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(共21张PPT)
DiscoveringUsefulStructures
Unit 04
Space Exploration
Review：我们学哪些成分或词性做定语？
a clever boy
swimming pool
polluted water
一个聪明的男孩
游泳池
被污染的水
形容词
doing
done
He has a son who works as a teacher.
他有一个做老师的儿子
定语从句
I have a wish to go to university
我有一个上大学的愿望
不定式作定语
不定式 作定语
1. I have no desire to write.
2. The Smiths were the first to arrive.
3. There was nothing to be done.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中中作___________ 1. 可修饰：
2. 多置于被修饰词___________
3. 多表示_____________的动作。
定语
名词或者代词
之后作后置定语
将来的
只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
例：
1. He was the first one to think of the idea.
2. You are the only person to be late.
3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.
1.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last,
以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。
例：
1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.
2. He made a promise to come here on
time tomorrow.
2.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt,
chance, courage, desire, decision, effort,
failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish …
（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力
等意义的名词）
(1)Our English teacher has many ways _____________(make) her class interesting.
(2) He has a lot of work___________(do) every weekend.
(3) They are looking for a room______________(live).
(4) I have no chance__________ (go) sightseeing with so much work to do.
(5)The airport ____________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
to make
to do
to live in
to go
to be completed
summary
attribute
定语
to do
1.放在被修饰名词后面,常表示将要发生的动作；
2.普通名词被序数词、最高级、 the only 、the next等修饰时；
3.抽象名词后：dream, desire，opportunity ......
4.被修饰词为不定代词：something, nothing, anything等
summary
不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原因等。
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
He came here in order to see Charlie.
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
She wept to hear the news.
目的
目的
目的
结果
结果
原因
不定式 作状语
不定式 作状语
1. Yesterday, I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
2. The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
3.What have I said to make you so excited
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 1.意义：常表示 结果
2.常见结构有：
结果状语
出乎意料
enough to do…, so…as to do…, such… as to do.., only to do…, too…to…
3.常与learn,find,see, hear等动词连用。
1. She is proud to have won the first place.
2.He is glad to be invited to the meeting.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 常见结构有：常用于sb. + be + adj. + to do结构中，形容词(表示情绪或心理活动的词如：anxious,excited,glad,disappointed等）作表语时, 后可接不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种情绪的原因；形容词（cheap,difficult,important等）作表语时同上
原因状语
不定式 作状语
不定式
作状语
1. To learn a language well, you must make efforts.
2. He ran fast all the way so as to catch the first bus.
3. In order to pass the exam, he worked hard till midnight.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 1. 位置：________________
2. 常见结构有：
目的状语
可位于句首或者句末
in order to 和 so as to, 但so as to 不可位于句首
多用来修饰动词、形容词和副词
He came _____________(show) me his new science book.
The doctors are busy doing what they can _____________ (save) the dying man.
The old man was too angry _____________(say) a word.
He hurried to the station to see Tom off, only__________ (find) he had already left.
We are delighted ___________(know) that you’re going to visit us next month.
to show
to save
to say
to find
to know
infinitives as adverbial
Exercise:
summary
adverbial
状语
to do
目的状语:
原因状语:
结果状语:
sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...
to do,in order to do，
so as to do
enough to do，
too...to do...，
so/such... as to do
only to do
动词不定式的时态和语态
　　 语态 时态　 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do
完成式
否定形式
to be done
to have done
to have been done
not to do
not to be done
读例句并归纳
My father has decided to cut out smoking．
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance．
I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing．
I'm happy not to make friends with him.
1. The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
2. I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for me.
3. The little boy pretended to be reading the books when his teacher entered the classroom.
4. He worked hard in order not to fail in the exam again.
to be done:不定式的被动形式
to have done: 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
to be doing: 表示动作正在进行
not to do: 不定式的否定形式
Summarize the usages of infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial.
adverbial
状语
attribute
定语
to do
目的状语:
结果状语:
enough to (足够做...),
too...to(太...而不能),
so/such... as to (如此...以至于)
多修饰名词
常作后置定语
往往表示尚未发生的动作
普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰
抽象名词常有：dream, desire, chance,
hope, promise, idea, fact, way...
to do,in order to (可句首句中),
so as to (只能句中)
forms
1 一般式
2 进行式
3 完成式
原因状语:
sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _____________(achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, ____________(use) current technology, it would take over two years ___________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _____________ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.
to achieve
using
to get
known
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Will scientists figure out a way _____________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answer yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as ____________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to store
to help
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to
exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
=Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to
exercise every day __________________________________.
to/in order to/so as to stay healthy
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly.
5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
=Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space __________________________________________________.
6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.
=During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly _______________________________________________.
to/ in order to/ so as to
keep everything from floating off
to/ in order to/ so as to keep their bodies under control
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly.
data
signature
Conclusion
Thank you

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