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2025届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三下学期考前模拟测试（一）英语试题
一、阅读理解
Hi, guys! Your high school graduation season is approaching. Have you decided on your travel destination to celebrate your graduation Liberty Travel is bound to your best choice! To ensure your next vacation is priceless, we are committed to offering you exceptional guidance and value.GUIDANCE
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At Liberty Travel it’s the customers who make a difference. Our travel experts craft the perfect trip for every traveler through our award-winning customer service. Please contact us. We bet you will have an unforgettable graduation journey of a lifetime.
1．What service can Liberty Travel offer
A．The most convenient transportation. B．Expert consultants’ guidance.
C．Cheapest travel packages. D．Regular customers’ reviews.
2．What can customers get for free
A．Travel insurance. B．Business partners.
C．Exclusive benefits. D．Tailored planning.
3．What is the type of the text
A．A story. B．A guide. C．An advertisement. D．A plan.
A 16th-century painting, Madonna and Child by Venetian artist Antonio Solario, has become the focus of an international legal battle after resurfacing in Britain. Stolen in 1973 from a museum in Belluno, Italy, the artwork was recovered in Austria alongside other stolen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dozsa, a British woman, whose late husband purchased it “in good faith” that year.
De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years. However, Italian authorities and art lawyer Christopher Marinello argue the work remains stolen property. The painting was identified in 2017 when De Dozsa attempted to auction (拍卖) it, drawing special attention from Inter-police and Italian police databases. Due to the delays for some unstoppable reason, Italy missed the deadline to submit legal documents, leading British police to return the painting to De Dozsa in 2020.
Marinello, founder of Art Recovery International, insists the museum keeps legal ownership, stressing that British police clearly denied transferring title to De Dozsa. The Belluno museum’s Carlo Cavalli stressed this position again, stating possession does not equal to ownership.
De Dozsa claims financial burdens to contest the case, including $6,000 in legal fees and insurance costs, but Marinello contradicts that the painting’s value ($60,000–$80,000) and illegal status render it unsellable. British police cited Italy’s delayed response as a good reason for releasing the artwork to her.
The case underscores tensions between legal technical details and ethical obligations in art ownership. Solario, active in Italy and possibly England, has works displayed in London’s National Gallery, highlighting the cultural significance of reclaiming lost heritage. As legal efforts continue, the dispute remains unresolved, testing international diplomatic manners for recovering stolen art.
4．What happened to the painting Madonna and Child
A．It was sold in 1973. B．It was found in Italy.
C．It was stolen in Austria. D．It was auctioned in 2020.
5．What empowers De Dozsa to defend her legal ownership
A．The painting’s high restoration cost.
B．The Limitation Act 1980 in British law.
C．The museum’s failure to report the theft timely.
D．Her late husband’s preference as an art collector.
6．According to Marinello, why can’t De Dozsa sell the painting
A．It remains stolen property under law.
B．Its market value is too low to attract buyers.
C．British police ban any auction of the artwork.
D．The museum has already reclaimed it through legal means.
7．What is the best title of the passage
A．The Challenges of Art Heritage Preservation
B．A Stolen Painting’s Recovery Through Europe
C．Ownership Dispute Under Different Legal Systems
D．A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stolen Masterpiece
Microplastic pollution is severely damaging global food supplies by disrupting plants’ ability to produce energy from sunlight, according to a recent study. Researchers estimate that 4% to 14% of main crops — wheat and rice — are already lost due to widespread microplastic pollution. Without urgent action, this crisis could push an additional 400 million people into hunger by 2043, worsening global food insecurity as the population is expected to reach 10 billion by 2058.
Microplastics, formed from broken-down plastic waste, have spread to ecosystems worldwide — from Mount Everest to deep oceans. They harm crops by blocking sunlight, polluting soil, and releasing poisonous chemicals. The study shows that land plants’ energy production drops by 12%, while ocean algae — vital to marine food chains — declines by 7%. Asia suffers the largest crop losses (54–177 million tons yearly), making up half the global total. Europe’s wheat and U.S. corn are also heavily affected, and annual seafood losses (1–24 million tons) threaten millions who rely on fish for protein.
Human health risks add urgency. Microplastics have been found in blood and brains, with possible links to heart disease. Professor Huan Zhong’s team at Nanjing University warns, “Efforts to feed the growing population are now put at risk by plastic pollution. Reducing pollution is key to protecting food supplies.” The study, published in a major science journal, analyzed over 3,000 data points from 157 studies, though researchers stress the need for more data to improve predictions.
Global cooperation remains weak. Despite failed UN plastic treaty talks in 2022, scientists urge policymakers to focus on microplastics in new talks this August. Professor Richard Thompson at the University of Plymouth states, “While predictions may change, action cannot wait. A strong international agreement on microplastics is crucial for both food security and environmental health.”
As microplastics also threaten the ocean’s ability to absorb CO — through tiny ocean plants critical to fighting climate change — the study highlights a double crisis: failing food systems and ecological damage. With nations slow to act, time is running out to prevent irreparable harm to food supplies and the planet.
8．What is the researchers’ warning about microplastic pollution
A．It may increase global hunger risks in the future.
B．It affects crops in Europe and the United States.
C．Its impact on plant growth is less severe than climate change.
D．It has already caused permanent damage to marine ecosystems.
9．Why does the author include multiple statistics in Paragraph 1 and 2
A．To oppose arguments dismissing climate change.
B．To emphasize the severity of environmental decline.
C．To criticize the slow progress of environmental policies.
D．To show interactions between different environmental factors.
10．How do microplastics indirectly worsen climate change
A．By releasing greenhouse gases. B．By killing the tiny ocean plants.
C．By regulating polar ice stability. D．By harming coral reef ecosystems.
11．What is the author most likely to discuss next
A．How to reduce the plastic production levels.
B．How to ban plastic waste to support global efforts.
C．How to rapidly remove microplastics from marine ecosystems.
D．How to strengthen international cooperation against microplastics.
We starve it. Sweat it off. Freeze or carve it out. Body fat is seen as an evil, and the way we treat people with larger bodies fills me with anger. We build tiny airplane seats and complain when people can’t fit in them; we watch as total strangers laugh at larger people about their health.
The way we stigmatize fat is frustrating given how important our fat cells are. We are used to thinking of fat as this passive thing we try to stuff into our jeans. But what if we saw it as a biological organ and one of the most adaptable in the human body What if we gave it the same research funding, care and attention we gave our hearts, livers or brains
It might seem odd to think of fat as an organ, in part because many of the organs we think about are so contained. There is only one liver, only two kidneys. But adipose tissue (脂肪组织), which communicates with stomach, brain and immune system, is stored all over the body. The most abundant form, white adipose tissue, is beneath the skin. We wrongly associate this tissue with laziness. Instead, it is full of energy. Each cell contains a large drop of liquid filled with multichained molecules (多链分子), which it releases as fuel. The tissue’s ability to grow and shrink is a feature, not a bug. It is constantly swelling and draining, taking up energy and sending it out again multiple times per day. Thanks to fat, our biochemistry function smoothly.
So why have we hated it so much and for so long Fear of fat has existed throughout history, with even Shakespeare telling fat jokes, long before we understood anything about metabolic (新陈代谢) health. Also, diets and weight-loss drugs are marketed with health benefits. They sell the public on “losing weight,” without regard for which kinds of tissue are being lost, or how that loss might affect the rest of the body.
Our stigma causes harm, and it also causes incuriosity. If we approach fat with more appreciation, we might be able to develop more treatments that target the metabolic disease, rather than assuming less weight will solve all problems. We might learn more about how our own bodies use adipose tissue. We might gain a different view of larger bodies. We might do better for science and society, if we could only stomach a different view of fat.
12．What does the underlined word “stigmatize” mean
A．stomach B．approach C．discriminate D．appreciate
13．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A．The functions of fat in our body.
B．The harm of fat caused to our body.
C．The communication of organs in our body.
D．The components of adipose tissue in our body.
14．Why are diets and weight-loss drugs mentioned
A．To claim how harmful fat is.
B．To explain why fat is undervalued.
C．To emphasize how healthy they are.
D．To indicate why the public values their effects.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards fat
A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Appreciative.
As spring begins, so does a fresh song at daybreak, unique to the season. Just before the sun rises, birds start singing their melodies, creating a symphony. This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus and this harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year. The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate. 16 They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder, the better in regard to who is the most impressive mate.
17 There’s a lot of debate, and it seems that there is no general agreement on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn. One possibility is that weather conditions at dawn make it easier for birdsong to travel. 18 Sound also transmits more clearly when humidity (湿度) is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance. It may also be that in the morning, after the night has passed, male birds want to inform their competitors that they’re still there, claiming their territory.
Witnessing the dawn chorus can be a rewarding experience, and this phenomenon can also help scientists work on bird conservation. 19 For example, scientists record the dawn chorus to understand which species live in an area, or how populations are changing.
Fortunately, anyone can listen to it. This spring, just wake up early, bring a cup of coffee, head out into nature, and stand still and listen. 20 It’s the most natural soundtrack on Earth, which is just so wonderful.
A．These birds sing louder to be heard.
B．What makes birdsong much louder in the morning
C．It’s better to do some research on how birds sing and hum.
D．But why birds sing in the early morning is still an open question.
E．Generally, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and denser.
F．You don’t need to know how to identify bird calls or songs to just appreciate them.
G．Listening to birdsong is a window into the health of the species and the ecosystem.
二、完形填空
A group of close friends decided to visit their former university professor at his home. The professor, who had been a 21 tutor to many students, was delighted by the surprise visit. It was a 22 reunion for not only the professor but also all the friends as some of them were meeting after a long time. They 23 shared life updates — careers, families, and personal growth.
While sharing stories, the group reflected on their 24 paths. Some became corporate leaders; others excelled in business. Though each achieved these milestones at different 25 , all had married and built families. The conversation, initially warm, gradually turned to 26 about work stress and relationship challenges.
Noticing this, the professor went to the kitchen and 27 with a tray of cups. Some were expensive porcelain; others were plain plastic. He offered coffee, and when everyone held a cup, he 28 , “Notice that you all took the nicer cups first. That’s 29 , but the cup doesn’t determine the coffee’s quality. Life is like this — jobs and status are just ‘containers’, while true happiness is ‘coffee’, which 30 your inner peace.”
The room fell silent. One friend asked, “So we should ignore 31 ” The professor smiled: “No, but don’t let them 32 your joy. The happiest people don’t have everything; they 33 the best of everything.”
That evening, the friends left with a renewed 34 . True fulfillment comes not from external achievements but from inner satisfaction. Years later, they’d recall this 35 whenever stress threatened their peace.
21．A．strict B．beloved C．regular D．humorous
22．A．peaceful B．funny C．formal D．joyful
23．A．eagerly B．occasionally C．calmly D．briefly
24．A．academic B．vocational C．accidental D．economical
25．A．angles B．costs C．scales D．moments
26．A．excitement B．complaints C．achievements D．plans
27．A．returned B．dealt C．arrived D．parted
28．A．replied B．whispered C．said D．protested
29．A．cautious B．natural C．random D．decisive
30．A．results in B．takes after C．thinks of D．depends on
31．A．pressures B．opportunities C．risks D．duties
32．A．protect B．steal C．share D．double
33．A．made B．took C．expected D．experienced
34．A．interest B．perspective C．energy D．connection
35．A．course B．lecture C．project D．lesson
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
American internet influencer IShowSpeed is hitting the headlines across global social media with his marathon livestreams of his China tour. With over 37 million followers, this Gen Z video 36 (create) is offering an unprocessed view of China, 37 (attract) audiences worldwide.
Darren Jason Watkins Jr., 38 (well) known as IShowSpeed or simply Speed, has been nicknamed “Hyperthyroid Bro” (甲亢哥) by Chinese netizens for his boundless energy and 39 (express) reactions. As he travels through China, he 40 (continue) to deliver viral moments, drawing millions of viewers.
During his trip, Speed has explored 41 matchmaking corner in Shanghai, performed backflips on the Great Wall, and learned martial arts at the Shaolin Temple. He was amazed by the uninterrupted livestream signal in a high-speed rail tunnel and was excited 42 (recognize) in the streets.
Speed’s lively adventures have not only entertained 43 reshaped many people’s perceptions of China. Through his real-time broadcasts, viewers worldwide are gaining a closer look at the country and its daily life. “I was completely taken aback by 44 polite and kind Chinese people are. Their culture is among the greatest in the world,” commented Lorna, a netizen.
From cultural exchanges between Chinese and American users on Chinese social apps 45 Speed’s uninterrupted livestreams across China, social media is fostering deeper cross-cultural understanding through direct, people-to-people interactions.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，你校将承办国际体育嘉年华活动(Sports Carnival)，现向学生征集趣味运动活动项目。请你给活动负责人David写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 提议一个项目;
2. 阐述实施方案。
注意：
1. 字数80个词左右;
2. 适当地增加细节使行文连贯;
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I’d always been told to take care of my older brother, Brian, who was born weak and small. I’d often tie his shoes or prepare another glass of water for him. My mom saw my larger size and strong body as a sign that I was to be a kind of guardian angel (守护天使) for Brian. However, that was not the case.
One day our school sponsored a pumpkin-carving contest. First prize was $100, and I knew just how I would spend it. There was a brand-new game I was dying to own. So I decided the first place bonus definitely had to land in my pocket.
When I had to carve the perfect pumpkin I’d picked out, it dawned on me that with my big clumsy fingers I’d surely screw it up (搞砸). I thought of Brian’s smaller, delicate hands and knew he was the man for the job. I immediately begged Brian. Unexpectedly, he asked for a cut. That was fifty-fifty. Quickly doing the math in my head, I figured out even if I split (分摊) the first prize, I’d still have enough cash for the game. So I gave in to Brian’s demands. With skillful hands Brian carved the perfect face, and now we had the best pumpkin ever.
Then the unexpected happened: We came in second. Unfortunately, second prize was only $50, and I needed every penny of that to buy the game. The day of the awards ceremony, the principal handed over the money to me because Brian was home, sick with cold.
If he really wanted to win, he would have been here today, I thought to myself, justifying stealing the cash from under poor Brian’s runny nose. With hardly a thought, I ran to the store and bought my dream game. That night when Brian asked if we had won, I denied, afraid to look into his eyes.
The whole thing was never mentioned again until the day when Brian was packing for college. I played my usual role in helping him pack when I came across an old album filled with photos he had taken as the school photographer.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
“You actually knew and didn’t say anything " I was shocked.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Liberty Travel可为即将毕业的高中生提供旅游服务，包括专业指导和高性价比等优势。
【详解】1．细节理解题。根据GUIDANCE部分中“Our expert consultants know where you can travel and use their wealth of knowledge to help you make the best decisions for your trip. (我们的专业顾问知道你可以去哪里旅游，并利用他们丰富的知识帮助你为你的旅行做出最佳决策)”可知，Liberty Travel能提供专业顾问的指导。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据VALUE部分中“*The one-to-one customer service offline and personalized travel planning come at no extra cost. (*线下一对一的客户服务和个性化的旅行规划都是免费的)”可知，客户可以免费获得量身定制的规划。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Liberty Travel is bound to your best choice! To ensure your next vacation is priceless, we are committed to offering you exceptional guidance and value.(Liberty Travel必定是您的最佳选择!为确保您的下一次假期无比珍贵，我们致力于为您提供卓越的指导和价值)”以及后文对该旅行社在指导和价值方面优势的详细介绍和最后一段“Please contact us. We bet you will have an unforgettable graduation journey of a lifetime.(请联系我们。我们保证您将拥有一次终生难忘的毕业之旅)”可推知，文章介绍了Liberty Travel可为即将毕业的高中生提供旅游服务，包括专业指导和高性价比等优势，目的是推广该旅行社的服务，是一篇广告。故选C项。
【答案】4．A 5．B 6．A 7．D
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一幅16世纪威尼斯艺术家Antonio Solario创作的画作Madonna and Child在英国重新出现后引发的一场国际法律纠纷。
【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Stolen in 1973 from a museum in Belluno, Italy, the artwork was recovered in Austria alongside other stolen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dozsa, a British woman, whose late husband purchased it “in good faith” that year.(1973年，这幅画在意大利Belluno的一家博物馆被盗，后来在奥地利和其他被盗作品一起被找到，后来被英国妇女Barbara De Dozsa收购，她已故的丈夫当年“善意地”买下了它)”可知，Madonna and Child于1973年被盗，且在同一年的晚些时候被卖给Barbara De Dozsa的丈夫。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years.(De Dozsa拒绝归还这幅画作，他援引了英国《1980年时效法案》（Limitation Act 1980），该法案规定，如果赃物购买者是在不知情的情况下购买，并且持有该赃物超过六年，那么购买者将获得对该赃物的合法所有权)”可知，让De Dozsa有权利捍卫自己的合法所有权的是英国法律中的《1980年时效法案》。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“De Dozsa claims financial burdens to contest the case, including $6,000 in legal fees and insurance costs, but Marinello contradicts that the painting’s value ($60,000–$80,000) and illegal status render it unsellable.(De Dozsa声称自己因应对这起案件而面临经济负担，包括6000美元的律师费和保险费用，但Marinello反驳称，鉴于这幅画作的价值（6万至8万美元）及其非法性质，它根本无法出售)”可知，根据Marinello的说法，De Dozsa不能卖掉这幅画是因为根据法律它仍然是赃物。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years. However, Italian authorities and art lawyer Christopher Marinello argue the work remains stolen property. The painting was identified in 2017 when De Dozsa attempted to auction (拍卖) it, drawing special attention from Inter-police and Italian police databases. Due to the delays for some unstoppable reason, Italy missed the deadline to submit legal documents, leading British police to return the painting to De Dozsa in 2020.(De Dozsa拒绝归还这幅画作，他援引了《1980年时效法案》，该法案规定，如果赃物购买者是在不知情的情况下购买，并且持有该赃物超过六年，那么购买者将获得对该赃物的合法所有权。然而，意大利当局和艺术律师Christopher Marinello则认为，这幅画作仍属于被盗财产。2017年，当De Dozsa试图拍卖这幅画作时，它被识别出来，并因此引起了国际刑警和意大利警方数据库的特别关注。但由于某些不可抗拒的原因导致的延误，意大利错过了提交法律文件的截止日期，这使得英国警方在2020年将这幅画作归还给了De Dozsa)”可知，本文主要讲述了一幅16世纪威尼斯艺术家Antonio Solario创作的画作Madonna and Child在英国重新出现后引发的一场国际法律纠纷，因此最好的标题是D选项“A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stolen Masterpiece(16世纪被盗名作的法律之争)”。故选D。
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述微塑料污染对全球粮食供应、海洋生态系统及气候变化的严重影响，并呼吁国际社会采取行动。
【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Without urgent action, this crisis could push an additional 400 million people into hunger by 2043, worsening global food insecurity as the population is expected to reach 10 billion by 2058. (如果不采取紧急行动，到2043年，这场危机可能会使另外4亿人陷入饥饿，从而加剧全球粮食不安全状况，因为到2058年，全球人口预计将达到100亿。)”可知，研究人员警告如果不采取紧急行动，微塑料污染危机可能在未来增加全球饥饿风险。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。文中第一段提到“Researchers estimate that 4% to 14% of main crops — wheat and rice — are already lost due to widespread microplastic pollution (研究人员估计，由于广泛存在的微塑料污染，已经损失了4%到14%的主要作物——小麦和水稻)”以及第二段的句子“The study shows that land plants’ energy production drops by 12%, while ocean algae — vital to marine food chains — declines by 7%. Asia suffers the largest crop losses (54–177 million tons yearly), making up half the global total. Europe’s wheat and U.S. corn are also heavily affected, and annual seafood losses (1–24 million tons) threaten millions who rely on fish for protein. (该研究表明，陆地植物的能源产量下降了12%，而对海洋食物链至关重要的海洋藻类下降了7%。亚洲遭受的作物损失最大(每年5400 - 1.77亿吨。)，占全球总量的一半。欧洲的小麦和美国的玉米也受到严重影响，每年的海产品损失(1 - 2400万吨)威胁着数百万依赖鱼类获取蛋白质的人。)”列举了亚洲、欧洲、美国的农作物损失和海鲜损失等数据，这些统计数据旨在强调微塑料污染导致的环境恶化的严重性。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“As microplastics also threaten the ocean’s ability to absorb CO — through tiny ocean plants critical to fighting climate change (因为微塑料也威胁着海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力——通过对应对气候变化至关重要的微小海洋植物)”可知，微塑料通过威胁对对抗气候变化至关重要的微小海洋植物，间接削弱了海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而加剧气候变化。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到“Global cooperation remains weak. (全球合作依然乏力。)”以及“A strong international agreement on microplastics is crucial for both food security and environmental health. (就微塑料问题达成强有力的国际协议对粮食安全和环境健康都至关重要)”，结合最后一段的句子“With nations slow to act, time is running out to prevent irreparable harm to food supplies and the planet. (由于各国行动迟缓，防止粮食供应和地球受到无法弥补的损害的时间已经不多了。)”，强调了全球合作的薄弱以及达成国际协议的重要性和紧迫性，所以接下来作者很可能讨论如何加强国际合作来应对微塑料污染。故选D项。
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了社会对体脂的污名化现象及其背后的原因，同时强调了脂肪作为生物器官的重要性。
【详解】12．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Body fat is seen as an evil, and the way we treat people with larger bodies fills me with anger. We build tiny airplane seats and complain when people can’t fit in them; we watch as total strangers laugh at larger people about their health.(体脂被视为一种邪恶，而我们对待体型较大的人的方式让我充满了愤怒。我们制造微型飞机座椅，当人们坐不下时抱怨；我们看到完全陌生的人嘲笑大个子的健康状况)”可知，我们对脂肪污名化，stigmatize意为“污名化”，和discriminate(歧视)意思相近。故选C。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Instead, it is full of energy. Each cell contains a large drop of liquid filled with multichained molecules (多链分子), which it releases as fuel. The tissue’s ability to grow and shrink is a feature, not a bug. It is constantly swelling and draining, taking up energy and sending it out again multiple times per day. Thanks to fat, our biochemistry function smoothly.(相反，它充满了能量。每个细胞都含有一大滴充满多链分子的液体，作为燃料释放出来。组织的生长和收缩能力是一种特征，而不是缺陷。它不断地膨胀和排水，每天多次吸收能量并将其释放出来。多亏了脂肪，我们的生物化学功能才得以顺利运行)”可知，第三段主要讲的是脂肪在我们体内的功能。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thanks to fat, our biochemistry function smoothly.(多亏了脂肪，我们的生物化学功能才得以顺利运行)”和第四段“So why have we hated it so much and for so long (那么，为什么我们这么讨厌它，而且讨厌了这么长时间呢？)”以及“Also, diets and weight-loss drugs are marketed with health benefits. They sell the public on “losing weight,” without regard for which kinds of tissue are being lost, or how that loss might affect the rest of the body.(此外，饮食和减肥药在市场上也标榜对健康有益。他们向公众推销“减肥”，而不考虑失去的是哪种组织，也不考虑这种损失会对身体的其他部分产生什么影响)”可知，提到节食和减肥药是为了解释为什么脂肪被低估了。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thanks to fat, our biochemistry function smoothly.(多亏了脂肪，我们的生物化学功能才得以顺利运行)”和最后一段“If we approach fat with more appreciation, we might be able to develop more treatments that target the metabolic disease, rather than assuming less weight will solve all problems. We might learn more about how our own bodies use adipose tissue. We might gain a different view of larger bodies. We might do better for science and society, if we could only stomach a different view of fat.(如果我们对脂肪有更多的认识，我们可能能够开发出更多针对代谢疾病的治疗方法，而不是认为减轻体重就能解决所有问题。我们可能会更多地了解我们自己的身体如何使用脂肪组织。我们可能会对更大的物体有不同的看法。如果我们能接受对脂肪的不同看法，我们可能会对科学和社会做得更好)”可知，作者对脂肪的态度是感激的，故选D。
【答案】16．A 17．D 18．E 19．G 20．F
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了鸟类在黎明时分鸣唱的现象——黎明合唱，包括其目的、可能的原因，以及这一现象对科学家研究鸟类保护的作用，还鼓励人们去聆听这一自然之声。
【详解】16．前文“The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate(事实上，黎明合唱主要是由雌雄鸟类为寻找配偶而鸣唱组成的)”说明鸟类鸣唱是为了找配偶。后文“They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder, the better in regard to who is the most impressive mate(它们也需要相互竞争，在谁是最令人印象深刻的配偶方面，叫声越大越好)”强调了竞争中声音大的重要性。选项A“These birds sing louder to be heard(这些鸟为了让自己被听到而唱得更大声)”，承接前文鸟类找配偶的内容，引出后文竞争中声音大的话题，与上下文逻辑紧密。故选A。
17．后文“There’s a lot of debate, and it seems that there is no general agreement on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn(有很多争论，似乎对于为什么一切都发生在黎明并没有普遍的共识)”说明对于鸟类在黎明鸣唱的原因存在争议。选项D“But why birds sing in the early morning is still an open question(但是为什么鸟类在清晨鸣唱仍然是一个悬而未决的问题)”引出了后文关于鸟类在黎明鸣唱原因的讨论。故选D。
18．前文“One possibility is that weather conditions at dawn make it easier for birdsong to travel(一种可能性是黎明时的天气条件使鸟鸣更容易传播)说明天气条件对鸟鸣传播的影响。后文“Sound also transmits more clearly when humidity (湿度) is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance(当湿度较高时，声音也能更清晰地传播，这样鸟鸣的细节在远距离传播时不会损失太多)”进一步说明了湿度对声音传播的影响。选项E“Generally, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and denser(一般来说，当空气更凉爽、更稠密时，声音传播得更远)”具体说明了天气条件中空气的情况对声音传播的影响，与前后文关于天气条件影响鸟鸣传播的内容相呼应。故选E。
19．前文提到“Witnessing the dawn chorus can be a rewarding experience, and this phenomenon can also help scientists work on bird conservation(见证黎明合唱可以是一次有意义的经历，这一现象也可以帮助科学家进行鸟类保护工作)”说明黎明合唱对科学家研究鸟类保护的作用。选项G“Listening to birdsong is a window into the health of the species and the ecosystem(聆听鸟鸣是了解物种和生态系统健康状况的一个窗口)”进一步解释了黎明合唱对科学家研究的意义，即通过聆听鸟鸣可以了解物种和生态系统的健康状况，与前文内容相契合。故选G。
20．前文“Fortunately, anyone can listen to it. This spring, just wake up early, bring a cup of coffee, head out into nature, and stand still and listen(幸运的是，任何人都可以聆听它。今年春天，只要早起，带上一杯咖啡，走进大自然，静静地站着聆听)”鼓励人们去聆听黎明合唱。选项F“You don’t need to know how to identify bird calls or songs to just appreciate them(你不需要知道如何识别鸟鸣或歌曲就可以欣赏它们)”进一步说明人们不需要具备专业知识就可以欣赏黎明合唱，与前文鼓励人们聆听的内容相呼应。故选F。
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一群亲密的朋友看望以前的大学教授时，教授传授给他们一个道理：真正的满足不是来自外在的成就，而是来自内心的满足。
【详解】21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位教授曾是许多学生喜爱的导师，他对这次突然来访感到非常高兴。A. strict严格的；B. beloved受喜爱的；C. regular有规律的；D. humorous幽默的。根据上文“A group of close friends decided to visit their former university professor at his home”可推知，学生会去看望这位教授，说明他受学生喜爱。故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个快乐的聚会，不仅是教授，而且所有的朋友，因为他们中的一些人是久别重逢。A. peaceful平静的；B. funny有趣的；C. formal正式的；D. joyful令人高兴的。根据上文“was delighted”可知，这个聚会是令人高兴的。故选D。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们急切地分享着各自的生活近况——工作、家庭以及个人成长。A. eagerly急切地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. calmly平静地；D. briefly简短地。根据上文“some of them were meeting after a long time”和下文“shared life updates — careers, families, and personal growth”可知，他们久别重逢，在聚会上急切地分享生活近况。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们一边分享故事，一边反思自己的职业道路。A. academic学术的；B. vocational职业的；C. accidental意外的；D. economical经济实惠的。根据下文“Some became corporate leaders; others excelled in business”可知，他们反思自己的职业道路。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个人在不同的时刻实现了这些里程碑，但他们都结婚并建立了家庭。A. angles角度；B. costs成本；C. scales规模；D. moments时刻。根据上文“Though each achieved these milestones at different”可知，他们各自在不同的时刻取得了这些成就。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的谈话一开始很热情，后来逐渐转向抱怨工作压力和人际关系上的挑战。A. excitement兴奋；B. complaints抱怨；C. achievements成就；D. plans计划。根据下文“about work stress and relationship challenges”可知，后来他们的谈话转为了抱怨工作压力和人际关系上的挑战。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授注意到这一点，就去厨房拿了一盘杯子回来。A. returned回来；B. dealt处理；C. arrived到达；D. parted分开。根据上文“went to the kitchen”和下文“with a tray of cups”可知，教授去拿了杯子返回。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他递上咖啡，当每个人都端起杯子时，他说：“注意，你们都先拿了比较好的杯子。这很合理，但杯子并不能决定咖啡的质量。生活就是这样——工作和地位只是‘容器’，而真正的幸福是‘咖啡’，取决于你内心的平静。”A. replied回答；B. whispered低语；C. said说；D. protested抗议。根据下文“Notice that you all took the nicer cups first”可知，空后内容是教授所说的话。故选C。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cautious谨慎的；B. natural合理的；C. random随意的；D. decisive果断的。根据上文“you all took the nicer cups first”可知，所有人都选择先拿了比较好的杯子，这是合理的。故选B。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. results in导致；B. takes after与（某人）相像；C. thinks of想到；D. depends on取决于。根据上文“true happiness is ‘coffee’”和下文“your inner peace”可知，真正的幸福取决于你内心的平静。故选D。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位朋友问：“所以我们应该忽视压力？”A. pressures压力；B. opportunities机会；C. risks风险；D. duties责任。根据第6空后的“about work stress and relationship challenges”可知，他们开始抱怨工作的压力，所以此处他们问教授是否应该忽略压力。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不，但不要让它们偷走你的快乐。A. protect保护；B. steal偷；C. share分享；D. double加倍。根据上文“don’t let them”和下文“your joy”可知，此处是说不要让压力偷走你的快乐。故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最幸福的人并不是拥有一切的人，而是懂得珍惜并充分利用一切的人。A. made制造；B. took拿走；C. expected期待；D. experienced经历。根据下文“the best of everything”可知，最幸福的人懂得珍惜并充分利用一切，make the best of意为“充分利用”。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，朋友们带着全新的视角离开了。A. interest兴趣；B. perspective视角；C. energy精力；D. connection连接。根据下文“True fulfillment comes not from external achievements but from inner satisfaction”可知，那天来的朋友们都受到新的启发，带着新的视角离开了。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，每当压力威胁到他们的平静时，他们都会回想起这个经验教训。A. course课程；B. lecture讲座；C. project项目；D. lesson教训，经验。根据上文“True fulfillment comes not from external achievements but from inner satisfaction”可知，每当他们面临压力时，他们会回想起教授教给他们的这个经验教训。故选D。
【答案】36．creator 37．attracting 38．better 39．expressive 40．has been continuing/ has continued 41．a 42．to be recognized 43．but 44．how 45．to
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。美国网红IShowSpeed“甲亢哥”在中国之旅中通过马拉松式直播展现真实中国，以活力反应吸引全球观众，促进跨文化理解。
【详解】36．考查名词。句意：这位Z世代视频创作者拥有3700多万粉丝，他提供了一个未经处理的中国视角，吸引了全世界的观众。此处需用名词作主语，create的名词形式为creator，表“创作者”，为可数名词，符合语境，且由this可知，这里应用单数形式。故填creator。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这位Z世代视频创作者拥有3700多万粉丝，他提供了一个未经处理的中国视角，吸引了全世界的观众。此空考查非谓语，前面句子与attract为主动关系，再由语境可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填attracting。
38．考查副词比较级。句意：Darren Jason Watkins Jr.，更为人所知的是IShowSpeed或简称Speed，因其充沛的精力和富有表现力的反应而被中国网民昵称为“甲亢哥”。这里考查be better known as，为固定搭配，意为“更以……闻名”。故填better。
39．考查形容词。句意：Darren Jason Watkins Jr.，更为人所知的是IShowSpeed或简称Speed，因其充沛的精力和富有表现力的反应而被中国网民昵称为“甲亢哥”。修饰名词reactions用形容词，express的形容词形式为expressive，表“有表现力的”，符合语境。故填expressive。
40．考查时态。句意：在中国旅行期间，他持续制造走红时刻，吸引数百万观众。这里考查谓语动词，主语he与continue为主动关系，这里时态可用现在完成进行时，强调动作还在持续中，也可用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响。故填has been continuing或has continued。
41．考查冠词。句意：在旅途中， Speed探索了上海的一个相亲角，在长城上做了后空翻，并在少林寺学习了武术。此处表泛指“一个相亲角”，应用不定冠词，且matchmaking为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：他对高铁隧道中不间断的直播信号感到惊讶，并很高兴在街上被认出。这里考查be excited to do sth.，为固定结构，且recognize与主语he为被动关系，所以应用不定式的被动形式to be recognized。故填to be recognized。
43．考查固定搭配。句意：Speed的生动冒险不仅娱乐了人们，还重塑了许多人对中国的看法。这里考查not only...but (also)...，为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
44．考查宾语从句。句意：我完全被中国人的礼貌和善良震惊了。此空考查宾语从句，在从句中，修饰形容词polite and kind用副词how，表示“多么”。故填how。
45．考查固定搭配。句意：从中国和美国用户在中国社交应用程序上的文化交流，到Speed在中国各地不间断的直播，社交媒体正在通过直接的人际互动促进更深层次的跨文化理解。这里考查from...to...，为固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。
46．【答案】Dear David,
I’d like to propose organizing a water balloon fight during our Sports Carnival. It combines fun with physical activity and is refreshing for the campers to enjoy.
To carry it out, we will divide the participants into teams, ideally consisting of 5-10 members each. Each team starts with an equal number of water balloons. Players can only throw balloons at opponents within the designated area. Once a player is hit by a water balloon, they must exit the game. The last team with players remaining will be declared the winner.
I believe it will be a highlight of the carnival!
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你校将承办国际体育嘉年华活动(Sports Carnival)，现向学生征集趣味运动活动项目这一情况，给活动负责人David写一封邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：propose→ suggest
乐趣：fun→ delight
宣布：declare→ announce
指定的：designated→ specified
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：I’d like to propose organizing a water balloon fight during our Sports Carnival. It combines fun with physical activity and is refreshing for the campers to enjoy.
合并句：I’d like to propose organizing a water balloon fight during our Sports Carnival, which combines fun with physical activity and is refreshing for the campers to enjoy.
47．【答案】Paragraph 1:
I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye. It was a picture of the pumpkin we had carved together. Underneath, Brian had written, “My first real win with my brother. Even if we didn’t get first, it was a victory because we worked as a team.” Seeing those words, a wave of guilt washed over me. I remembered how I had selfishly taken all the money and lied to him. I realized how much I had let him down. I turned to Brian, ready to confess everything.
Paragraph 2:
“You actually knew and didn’t say anything ” I was shocked. Brian just smiled gently and said, “I always knew. But I also knew that you needed that game more than the money at that time. And I was proud of our teamwork, not the prize. I hoped one day you’d understand the real meaning of winning together.” His words made me feel even more ashamed. I apologized sincerely, vowing to make it up to him. From then on, I truly understood my role as his guardian angel and the importance of true brotherhood.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者与哥哥Brian之间的一次经历，展现了兄弟之间的情感变化以及作者对“真正胜利”的理解。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我正欣赏着这些照片，其中一张吸引了我的目光。”以及第二段首句内容““你其实早就知道却什么都没说？”我震惊地问道。”可知，第一段可描写作者发现自己的哥哥早就知道他们获得了二等奖，却没有揭穿作者。
②由第二段首句内容““你其实早就知道却什么都没说？”我震惊地问道。”可知，第二段可描写作者向哥哥道歉，也真正理解了兄弟情谊的重要性。
2.续写线索：作者欣赏着照片，突然发现了一张俩人一起雕刻南瓜的照片——在照片下，哥哥记下了他们一起雕刻南瓜这件事，并感叹虽然没有获得第一名，但是仍然是胜利——作者突然意识到哥哥早就知道了真相，却没有揭穿自己的谎言——作者准备向哥哥坦白，可是哥哥却温柔地自己为两人的团队合作感到自豪——作者非常愧疚，真诚地向哥哥道歉——从此之后，作者真正理解了兄弟情谊。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①说谎：lie/ tell a lie
②使……失望：let down/ disappoint
③道歉：apologize/ make an apology
情绪类
①对……感到自豪：be proud of/ take pride in
②真诚地：sincerely/ genuinely

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