮打碎的。
have/has/had 构成完成时态 We have known each other for years. 我们认识很多年了。
do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you love music？你喜欢音乐吗？
I didn't know you were coming. 我不知道你要来。
加强语气 She does love pop music. 她的确喜欢流行音乐。
代替主要动词 She dances as well as I do. 她跳舞和我跳得一样好。
shall/will 构成一般将来时
(shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称) Shall we go to the park tomorrow？我们明天去公园好吗？
They will go on a picnic next Sunday. 他们下星期天要去野餐。
( )1. —Would you like something to eat, Mr.Song
—No, thanks. I'm not hungry. I _______ some zongzi already.
（2024黑龙江牡丹江）
A. eat B. ate C. have eaten
( )2. Ted preferred pop music when he _______ about his favorite music in the interview. （2024江西改编）
A. was asked B. asked C. is asked
C
A
( )3. —Sally, I _______ the picture already.
—Wow, truly beautiful! （2023 福建）
A.finish B. have finished C. was finishing
( )4. —_______ your grandfather and grandmother read newspapers every day
—No, they _______. But my father _______.
A. Does; doesn't; doesn't B. Does; don't; does
C. Do; don't; does
B
C
考点4
情态动词
【概念】情态动词表示说话人的语气、看法或主观设想。情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，其后接动词原形。除了have to，其余情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词 意义及用法 举 例
can / could 意为“能够”，表示能力（2024.38）， could为can的过去式；可与be able to互换 He can speak French fluently. 他能讲一口流利的法语。
情态动词 意义及用法 举 例
can / could 意为“可以”，表示请求或允许;在口语中，常用could代替can表示比较委婉的语气，此时could不是过去式，答语用can —Can / Could we go home now,please 请问我们现在可以回家了吗？
—Yes,you can.是的，你们可以。
—No, you can't.不，你们不可以。
意为“可能”，表示推测; can的否定形式为can't，意为“一定不；不可能”，可能性几乎为零；could可以表示过去的可能性，也可以表示现在的可能性，语气更弱些 Can he still be alive after all this time 过了这么长的时间，他还可能活着吗？
You've just had lunch. You can't be hungry now.你刚吃了午饭，现在不可能饿了。
情态动词 意义及用法 举 例
may / might 意为“可能”，表示推测，might的可能性低于may I may be late, so don't wait for me. 我可能会迟到，所以不必等我。
意为“可以”，表示请求或允许，might表示比较委婉的语气 —May I come in and wait 我能进来等吗？
—Yes, please./ Sure./ Of course.是的，可以。/ 当然可以。
—Sorry, you can't.抱歉，不可以。
must 意为“一定；肯定”，表示非常有把握的推测 Sorry, she's not here. She must have left already.很抱歉，她不在这里。她肯定已经离开了。
意为“必须；一定要”，强调说话人的主观看法，对其一般疑问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don't have to —Must I pay now 我必须现在付款吗？
—Yes,you must.是的，必须现在。
—No，you needn't./ No,you don't have to.不，不必现在。
否定形式为mustn't,意为“一定不要；禁止”，指法律、规定或形势决定某事不应发生，态度强硬 Cars mustn't park in front of the entrance.入口前面禁止停车。
情态动词 意义及用法 举 例
have to 意为“不得不”，强调客观需要，有人称、时态和数的变化 Nurses have to wear uniforms. 护士必须穿制服。
had better 意为“最好”，表示劝告或建议，否定形式为had better not You'd better not do that again.你最好别再这样做了。
need 意为“需要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；在need引导的一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must或have to,否定回答用needn't或don't have to —Need I say more 我还需要说更多吗？
—Yes,you must./ Yes,you have to.是的，你必须。
—No,you needn't./ No,you don't have to.不，你不必。
should 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议，否定形式为shouldn't Children shouldn't be allowed to play in the street. 不应该让儿童在街上玩。
【注意】表推测的可能性：must>can>could>may>might>may not>can't。
( )1. —Must I answer this question in English
—No, you _______. （2024黑龙江龙东地区）
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
( )2. —When is the book report for science class, Jianhong
—I'm not sure. It _______ be due in two weeks.
（2024黑龙江牡丹江）
A. must B. could C. can't
B
B
( )3. —You _______ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs.
—Yes. I'll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable.
（2024甘肃白银改编）
A. may B. should C. must
( )4. —Look! Is that girl Alice
—No, it _______ be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now.
（2024河北改编）
A. can B. can't C. mustn't
编者按 更多动词辨析及短语归纳可见于《教材梳理》，并建议结合《早读本》进行记忆。
C
B
语篇考点专练
C
B
I ___3____ alone slowly and worrying about something in my new school. It was early and there weren't many people on the road. Suddenly, a girl who was riding a bike in the snow fell down.
( )3. A. was walking B. walked C. walk
A
She was trying hard to stand up but fell again. Without ___4____, I went over to help her quickly. She ___5____ “thank you” with a smile and then left. Her smile warmed me a lot. （2024黑龙江龙东地区改编）
( )4. A. thinking B. think C. thinks
( )5. A. said B. says C. saying
A
A
A
B
Then they ___3____ near a school for the third time. Mencius ___4____ famous for his politeness and talent. That was because he had a great mother. She could realize the importance of ___5____ a good educational environment for children. How great Mencius's mother was! （2024黑龙江牡丹江改编）
( )3. A. moved B. included C. attracted D. created
( )4. A. appeared B. became C. kept D. turned
( )5. A. providing B. protecting
C.performing D. spending
A
B
A
___1____ you ever faced a time when things looked dark and you had no hope at all Two years ago, my body ached (疼痛) all the time. So I went to the doctor. I ___2____ I had a serious illness which was difficult to cure. And I thought I didn't have much longer to live. I was very afraid.
( )1. A. Do B. Have C. Did
( )2. A. told B. am told C. was told
B
C
Then one day, I had to go through ___3____ two-hour medical treatment (治疗). The doctor wanted me ___4____, so she played some music for me, and one of the songs was Happy. It has been ___5____ favorite song till now.
( )3. A. a B. an C. the
( )4. A. relax B. to relax C. relaxing
( )5. A. my B. me C. mine
A
B
A
This positive (积极的) song gave me strength and helped me go through the darkness. From then on, I began to listen ___6____ music all the time. John A.Logan once said, “Music ___7____ the medicine of the mind.” And it's true. Music worked wonders for me. It helped me recover (恢复) and come back to life.
( )6. A. to B. from C. with
( )7. A. am B. is C. are
A
B
Of course, I hope ___8____ of you have to experience the same kind of suffering (痛苦) that I did. However, we all go through some periods when we feel ___9____ or lonely. During those times, music ______10______ help you in the same way that it helped me. I hope all of you will value music and make it a part of your life. （2024湖南长沙改编）
( )8. A. all B. both C. none
( )9. A. sad B. sadness C. sadly
( )10. A. must B. should C. can
C
A
C
C
But since she ___2____ the Xuanwu Branch School of Beijing No.15 Middle School, she has been studying Peking Opera in music class every week.
( )2. A. left B. entered C. saw D. opened
B
Dou and her classmates ___3____ Peking Opera and learn the basics from experienced actors. They also sing along with the operas.
( )3. A. depend on B. ask for
C. listen to D. look for
C
“At first, we felt it really ___4____ to learn some musical notes, and we often laughed. But later I found it was not difficult to ___5____ Peking Opera and I understood a little about it，” said Dou.
( )4. A. fast B. good C. easy D. hard
( )5. A. learn B. borrow C. take D. tell
D
A
Since 2008, ___6____ around our country have been teaching students Peking Opera. It's part of a plan to introduce young people to our country's traditional culture. ___7____, Dou's school has been taking the job seriously.
( )6. A. schools B. classrooms C. homes D. cities
( )7. A. Usually B. Suddenly C. Clearly D. Finally
A
C
“I learn a lot of history from the operas,” she said. “I've also ___8____ many ancient poems since there are so many of them in the operas.”
“When you learn more about it, you'll ___9____ it more. If people do study it, this ___10____ art form won't disappear. It would be a great pity if it did!” she said.
（2024山东枣庄改编）
( )8. A. learned about B. handed out
C. given up D. found out
( )9. A. sing B. understand C. watch D. discuss
( )10. A. strange B. boring C. new D. old
A
B
D
五、短文填空
主题：保护老虎 词数：205 难度：★★ 建议用时：7 mins
请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
More tigers are moving from Russia into northeastern China. This is because the environment is better for them to live in.
As human activities ___1____ less and the number of the wild animals is rising, tigers come to China for food.
Also, there is ___2____ cross-border corridor (跨境走廊) between China and Russia. It helps the tigers travel around freely. Data (数据) from a research team show that between 2013 and 2016, nearly 80 percent of the tigers ___3____ across the corridor.
become
a
moved
move importance sad set become year a be for grow project leave
Besides, China started a number of ___4____ to protect the tigers. As we all know, tigers need large areas to move around, so it's ___5____ to build national parks. In 2021, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park was ___6____ up in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province. It covers around 14,100 square kilometers. The national park creates a shared home ___7____ the animals. As a result, the number of the tigers has ___8____.
projects
important
set
for
grown
move importance sad set become year a be for grow project leave
One more reason ___9____ that experts from China and Russia work together to research on tiger protection. Many volunteers go to protect tigers around the forests every ___10____. It's believed that there will be more tigers in the near future. （2024吉林改编）
is
year
move importance sad set become year a be for grow project leave
1. ____________ 2. ____________
3. ____________ 4. ____________
5. ____________ 6. ____________
7. ____________ 8. ____________
9. ____________ 10. ____________
become
a
moved
projects
important
set
for
grown
is
year

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