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(共37张PPT)
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Period-3
Discovering useful structures
After learning this class, students will be able to:
learn the vocabulary related to the Titanic.
understand the usage and function of past tense participles as attributives and object complements.
use past participles as attributives and object complements in real contexts to express emotions and describe situations.
Learning objectives
Part I
The Past Participle as the Attribute
Lead-in
What have you seen？
Observe and discover
The damaged hull began to take in water, signaling the impending disaster.
The cracked iceberg left a deep scar along the side of the ship.
The shattered glass from broken windows scattered across the floor as the ship jolted.
The shocked passengers, frozen in disbelief, stared at the gaping hole in the ship's side.
The pierced steel plates groaned under the pressure as the ship began to list.
What have you found
Observe and discover
The damaged hull began to take in water, signaling the impending disaster.
The cracked iceberg left a deep scar along the side of the ship.
The shattered glass from broken windows scattered across the floor as the ship jolted.
The shocked passengers, frozen in disbelief, stared at the gaping hole in the ship's side.
The pierced steel plates groaned under the pressure as the ship began to list.
What’s the function of bold words
What will happen if we remove them
Observe and discover
The damaged hull began to take in water, signaling the impending disaster.
The hull began to take in water, signaling the impending disaster.
The cracked iceberg left a deep scar along the side of the ship.
The iceberg left a deep scar along the side of the ship.
The shattered glass from broken windows scattered across the floor as the ship jolted.
The glass from broken windows scattered across the floor as the ship jolted.
The shocked passengers, frozen in disbelief, stared at the gaping hole in the ship’s side.
The passengers stared at the gaping hole in the ship’s side.
The pierced steel plates groaned under the pressure as the ship began to list.
The steel plates groaned under the pressure as the ship began to list.
Are those sentences still grammatically acceptable
Observe and discover
The damaged hull began to take in water, signaling the impending disaster.
The hull began to take in water, signaling the impending disaster.
Conclusion: The attributes can modify nouns to enrich the meaning of sentences and express more complicated meaning.
Observe and discover
The damaged hull began to take in water, signaling the impending disaster.
The cracked iceberg left a deep scar along the side of the ship.
The shattered glass from broken windows scattered across the floor as the ship jolted.
The shocked passengers, frozen in disbelief, stared at the gaping hole in the ship’s side.
The pierced steel plates groaned under the pressure as the ship began to list.
Thinking tip: Pay attention to the positions of past participles.
Observe and discover
The shocked passengers, frozen in disbelief, stared at the gaping hole in the ship’s side.
Conclusion: A single past participle, when used as an attribute, precedes the noun or pronoun it modifies
Conclusion: The past participle phrase is usually positioned after the word it modifies.
Conclusion: A single past participle should be positioned after the word when modifying an indefinite pronoun or demonstrative pronoun.
Observe and discover
Damaged hull
Shocked passengers
Shattered glass
Cracked iceberg
Polluted river
Conclusion: The past participles (phrases) indicate passiveness, complete or state.
Observe and discover
fallen leaves
Observe and discover
falling leaves
fallen leaves
Observe and discover
Sunken ship
Sinking ship
Passengers trapped below deck
Sailors working frantically
Negative（passive）, finished
Positive, ongoing
Observe and discover
Shocked crew
frightened passengers
Shocking accident
frightening event
Conclusion: Present participle expresses the nature of the noun it modifies, while past participle expresses the state of the noun it modifies.
Observe and discover
The shocked passengers, frozen in disbelief, stared at the gaping hole in the ship’s side.
The shocked passengers, who were frozen in disbelief, stared at the gaping hole in the ship’s side.
Conclusion: The structure of past participle phrase can be regarded as the omitted version of attributive clause
Practice and improve
这个被很多人喜爱的运动员叫姚明.
The player ____________________ is Yao Ming.
=The player _____ _____ ______ by many people is Yao Ming.
床前明月光，疑似地上霜
Lit by moon, the light on my floor; looks like frost spread on the ground.
＝Lit by the moon, the light that is on my floor looks like frost _________ _____ ______ on the ground.
loved by many people
who
spread
is
which/that
loved
is
Practice and improve
1. “白日依山尽，黄河入海流”
The sun ______ by mountains sinks from sight; the Yellow River flows to the sea ______ with light. (hide, paint)
2. “春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟”
______ in spring sleep, I miss the dawn’s light; birds’ songs ______ everywhere break the night. (lose, hear)
3. “孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪”
An old man in a boat, __________ by straw; fishes alone in the river __________ by snow. (cover, chill)
Fill in the banks with the given proper forms of given words.
chilled
heard
Lost
hidden
painted
covered
Part II
The Past Participle as Object Complement
Observe and discover
From the deck, people saw the massive iceberg surrounded by floating debris.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
The officers observed the damage caused by the iceberg with growing concern.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
The passengers watched the lifeboats lowered into the freezing ocean.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
The passengers watched the lifeboats lowered into the freezing ocean.
The officers observed the damage caused by the iceberg with growing concern.
From the deck, people saw the massive iceberg surrounded by floating debris.
Conclusion: Participles functioning as object complements are usually used in combination with verbs expressing perception, sensation and discovery. Such verbs include: watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find, etc.
Observe and discover
The disaster made the ship’s fate sealed within minutes.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
The officers kept the first-class passengers informed about the situation.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
The crew tried to get the passengers organized for evacuation.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
Conclusion: Participial phrases functioning as object complements are usually used in combination with verbs expressing the meaning of “resulting in” or “causing”. For example, verbs like have, make, get, keep, etc.
The disaster made the ship’s fate sealed within minutes.
The officers kept the first-class passengers informed about the situation.
The crew tried to get the passengers organized for evacuation.
Observe and discover
Many passengers would like their luggage brought safely to the lifeboats.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
The crew wished the broken lifeboats repaired before the final evacuation.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
The captain ordered the emergency signals sent immediately after the collision.
Observe the rules of the past participle
Observe and discover
Conclusion: Participial phrases functioning as object complements are usually used in combination with words expressing wishes, commands or desires, such as want, expect, would like, wish, order etc.
Many passengers would like their luggage brought safely to the lifeboats.
The crew wished the broken lifeboats repaired before the final evacuation.
The captain ordered the emergency signals sent immediately after the collision.
Practice and improve
Fill in the banks with the given proper forms of given words.
The captain had the messages (send) ________ to nearby ships to ask for help.
The orchestra kept the beautiful music (play) ________ until the very end.
The rescue team got the survivors (lift) ________ onto the Carpathia safely.
The officer made the lifeboats (prepare) ________ quickly for the women and children.
The kind-hearted passengers wished their loved ones (protect) ________ during the evacuation.
Practice and improve
Fill in the banks with the given proper forms of given words.
A study ____________ (conduct)in Youngstown, Ohio (俄亥俄州扬斯敦) for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
These include plants that have sensors _______(print) onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it __________(perform) live is quite another.
I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ______(take).
conducted
printed
performed
taken
Summary
Grammatical points
The attributes can modify nouns to enrich the meaning of sentences and express more complicated meaning.
A single past participle, when used as an attribute, precedes the noun or pronoun it modifies
The past participle phrase is usually positioned after the word it modifies.
A single past participle should be positioned after the word when modifying an indefinite pronoun or demonstrative pronoun.
The past participles (phrases) indicate passiveness, complete or state.
Present participle expresses the nature of the noun it modifies, while past participle expresses the state of the noun it modifies.
The structure of past participle phrase can be regarded as the omitted version of attributive clause.
Summary
Grammatical points
Participles functioning as object complements are usually used in combination with verbs expressing perception, sensation and discovery. Such verbs include: watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find, etc.
Participial phrases functioning as object complements are usually used in combination with verbs expressing the meaning of “resulting in” or “causing”. For example, verbs like have, make, get, keep, etc.
Participial phrases functioning as object complements are usually used in combination with words expressing wishes, commands or desires, such as want, expect, would like, wish, order etc.
Transfer and upgrade
Homework
Compulsory
Finish the exercises in textbook.
Make a small portfolio for your famous historical figure with the structure we have learnt.
Selective
Make a composition based on the portfolio you made.
Evaluation
Items Self-evaluation Peer-evaluation General evaluation
Actively engaging in discussion
Precisely concluding the rules
Independently finishing the exercises

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