资源简介 专题04 高频词汇精讲(思维导图+表格梳理)1.help作动词或名词,意为“帮助”。常见用法如下:2.try的用法如下:如:①You should try to eat more fruit.你应该尽量多吃些水果。②You should try eating more fruit. 你应该试试多吃些水果(看看身体是不是会好些)。【归纳总结】try作动词时的相关短语try on试穿 try out试验;试用(若这两个短语后接的宾语是代词,应将代词放在on/out之前;若宾语是名词,放在on/out前或后均可。)try out for参加……选拔(或试演)like的用法【拓展】would like/feel like的用法4. find的用法变形:find→found(过去式/过去分词)【拓展】辨析find, find out, look for与look up词(组) 意义及用法find “找到,发现”,强调找的结果。find out “查明”,强调经过一番努力查明情况或弄清事实真相。look for “寻找”,侧重寻找的过程,强调动作。look up “查阅”,指在词典等资料中查找;还可译为“向上看”。5. order的用法6.tell的用法意义 搭配/例句告诉;告知 tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事命令;指示;吩咐 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉/命令某人(不要)做某事识别;分辨;区分 tell A from B 区分A和B讲述;说;表达 tell jokes/lies/stories讲笑话/说谎/讲故事判断;看出 As far as I can tell, she’s enjoying the course. 据我判断,她喜欢这门课程。【拓展】辨析tell, say, speak与talk词汇 意义及用法 常见搭配tell “告诉;讲述;辨别;命令”,强调讲给别人听。可接双宾语。 tell sb.(not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事 tell sb.(about) sth.告诉某人(关于)某事 tell stories讲故事 tell A from B 区分A和Bsay “说”,侧重内容。 say thanks/sorry/goodbye to sb. 向某人说谢谢/对不起/再见speak “说(话)”,强调说的语言或能力。 speak English/Chinese说英语/汉语 speak to sb.同某人说话talk “说话;交谈”,强调与人交流。 talk还可作名词,意为“演讲;演说”。 talk to/with sb.和某人交谈 talk about sth.谈论某事 give a talk 作演讲7.show的用法词性 意义及用法动词 意为“给……看;展示”,show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看(展示)某物”意为“引,领,带”,show sb. around 意为“带某人参观某地”意为“表示,显露”,show up意为“出现,露面”,show off意为“炫耀”名词 意为“演出;节目;展览,展览会”,talk show意为“访谈节目”,on show意为“展览;陈列”8. play的用法 play作动词,其意义及用法如下:意义 常用结构/短语播放 play a song播放一首歌演奏 play the guitar/piano/violin 弹吉他/弹钢琴/拉小提琴; play the drums/erhu 敲鼓/拉二胡玩 play+球类运动;play+棋牌类/游戏类名词; play with sb./sth.与某人玩耍/玩某物起作用, 参与 play a role/part (in)意为“参与,发挥作用”【拓展】play作名词时,意为“戏剧,剧本”。9.take的用法意义 常见结构/短语/例句拿,取 take sth./sb. to sp. 带某物/某人到某地 take away拿走,带走 take off脱下(衣物);突然离开;(飞机)起飞花费时间 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多少时间吃,喝,服用 The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. 医生让我一天吃三次药。乘(车、船等) take a/the bus乘坐公共汽车选中;买下;租用 I’ll take the white jacket. 我要那件白色夹克衫。接受,采纳 take one’s advice 采纳某人的建议做……事情,与名词连用 take a rest/break 休息一下 take a risk 冒险 take a walk 散步【拓展】辨析take, bring, carry与get词汇 意义及用法 例句take (→) “带走,拿走”,把某物或某人从说话处带到别处。 Shall I take a gift to my host family? 我要不要给主人家带件礼物呢?bring (←) “带来,拿来”,把某物或某人从别处带到说话处。 Next time I’ll bring a book. 下次我会带本书来。carry (↑) “携带,扛,搬运”,不强调方向,但有负重感。 Let me carry your case for you. 我来帮你提箱子吧。get ( ) “去取来,去拿来”,强调往返的动作。 She has gone to get some milk. 她去取了一些牛奶。10.ask的用法后可接动词不定式作宾补的其他动词:建议允许和鼓励:advise, allow, encourage强制邀请和命令:force, invite, order教会告诉警告他:teach, tell, warn希望想要帮助人:wish, want/would like/expect, help注意:make, let, have后接不定式作宾补时,省略to。如:The teacher always makes the students do eye exercises during breaks.11.mean的用法mean的名词形式为meaning,意为“意思”。常见句型:What’s the meaning of...? =What do/does...mean?=What do you mean by...?meaning还可译为“意义,含义”。12.need的用法13.keep的用法【拓展】辨析borrow,lend与keep词汇 意义及用法borrow 意为“借;借入”,常用于borrow sth. from sb./sp.结构中,表示向某人/从某处借某物。lend 意为“借出”,常用于lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb.结构中,表示把某物借给某人。keep 意为“保留”,是延续性动词,表示“借一段时间”,常用于“keep sth. for+一段时间”结构中。14.make的用法用法 意义make sb./sth. (into)+n. 使某人/某物成为……make sb./sth.+adj. 使某人/某物……make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事;变为被动语态时,应该为sb. be made to do sth.make it+时间 把时间约定在……make sb./sth. done 使某人/某物被……make的相关短语make friends (with...) (与……)交朋友make a wish许愿make up编造(故事、谎言等)make sure确保;查明make the soccer team成为足球队的一员make a difference影响;有作用make one’s way前往;费力地前进make an effort作出努力make it(及时)到达;成功make progress取得进步15.by的用法用法 意义 例句by +v.-ing 形式 通过……方式(途径) He makes a living by teaching. 他通过教书谋生。by+时间点 在……之前;不迟于 You must be home by 10:00 p.m. 你必须晚上十点之前到家。by+交通工具 乘坐 He usually goes to work by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上班。by+地点名词 在……旁; 靠近 She is sitting by the window. 她正坐在窗户旁边。【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中:by the way 顺便问一下;by mistake 错误地;by hand 手工;by oneself 靠自己;by accident 偶然,意外地16.learn的用法如:①You can learn a great deal just from watching other players.你只要注意看其他运动员怎么做就能学到许多东西。②We were very surprised to learn (that) she had got married again.听说她又结婚了,我们感到很惊讶。辨析voice, noise与sound词汇 意义及用法voice 指说话、唱歌的声音,意为“嗓音”。 in a low/loud voice小声/大声地。noise 可作可数或不可数名词,意为“噪声,吵闹声”,常指让人不舒服的声音或嘈杂声。make a noise制造噪声。sound 泛指耳朵能听到的任何声音。如:①I could hear voices in the next room. 我能听到隔壁说话的声音。②I was woken by the noise of a car starting up. 我被汽车的启动声吵醒了。17.turn的用法18.stop的用法辨析across, over, through与past词汇 意义及用法across 表示从表面“穿过;横过”,着重指从一边到另一边。常用短语:across from 在……对面。over 表示从上方“越过”。through 表示从空间内部“穿过;横过”。past 表示从旁边“经过”。如:①The river is too wide, so we can’t swim across it.这条河太宽了,我们游不过去。②A plane flew over the house. 一架飞机从房子上空飞过。③I climbed through the window. 我从窗口爬了出来。④He just walked straight past us!他与我们擦肩而过!辨析pay, spend, take与cost词汇 常用句型pay sb. pay(s) some money for sth.spend sb. spend(s) some money on sth./doing sth. sb. spend(s) some time on sth./(in) doing sth.take It takes (sb.) some time to do sth./sth. takes some timecost sth. cost(s) sb. some money写作提分点拨:pay off意为“成功;奏效;达到目的”,可用于表示辛苦的付出终有回报。如:Our hard work paid off. 我们的努力得到了回报。19.enjoy的用法20.matter的用法21.forget的用法 forget(forgot;forgotten)为动词,意为“忘记;遗忘”。如:①People forget to say thank you sometimes.人们有时会忘记说谢谢。②I’ll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。有些动词与forget用法类似,后接动词不定式或动名词均可,但意思稍有差别。如:22.count的用法 count可作动词,其常见用法如下:意义 常用搭配/例句(按顺序)数数 ①count from...to... 从……数到…… ②count up to... 数到…… ③count down 倒计时把……算入;包括 count sb. out 不包括某人重要(不用于进行时) It’s the thought that counts.贵在心意。23.afraid的用法24.decide的用法decide的名词形式为decision,make a decision意为“做决定”,decide to do sth.=make a decision to do sth.=make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。25.interest的用法26.treat的用法辨析fill...with..., be filled with与be full of辨析 用法fill...with... 动词短语,意为“用……把……填满”,强调动作,主语通常为人。be filled with fill...with...的被动语态,也可作形容词短语,意为“充满”。be full of 形容词短语,意为“充满”,侧重于状态。辨析alone与lonely词汇 词性 意义及示例alone adj. “单独的;独自的”,be alone 一个人待着adv. “单独;独自”, live alone独居lonely adj. “孤独的;寂寞的”,be/feel lonely 感到寂寞 “荒凉的;偏僻的”, a lonely island 一座荒凉的岛【一言辨异】I was traveling alone in the lonely mountain.I didn’t feel lonely though I was alone.我独自走在荒凉的山中。虽孤身一人,但我并不感到寂寞。辨析wear, dress, put on与 (be) in词(组) 用法wear 强调状态,后接衣服、鞋帽、饰物等。dress 强调动作,dress sb.给某人穿衣服,dress up 乔装打扮,get dressed穿上衣服。put on 强调动作,后接衣服、鞋帽、饰物等。宾语是代词时置于put和on之间。(be) in 强调状态,后接表示衣物或饰物颜色的名词。27.as的用法(1)作介词,意为“作为,当作;像,如同”。如:She works as a teacher. 她的职业是教师。(2)作连词:①“当……时;随着”。如: She became happy as she talked about her friends. 她一谈到朋友们就高兴起来了。②“由于,因为”。如:As you were out, I left a message. 因为你不在,所以我留了一张字条。③“正如;如同”。如:As you know, Julia is leaving soon. 你是知道的,朱莉娅马上要离开了。④“照……方式”。如:They did as I had asked. 他们是按照我的要求做的。(3)作副词,意为“像……一样;如同”。常见搭配:as...as...,意为“和……一样……”(常用于同级比较)。如:You’re as tall as your father. 你和你父亲一样高。【拓展】as soon as意为“一……就……”,as long as意为“只要”,as usual意为“像往常一样”。28.leave的用法(1)作动词,leave→left→left→leaving。意为“离开;把……留下”。其用法如下:用法 例句leave sp.(for)离开某地(去……) I leave home for work at 7 every morning. 我每天早上7点离开家去工作。leave for sp.动身去某地 When do you leave for school? 你什么时候去上学?leave sb./sth. +adj./v.-ing/to do 让某人/某物处于某种状态 Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外边雨里等着。leave sb./sth. behind) 把某人/某物落下/留下 He wasn’t well, so we had to leave him behind. 他身体不适,因此我们只好把他留下。leave sb. alone=leave sb. by oneself撇下某人;让某人独自待着 Why can’t you leave me alone? 你为什么不能别管我的事情?作名词,意为“休假;假期”。ask for a month’s leave 意为“请一个月假”。29.mind的用法(1)mind作动词,意为“介意,关心”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。常见结构及意义 句式/例句mind (doing) sth.介意(做)某事 Would/Do you mind (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.? 你介意(某人)做某事吗? 介意:用“Sorry, I’m afraid.../You’d better not.”等作答。 不介意:用“Of course not./Not at all.”等作答。never mind(用于安慰)没关系 Have you broken it? Never mind, we can buy another one. 你把它打碎了?没关系,我们可以再买一个。(2)mind作名词,意为“头脑;思想”。常见搭配:①change one’s mind 改变某人的主意②make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事③keep...in mind 牢记④come to one’s mind突然想起⑤out of mind 心不在焉30.practice的用法词性 意义及用法 例句动词 意为“练习;实践”; practice (doing) sth.练习(做)某事 The more she practices playing the piano, the more she likes music. 她练习弹钢琴越多,就越喜欢音乐。名词 意为“练习;实践”;put in the time/effort to practice 花费时间/精力练习 put...into practice把……付诸实践 You should put your idea into practice. 你应该把自己的想法付诸实践。31.finish的用法巧记后接动名词的动词及短语:开始喜欢想象:begin/start, enjoy/like, imagine建议完成练习:suggest, finish, practise避免介意和考虑:avoid, mind, consider情不自禁想要推迟和放弃:can’t help, feel like, put off, give up32.prepare的用法33.prefer的用法be good短语小结短语 意义及用法be good at “擅长……”,be good at sth./doing sth.=do well in sth./doing sth.“擅长某事/做某事”。其反义词组为be weak in sth./be poor at (sth./doing sth.)在某方面/做某事方面差/弱。be good with “与……相处融洽;善于应付……的”,与get on/along well with同义,后常接表示人的名词或代词。be good for “对……有好处”,其反义词组为be bad for。be good to “对……友好”,相当于be friendly/kind to,后接名词或代词。如:①He’s good at dealing with pressure. 他善于应对压力。②I’m good with my classmates. 我与我的同学关系融洽。③It’s probably good for you to make some mistakes. 犯些错误或许对你有好处。④He is very good to me. 他对我非常友好。辨析win与beat词汇 含义及用法 示例win (won, won) ①“赢”,后接表示比赛(game)、奖品(prize)、战争(war)或荣誉等作宾语。 ②“获胜”,后不接宾语。 ①After beating all the other competitors, Lisa won the singing competition. ②The rain beat against the windows heavily.beat (beat, beaten) ①“打败”,后接对手(人或团队)作宾语。 ②“击打”,指连续击打。[注意]win与beat的反义词为lose,常用搭配为lose(sth.) to sb.【拓展】beat作动词讲,还可译为“(使)规律作响;作节奏运动;快速搅拌;敲打”。辨析another, other, the other, others与the others词汇 意义及用法another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。other “另外的;其他的”。常与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。each other=one another,意为“彼此;互相”。the other 指两者中的“另一个”。常构成“one..., the other...”结构。others 泛指别的人或物;常构成“some..., others...”结构表示对比,意为“一些……,另一些……”。the others 特指其余的人或物(指其余全部)。辨析join, attend与take part in词汇 意义及用法 常见搭配join “参加;加入”,侧重指加入某个党派、团体、组织等,并成为其中一员。也可接人作宾语。 join the army/party(党派)/team/club... join sb. in (doing) sth.attend “出席”,指出席会议等,自己不一定起积极作用。 attend school/a meeting...take part in “参与”,表示参加会议或活动,且在其中发挥一定作用。 take part in a discussion/an activity/a fight/a celebration...34.suggest的用法【易错提醒】①“向某人推荐某物”不能说“suggest sb. sth.”。②“建议某人做某事”不能说“suggest sb. to do sth.”。可以说“suggest that sb. (should) do sth.”或“advise sb. to do sth.”。35.surprise的用法surprise还可作动词,意为“(使)惊讶/吃惊”,其形容词为surprising和surprised。具体用法如下:①surprising“令人惊讶的”,主语为物,如:His idea is surprising. 他的想法很让人惊讶。②surprised“感到意外的”,主语是人,常用结构:sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到意外;be surprised at/by sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。如:I was surprised at how quickly she agreed. 我没想到她这么快就同意了。She looked surprised when I told her. 我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。36.advice的用法词性及意义 常见搭配advice为不可数名词,意为“劝告;建议” ①a piece of advice一条建议 ②ask sb. for advice向某人征求建议 ③give sb. advice (on/about sth.) (就某事)给某人建议 ④take/follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议advise为动词,意为“劝告;建议” ①advise doing sth. 建议做某事 ②advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人(不要)做某事 ③advise that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人(应该)做某事辨析advice与suggestionadvice为不可数名词,不能直接和数词连用;suggestion为可数名词。如:four pieces of advice=four suggestions 四条建议37.choose的用法如:①Many students choose to get further education at home instead of going abroad.许多学生选择在国内接受进一步教育,而不是出国。②He had no choice but to depend on himself at that moment.当时他别无选择,只能依靠自己。38.enough的用法(1)作形容词,意为“充足的;充分的”。修饰名词时,通常置于名词之前,如enough money。(2)作副词,意为“充足地;充分地”。修饰形容词和其他副词时,通常后置,如big enough。not enough to do...可与too...to...或so...that...互换。如:The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.这个男孩太小了,不能去上学。辨析question与problem词汇 意义及用法question ①指说话人需要寻找答案的问题,常与ask, answer连用; ②It’s a question of sth. 这是与……有关的事; ③可作动词,意为“表示疑问;怀疑”。problem ①指说话人认为难以解决的问题,常与solve,think about,work out,deal with(2015.29)连用; ②(考试、教科书中)遇到的难题。如:a math problem 一道数学难题; ③常用短语:no problem 没问题;不客气;没关系。辨析instead与instead of词汇 意义及用法instead 副词,意为“代替;反而”,用于句首或句尾,表示前面的事没做,而做了后面的事。instead of 介词短语,意为“代替;而不是”,后接名词、代词或动名词等。辨析too much, much too与too many词汇 意义及用法 例句too much 意为“太多” ①修饰或代替不可数名词 ②修饰动词作状语 ①They watch too much TV. 他们看电视看得太多了。 ②She laughs too much. 她笑得太多了。much too 意为“太……”,修饰形容词或副词 The clothes she wears are much too young for her. 她穿的衣服显得过于年轻了。too many 意为“太多”,修饰或代替可数名词复数 You made too many mistakes. 你犯的错误太多了。辨析except, besides, but与except for词汇 意义 用法except 除……之外, 把……排除在外 强调被排除的部分不包括在内,except后的词是被排除的部分。besides 除……之外(还有……) 强调被排除的部分也包括在内,besides后的词是包括在内的部分。but 除……之外 but后的词是仅有或存在的内容,常与nobody, none, nothing, all, everything等词连用,有时可与except互换。except for 除……之外 主要用来谈论不同种类的东西,指对某种基本情况进行具体细节方面的修正。如:①I like all sports except football. 除足球外,我喜欢所有的运动。②We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐,我们还有很多共同点。③There is nothing we can do but wait. 除了等待,我们别无他法。④Except for traffic noise the night passed peacefully. 除了交通噪音,那夜安宁地过去了。辨析happen与take place词(组) 用法happen 意为“发生;碰巧”,一般用于偶然或者突发的事件 sth. happen(s) to sb.某人发生某事 sb. happen(s) to do sth.某人碰巧做某事take place 意为“发生;出现;举行”,一般指有计划的安排【注意】①二者均有“发生”之意,都是不及物动词(词组),不能用于被动语态。②二者表示的都是“瞬间”的意思,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。39.agree的用法(1)agree为动词,意为“同意;赞成”。常见搭配 意义agree with sb. 同意某人(的观点)agree to (do) sth. 同意(做)某事agree on (doing) sth. 商定/约定(做)某事agree+that从句 同意……(2)agree的名词形式为agreement,常用结构:in agreement,意为“达成一致”。40.wonder的用法如:①Her new diet and exercise programme has worked wonders for her. 她新的饮食和锻炼计划对她产生了奇效。②She has learned English for many years. No wonder(that) she can communicate with foreigners easily.她已经学了很多年英语了。难怪她跟外国人交流起来很容易。41.reply的用法【拓展】辨析reply与answer词汇 作动词 作名词reply ①两词均意为“答复,回答”; ②answer直接接宾语,reply接宾语须用reply to; ③answer还可表示接电话或应门,如answer the door/phone;reply无此意义。 均与介词to搭配,如the answer to...意为“……的答案”;the reply to...意为“……的答复”。answer辨析provide, give与offer词汇 意义 常用结构provide “提供;供应” provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb.give “给予” give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.offer “主动提出;自愿给予” offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.注意:offer还可译为“提供(东西或机会);供应”。如:The Internet offers special ways of communication in our daily life.互联网为我们的日常生活提供了特殊的交流方式。offer作动词时,还可用于offer to do sth.结构,表示“主动提议做某事”;作名词时,意为“主动提议;报价;减价;特价”。辨析buy, sell与sale词汇 意义及用法buy 动词,意为“买”。buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.,“给某人买某物”;buy sth. from sp. “从某处买某物”sell 动词,意为“卖;出售”。sell sb. sth.或sell sth. to sb.,“把某物卖给某人”;sth. sell(s) well,“某物畅销”;sell out 卖完;售完sale 名词,意为“出售,销售”。on sale“出售,廉价出售”;for sale“供出售,待售”如:①Money can’t buy you happiness. 金钱不能为你买到幸福。②We sell a lot of these to people like you. 我们把许多这种东西卖给您这样的人。③Tickets are on sale this week. 本周票降价出售。辨析used to do sth., be/get used to (doing) sth.与be used to do sth.结构 意义及用法 例句used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”,只用于过去时。说明现在不做了。 I used to get up late in the morning, but now I’m used to getting up early. 我过去早上常常起得很晚,但我现在习惯早起。be/get used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”,其中to是介词。be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。 A knife is used to cut things. 刀是用来切东西的。42.send的用法 send v. send→sent→sent send out分发;发出(光、信号、声音等)意义 常见搭配邮寄;发送 send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth. 给某人邮寄某物 send sth.off/send off sth. 寄出某物;发出某物(2016.70)传达;告知;转致 send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth. 向某人传达某事派遣;打发;安排去 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send sb. to do sth. 安排/派遣某人做某事如:Recently, my smart phone broke and had to be sent off for repair for a week or so.最近,我的手机坏了,不得不寄去修理一周左右。43.protect的用法protect为及物动词,意为“保护;防护”。常见用法:protect sb./sth. (against/from sth.),意为“保护某人/某物(免受……)”。如:①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。辨析please, pleased, pleasure与pleasant词汇 意义及用法please 动词,意为“使愉快,使满意”。另外,也可作感叹词,意为“请”。pleased 形容词,意为“高兴的”,作表语,常修饰人。常用结构:be pleased with对……感到满意;be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。pleasure 名词,作“高兴,快乐,愉快,满意”讲时,为不可数名词;作“乐事,快事”讲时,为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。(帮忙之后表示不客气) With pleasure. 很乐意。(帮忙之前表示乐意效劳)pleasant 形容词,意为“令人愉快的;友好的,和善的”,作定语或表语。如:①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。辨析how long, how often, how soon与how far词组 用法how long 表示“多长时间”,对时间段进行提问,答语通常是“for+时间段”或“since+过去的具体时间点/时间段+ago/一般过去时态的从句”。另外,how long也可以对长度提问,表示“多长”。how often 表示“多久一次”,对频率提问。how soon 表示“还要多久”,答语通常是“in+时间段”。how far 表示“多远”,对距离提问。44.seem的用法[注意]“seem to do sth.” 可与“It seems that+从句”互换。45.invite的用法【拓展】invitation为名词,意为“邀请;请柬”。accept/turn down (refuse) an invitation 接受/拒绝邀请。46.ready的用法 ready作形容词,意为“准备好的;愿意的”。常见搭配:①be/get ready for sth. 为某事做好准备②be ready to do sth.乐意做某事;准备好做某事如:He’s always ready to help his friends. 他总是乐意帮助朋友。47.trouble的用法48.strict的用法 strict为形容词,意为“严格的;严厉的”。如:①Her parents are always strict with her. 她的父母一直对她要求严格。②John is very strict about rules. 约翰对规则要求非常严格。49.either的用法(1)作副词,用于否定句句末,意为“也(不)”。(2)作副词,either...or...,意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”。谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则。(3)作代词,意为“(两者中)任一”。辨析either, also, too与as well这四个词(组)都有“也”的含义,但用法各不相同。词(组) 用法either 位于否定句句末。also 位于实义动词前,be动词、情态动词或助动词后。不用于句末。too 一般位于肯定句句末。另外,其用于形容词或副词前,表示“太……”。as well 位于肯定句句末,其前不用逗号隔开。如:①She hasn’t phoned and she hasn’t written either. 她没来过电话,也没有写过信。②The sofa can also be used as a bed. 这沙发还可当床用。③She has a pet dog, too. 她也有一只宠物狗。④Are they coming as well?他们也来吗?50.proud的用法【拓展】proud的名词形式为pride,the pride of意为“……的骄傲”,take pride in 相当于be proud of,意为“为……感到骄傲”。感官动词用法小结词汇 相同点 意义 常接形容词sound ①其后一般接形容词作表语; ②无被动语态和进行时态。 听起来 great, wonderful, interesting, good, boring, strangelook 看起来 young, old, beautiful, uglyfeel 摸起来 smooth, soft, comfortablesmell 闻起来 nice, sweet, freshtaste 尝起来 delicious, salty, sweet(1)感官动词也可用作名词,具体如下:sound声音;look 相貌; taste 味道;smell 气味;feel 感受,印象(2)sound还可作副词,意为“酣(睡),(睡得)沉”;作形容词,意为“明智的,合理的”,如:①There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work.②My friends offer me some sound advice for my task.51.wait的用法如:①I’m quite happy to wait for you here.我非常高兴在此等候您。②Don’t wait to solve problems until the things go worse. 别等到事情变得更糟才解决问题。52.experience的用法词性及意义 例句不可数名词,意为“经验” Experience is important for this job. 对于这份工作来说,经验是很重要的。可数名词,意为“经历” Tom likes traveling, and he has many interesting experiences. 汤姆喜欢旅行,他有许多有趣的经历。动词,意为“经历;体验;感受” Every student will experience these problems. 每个学生都会经历这些问题。【拓展】experienced为形容词,意为“有经验的”(2018河南阅读A篇)。53.explain的用法(1)explain为动词,意为“解释;说明”。常见用法如下:搭配及意义 例句explain (sth.) to sb. 向某人解释(某事) The teacher explained the problem to the whole class. 这位老师向全班同学解释了这个问题。explain to sb. who/how/... She explained to them what to do in an emergency. 她向他们说明了紧急情况下应采取的行动。explain+宾语从句/特殊疑问词+不定式(短语) Well, that doesn’t explain why you didn’t phone. 噢,那不是你不打电话的理由。(2)explain的名词形式为explanation,意为“解释;说明;阐述”(2017.40)。辨析raise与rise词汇 意义及用法 举例raise (及物动词) 提升;举起;提起 raise one’s hand举手筹集(资金);召集(人员) raise money筹钱增加 raise living costs 提高生活成本养育,抚养 raise pets养宠物rise (不及物动 词) 上升;升起。后不能接宾语,强调“某人/某物自己站/升起来” The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。增长。后不接宾语 The price rises. 价格上涨。54.imagine的用法55.regret的用法(1)作动词,意为“感到遗憾;懊悔”。常见用法如下:用法 意义regret+that/wh-从句 后悔;遗憾……regret to do sth. 对……感到遗憾,指事情还未做regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事,指事情已经做了(2)作名词,意为“遗憾;懊悔”。with regret 遗憾……;have no regrets 不后悔。56.worth的用法(1)作形容词,意为“值得……的;有……价值的”。常见用法:用法 意义be worth doing sth. 值得做某事(主动结构表被动意义)be worth+名词=be worthy of+名词 值得……be worth+具体的钱数 值多少钱(2)作名词,意为“价值,值……钱(的东西)”。如:What is the worth of the painting? 这幅油画值多少钱?【拓展】be of great worth很有价值57.afford的用法58.discuss的用法 discuss作动词,意为“讨论,谈论”,后可接名词或“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。常见搭配:discuss sth. with sb.,意为“与某人讨论某事”。其名词形式为discussion,意为“讨论,商讨”。常见搭配:under discussion意为“在讨论中”;have a discussion on/about...意为“就……进行讨论”。59.succeed的用法 succeed为不及物动词,意为“实现目标;成功”,后常跟介词in,succeed in doing sth. 表示“成功地做了某事”。如:She succeeded in getting everything done. 她成功地完成了所有的事情。【拓展】success n.成功 successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.成功地60.business的用法 business为名词,有几种含义:“商业;买卖;生意”,do business with 和……做买卖。如:It’s been a pleasure to do business with you. 和你做买卖很愉快。“商务;公事”,on business 出差。如:He has been there on business for three days. 他到那里出差已经三天了。“商业机构;企业;公司”。如:They also get credits while they learn how to run a business. 他们在学习经营公司的同时还可以修学分。“归(某人或机构)管的事;职责;事物”。如:My private life is none of your business. 我的私生活与你无关。61.population的用法62.manage的用法manage的名词形式有两种:①manager n. 经理,管理人;②management n. 经营,管理(不可数)。63.support的用法如:①The government has worked for years to support the homeless. 政府多年来一直致力于帮助无家可归者。②Only a few people spoke in support of the decision. 只有几个人表示支持这个决定。64.encourage的用法 encourage为动词,意为“鼓励”。常见搭配:(1)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事如:They encourage boys to take part in ball games. 他们鼓励男孩们参加球类比赛。(2)encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人如:My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。辨析have been to, have gone to与have been in词汇 意义及用法have been to “曾经去过某地”,现在已经回来。常与just, ever, never连用,后可接表次数的副词。have gone to “到某地去了”,指谈论的对象现在不在说话现场,一般不用第一、二人称作主语。have been in “在某地待了多久”,常与表示时间的结构连用(since 1998/for five weeks/...)。易错提醒:当have been to和have gone to后接某些地点副词,如here, there, home等时,介词to应省略。65.allow的用法如:The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.医生也许会允许她下周回去上班。66.marry的用法意义及用法 例句“娶”或“嫁”, marry sb. Susan married Tom ten years ago. 苏珊十年前嫁给了汤姆。“把A嫁给B”, marry A to B The farmer married his daughter to a math teacher. 这个农场主把自己的女儿嫁给了一个数学老师。get married(表动作)/be married (表状态)“结婚” Mr.Black got married last year. 布莱克先生去年结婚了。has/have been married+for+时间段,“结婚多久了” She has been married for twenty years. 她已经结婚20年了。【注意】get/be married可与to连用,但不可与with连用。67.avoid的用法avoid作动词,意为“避开;躲避”,相当于keep oneself from;意为“防止”,相当于prevent。常见用法:avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。如:They avoid going out alone after dark. 他们避免天黑后独自出门。68.require的用法①sth. require(s) doing/to be done 某事需要被做,表被动(=need)②require +that从句 需要…… (从句中谓语动词为“should+动词原形”,should可省略)69.waste的用法词性及意义 常见搭配/示例名词,意为“浪费;废物;垃圾” a waste of...一种浪费……的行为动词,意为“浪费;滥用” waste time/money/... on sth.在某物上浪费时间/金钱/…… waste time/...(in) doing sth.浪费时间/……做某事形容词,意为“无用的;废弃的;丢弃的” a piece of waste ground一片荒地如:①Watching TV too much is a waste of time.看电视太多是浪费时间。②Don’t throw waste things around.不要到处乱扔废物。70..consider的用法常用结构 例句consider+n./pron./doing sth.=think about...“考虑……” You’d better consider my advice.你最好考虑一下我的建议。 Why not consider going swimming to relax yourself? 为什么不考虑去游泳放松一下呢?consider+从句/“疑问词+不定式”结构“考虑……” I’m considering where to spend my holiday. 我正在考虑去哪里度假。consider +sb./sth.+(as)+名词“把……视为……” The old man considers the kind man as his son. 老人把这个善良的男人看作自己的儿子。consider sb. (to be)... “认为某人是……” They considered him to be clever. 他们认为他很聪明。辨析achieve, realize与come true词汇 意义及用法 例句achieve 意为“(通过努力)达到;完成;实现”,其主语一般为人。 Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。realize 意为“实现;将……变为现实”,主语为人,后常接愿望、梦想等。也可表示“理解;意识到”。 We try to help all students realize their dreams. 我们试图帮助所有的学生实现梦想。come true 意为“实现”,其主语一般为希望、愿望等,且不能用于被动语态。 After years of hard work, his dream came true at last. 多年的努力之后,他的梦想最终实现了。辨析compare...with...与compare...to...词组 意义及用法compare... with... 意为“把……和……作比较”,常表示同类相比、比较。compare... to... 意为“把……比作……”,常表示异类相比、比喻。另外,还可表示“把……与……比较”,此时可与compare...with...互换。辨析lie与lay原形 词性 意义 过去 式 过去 分词 现在 分词lie v. 躺;位于;平放 lay lain lyingv. 撒谎 lied lied lyingn. 谎言 / / /lay v. 下蛋;放置 laid laid laying如:①The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire. 猫卧在炉火旁睡得很熟。②Don’t lie to me! 别对我撒谎!③The hens are not laying well. 母鸡现在下蛋不多。④She laid the book down on the table. 她把书放在桌上。辨析sleep, sleepy与asleep词汇 意义及用法sleep 作动词时,强调睡觉这个动作;作名词时,意为“睡眠”。sleepy 形容词,意为“困倦的,昏昏欲睡的”。asleep 形容词,意为“睡着的”,只能作表语,反义词为awake。如:①Ros fell into a deep sleep. 罗斯睡着了,睡得很沉。②He began to feel sleepy. 他开始觉得困了。③He fell asleep on the sofa. 他在沙发上睡着了。71.warn的用法如:①My father warned me not to play computer games too much. 我父亲提醒我不要玩太多电脑游戏。②It seems only right to warn you of/about the risk.警告你注意风险似乎是正确的。③Parents have been warned against allowing children to eat too many snacks.家长们被警告不要让孩子吃太多零食。72.doubt的用法如:①I doubt whether/if he is honest. 我怀疑他是否诚实。②There is no doubt that human activity has an effect on the earth.毫无疑问,人类活动对地球有影响。73.be made短语74.suppose的用法 suppose为动词,意为“推断;料想;假定;假设”。常见用法:用法 意义be supposed to do sth. =should do sth. 应该/理应做某事be not supposed to do sth. 不允许或禁止做某事It is supposed+that从句 据猜测……suppose+that从句(that可省略) 表示猜测/假定(=think that...)suppose+sb./sth.+to be... 认为某人/某物是……75.promise的用法如:①If you make a promise, you should keep it.如果你许下承诺,你应该遵守。②He promised his teacher he wouldn’t lie again.他向他的老师保证不会再撒谎了。76.influence的用法(1)作动词,意为“影响”。influence sb./sth.,意为“影响某人/某事”。如:His writings have influenced the lives of millions. 他的作品影响了千百万人。(2)作名词,意为“影响”。have a(n) ... influence on/upon... 意为“对……有……影响”。如:His parents have a very positive influence on him. 他的父母对他有非常积极的影响。77.remain的用法(1)作不及物动词,意为“剩余,遗留;逗留;仍需去做(或说、处理)”。如:Very little of the house remained after the fire. 火灾之后,这座房子所剩无几。(2)作系动词,意为“仍然是;保持不变”,相当于keep,后接名词或形容词作表语。如:The main thing is to remain calm. 最重要的事是要保持冷静。常见短语:remain to be done,意为“仍需去做(或说、处理)”。如:Much remains to be done. 还有很多事要去做。78.introduce的用法introduce为动词,意为“介绍;引见”。常见搭配:辨析a number of与the number of词汇 意义及用法a number of 意为“一些,许多”,后接可数名词复数;“a number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。the number of 意为“……的数量”,后接可数名词复数;“the number of+复数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:The number of the volunteers is 100 now, and a small number of them have already gone to the workplace.现在有100名志愿者,其中一小部分志愿者已经去了工作场所。79.would rather的用法would rather的常见搭配有:①would rather do sth.,意为“宁愿做某事”,没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式为would rather not do sth.,疑问形式为将would提至句首。②would rather do A than do B=prefer to do A rather than do B,意为“宁愿做A,也不愿做B”。辨析lively, living, live与alive词汇 意义及用法lively adj.“精力充沛的;生机勃勃的;活跃热情的;鲜艳的”,可修饰人或物。living adj. “活的,现存的”,强调“尚在人间”,修饰人或物。 n.“生计;生活”,make a living 谋生。live adj.“活的”,只修饰物。 adj.“现场直播的;实况转播的”。 v.“居住;生活;生存”。 adv.“在现场直播;在现场表演”。alive adj.“活着;在世”, 强调生与死的界限,作表语、后置定语,可修饰人或物。【拓展】alive 还可译为“有生气的,有活力的”。如:She seemed more alive and looked forward to getting up in the morning. 她似乎更有活力,并且期待着一早就起21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览