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(共33张PPT)
Unit 5
Working the Land
Learning About Language
1
Students can identify and understand the different types of subject clauses, including those introduced by that, whether, wh - words, etc., and grasp their functions and usages in sentences.
2
Students are able to construct correct subject clauses to express various ideas and use them accurately in oral and written English, such as in sentence translation and writing tasks.
Learning Objectives
Teaching Focus
Master the usage of different conjunctions (like that, whether, what, who, etc.) in subject clauses, and learn how to use subject clauses to make sentences more complex and accurate in meaning.
Teaching Challenges
Distinguish between subject clauses and other types of clauses, and correctly apply subject clauses in complex sentence structures, especially when using it as a formal subject to avoid "front - heavy" sentence patterns.
Teaching Focus and Teaching Challenges
Part 1
Build up your vocabulary
Replace the underlined words with the correct forms of the words from the text.
1 To deal with this crisis, he chose to study agriculture.
2 He is a very good actor and he commits himself to every role that he takes on.
3 Yuan Longping strongly believed that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
4 Yuan Longping, through intense effort, solved enormous difficulties and developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming.
5 This hybrid enabled farmers to increase their output greatly.
6 Students are encouraged to try a variety of free-time activities to reduce the intense stress from studying.
_________
_________
_________
_________
__________________
_________
tackle
devotes
was (strongly) convinced
overcame
expand
leisure
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words from the text. Then use these words to make your own sentences.
1 The c___________ of a person are the special qualities that make him or her different from others.
2 Scientists from different countries have been pursuing various possibilities to overcome food s_______.
3 Many of us a______ that earthquakes would never happen in our area.
4 With more and more farm machines being used in the fields, the c_________ of fuel has been increasing.
haracteristics
onsumption
ssume
hortage
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words from the text. Then use these words to make your own sentences.
5 Newspapers should pay less attention to media c_________ and more attention to our national heroes.
6 Our general manager tried his best to help overcome the difficulties we were facing during the financial c____.
7 My mother is very c__________ and finds it hard to accept the modern lifestyle that I enjoy.
8 The government has decided to boost the programme to g_________ more new jobs.
elebrities
enerate
onventional
risis
Complete the news report below with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box.
tackle vision conventional deep down
be comprised of reality consumption
A vast underground shelter built during World War Ⅱ has been turned into an urban farm, supplying supermarkets and restaurants in London. The shelter, which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs, ______________ two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground. But that never became ________ and the shelter was left for 70 years. Then businessmen decided to make use of it to grow green vegetables to meet increasing ___________ demands.
is comprised of
real
consumption
Complete the news report below with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box.
tackle vision conventional deep down
be comprised of reality consumption
The tunnels are lit with pink LEDs as there is no natural light ___________ below the ground. The vegetables are grown in special liquids instead of the earth that is used as in ____________ farming. Many experts share a ________ that this kind of urban farming could help not only in ________ the problem of population growth, but also in adapting to climate change.
conventional
deep down
vision
tackling
Part 2
Discover useful structures
Enjoy the song！
__________________ makes you stronger. Stand a little taller doesn't mean I'm lonely when I'm lonely.
__________________ makes a fire. Put that thing on lighter doesn't mean I'm over cause you're gone.
__________________ makes you stronger stronger.
Lead-in
What doesn't kill you
What doesn't kill you
What doesn't kill you
Look at the complex sentences below and state the functions of the noun clauses italicised.
1. What Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity.
2. That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world.
3. It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice.
主语从句
主语从句
形式主语
主语从句→真正的主语
Match the sentence parts, and then translate the completed sentences into Chinese. Pay attention to how the subjects are introduced differently.
1. ______ remains an unanswered question.
2. ______ is an important topic for us to research.
3. ______ is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
4. ______ these vegetables can even be planted
without any soil through this new technology.
5. ______ is the reason why some people prefer to live in the country rather than in the city.
A. What worries many people
B. That the lifestyle is slower and healthier
C. How we can find a suitable
solution to produce sufficient food
while keeping the environment safe
D. When these wheat farmers will
join this pilot experiment
E. It amazed all of us that
Match the sentence parts, and then translate the completed sentences into Chinese. Pay attention to how the subjects are introduced differently.
1. ______ remains an unanswered question.
2. ______ is an important topic for us to research.
D
C
D. When these wheat farmers will join this pilot experiment
这些小麦农户什么时候会加入预试验仍然不得而知。
C. How we can find a suitable solution to produce sufficient food while keeping the
environment safe
如何能够找到一个合适的解决办法，在保证环境安全的同时，生产足够的粮食，
是一个需要我们研究的重要课题。
3. ______ is that these chemicals may even cause cancer.
A
A. What worries many people
令很多人担心的是，这些化学制品甚至可能导致癌症。
Match the sentence parts, and then translate the completed sentences into Chinese. Pay attention to how the subjects are introduced differently.
5. ______ is the reason why some people prefer to live in the country rather than in
the city.
E
B
E. It amazed all of us that
令我们所有人惊讶的是，通过这种新技术，可以无土栽培这些蔬菜。
B. That the lifestyle is slower and healthier
4. ______ these vegetables can even be planted without any soil through this new
technology.
有些人更喜欢住在乡下而非城市的原因是前者生活节奏更慢、生活方式更健康。
引导主语从句的连词 在主语从句充当的成分
连词that 不作成分，无含义
连词whether 不作成分，有含义
连接代词who、what、which 作主语、宾语、表语
连接副词when、where、how、why等 作状语
主语从句就是在复合句中作主语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前置于句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句放至句末。
that引导主语从句时，既没有实际的词义，也不充当从句中的任何成分，仅仅起连接作用，且通常不可省略。(it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语时，that可省略)。
That the earth moves around the sun is a well - known fact.
=It is a well - known fact (that) the earth moves around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转是一个众所周知的事实。
That he passed the college entrance examination surprised everyone.
=It surprised everyone that he passed the college entrance examination.
他通过了高考，这让所有人都感到惊讶。
连接词that
whether 在主语从句中仅作连接词，不充当成分且不可省略。
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。if 引导主语从句时，仅限于 it 作形式主语句型（即if引导主语从句不能位于句首）。
Whether he will accept the job offer remains unknown.
他是否会接受这份工作邀请还不得而知。
It’s not clear if she will come to the party tonight.
她今晚是否会来参加聚会还不清楚。
连接词whether，if
连接代词引导的主语从句
连接代词 语法功能 例句
who 作主语 Who will be our new teacher is not clear yet.
谁将成为我们的新老师还不清楚。
whom 作宾语 Whom you met at the party is my friend.
你在派对上遇到的那个人是我的朋友。
whose 作定语，表示 “谁的” Whose book is on the desk is unknown.
桌子上是谁的书还不知道。
what 作主语、宾语等，表示 “什么” 或 “…… 的东西 / 事情” What he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
他在会议上说的话让每个人都很惊讶。
which 作主语、宾语等，表示 “哪一个 / 些” Which team will win the game is hard to predict.
哪支队伍会赢得比赛很难预测。
引导词的区别
“that” 与 “what”的区别
“that”仅起到连接主句与从句的作用，本身没有实际意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。
“what”不仅起到连接作用，还具有明确的语义，意为“什么”或“…… 的东西 / 事情”，且在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语等关键成分。
That he passed the exam made his parents happy.
他通过了考试，这让他的父母很高兴。
What he did made his parents happy.
他所做的事情让他的父母很开心。
what/who 与 whatever/whoever 的区别
who、what 引导的主语从句通常带有 疑问意义。
who 意为 “谁”，用于询问身份；
what 意为 “什么” 或 “…… 的事物”，用于询问内容；当what不表疑问时，可与 “the thing (s) that” 或 “all that”替换。
whoever、whatever 引导的主语从句 不具疑问性，而是强调 “无论谁”“无论什么”，相当于 “名词 / 代词 + 定语从句”。
whoever 等同于 “anyone who”；
whatever 等同于 “anything that”。
引导词的区别
Who broke the window remains a mystery.
谁打破了窗户仍是个谜。
What did he buy at the store hasn't been told to us.
他在商店买了什么还没告诉我们。
What he wants most is a peaceful life.
=The thing that he wants most is a peaceful life. 他最想要的是平静的生活。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
=Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。
Whatever you choose will be fine with me.
=Anything that you choose will be fine with me. 无论你选什么我都没问题。
引导词的区别
连接副词引导的主语从句
由连接副词when（何时）、where（何地）、why（为何）、how（如何）引导的主语从句，这些连接词不仅具备明确语义，还在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分，用于说明主句动作发生的背景或条件。
When the new museum will open to the public has not been announced yet.
新博物馆何时向公众开放尚未公布。
Where we will hold the school sports meeting depends on the weather.
我们将在哪里举办校运动会取决于天气。
Why he suddenly changed his plan remains a puzzle to us all.
他为什么突然改变计划，对我们所有人来说仍是个谜。
How they managed to complete the project in such a short time is amazing.
他们如何在这么短的时间内完成这个项目令人惊叹。
It作形式主语
为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替，it作形式
主语时常用于以下句型：
1. It +系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有funny, natural, true, strange, important, obvious, certain，wonderful, possible, likely, probable等
2. It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact, surprise, honour, pity, common knowledge/sense等
3. It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known, proved, said, decided, suggested, thought等
4. It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有appear, happen, seem, occur, matter等
1. 在 “It + 系动词 + 形容词 + 主语从句” 结构中，若形容词为 necessary、important、strange、natural 等，从句谓语常用 “(should)+ 动词原形”。这种虚拟语气用于强调事件的必要性、重要性或特殊性
It is necessary that we should save water.
我们应该节约用水，这很有必要。
2. 在 “It + 系动词 + 过去分词 + 主语从句” 句型里，当过去分词为 suggest、advise、request、require 等表示建议、要求的词时，从句谓语要用 “(should)+ 动词原形”。该虚拟语气用于传达指令或建议
It was advised that she should rest for a few days.
有人建议她应该休息几天。
It作形式主语
注意
1. 主语从句的语序
主语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分” 。
That he always arrives early for class surprises his classmates.
他总是早早到班，这让同学们很惊讶。
What he is doing is interesting. 他正在做的事情很有趣。
Who will host the school talent show has not been decided yet.
谁将主持学校才艺表演还没决定。
Whether he can pass the driving test is uncertain. 他能否通过驾照考试还不确定。
Where we should hold the outdoor activity depends on the weather.
我们该在哪里举办户外活动取决于天气。
注意
2. 时态和谓语动词的单复数
1) 一般情况下，主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
但当what引导的主语从句作主语且表语是名词时，主句谓语的单复数要根据后面的表语的单复数而定。
That he studies hard is known to us all.
他学习努力，这我们都知道。
What we need are more books.
我们需要的是更多的书。
注意
3. 当多个主语从句由 and 连接时，视为复数主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said at the meeting and how he behaved afterwards have caused a lot of discussion.
他在会议上的发言以及后来的行为方式引发了诸多讨论。
4. 当一个主语从句由多个连接词引导不同部分，但整体作为一个主语概念时，谓语动词用单数。
What we need and why we need it is clear to everyone.
我们需要什么以及为什么需要，这一点每个人都清楚。
注意
5. 区分主语从句和强调句
1) 去掉结构词判断：对于强调句，去掉 “It is/was... that/who” 结构，句子仍然成立，只是意思不如原来突出强调某一成分；而主语从句去掉引导词后，句子则不完整
2) 替换判断：强调句中 “It is/was... that/who” 结构可以用其他强调方式替换，如用 “do/does/did + 动词原形” 来强调谓语动词，句子意思基本不变；而主语从句不能用这种方式替换
He came to school on time.
=He did come to school on time.
It was Tom who broke the window.
Whether he will come is still unknown.
Part 3
Exercise
Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the supermarket, which have been grown using chemical fertilisers. To her, that they look beautiful on the outside is obvious. However, what she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour. Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city, how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them. Whether they can live a healthy life is the first thing they are considering. So they have made up their minds to move to the countryside, where they can live a green life.
Read the passage and underline all the subject clauses.
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
See you next time!

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