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2025届江西省吉安市第一中学高考强化训练（六）英语试题
一、阅读理解
Here are some of the upcoming events of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) at Stanford University.
Privacy and the Power of Unknowing
Lowry Pressly
April 9 12:00 PM-1:15 PM
In an era when information is treated as a form of power and self-knowledge an unqualified good, the value of what remains unknown is often overlooked. By rethinking privacy beyond the framework of data protection, Pressly challenges us to reclaim the social, psychological and political importance of limits to knowledge — and to better appreciate the power of the unknown to sustain the human world as a meaningful and livable space.
Robotics in a Human-centered World: Innovations and Implications
Allison Okamura, Dorsa Sadigh and Karen Liu
April 1 8:30 AM-6:30 PM
The conference will give you a deeper understanding of how researchers, engineers, social scientists and policymakers can work together for the development of robotics. This year, HAI is also working with the Stanford Robotics Center to bring interactive robot demonstrations.
Synthetic (合成的) Data Sets: Use Cases for the Financial Industry
Erik Altman
May 7 12:00 PM-1:15 PM
International Business Machine (IBM) Synthetic Data Sets (SDS) have been created for use cases in the financial industry. One key focus is fraud (诈骗) and criminal activity, whose cost runs into the hundreds of billions of dollars per year or more. SDS labels many of these criminal activities, including credit card fraud, check fraud, and insurance claims fraud. SDS data provides an attractive foundation for training AI detection models.
Beyond Benchmarks: Building a Science of AI Measurement
Sanmi Koyejo
March 19 12:00 PM — 1:15 PM
The widespread use of AI systems in critical domains demands stricter approaches to evaluating their capabilities and safety. This talk presents a path toward a measurement framework that bridges established psychometric principles with modern AI evaluation needs. Through case studies in safety assessment and capability measurement, we show how this approach can enable more reliable, scalable and meaningful evaluation of AI systems.
1．When can participants enjoy interactive robot demonstrations
A．On March 19. B．On April 1. C．On April 9. D．On May 7.
2．Who are most likely to be attracted by Erik Altman’s speech
A．Those dreaming to be educators. B．Those interested in industrial robots.
C．Those caring about financial security. D．Those eager to improve public health.
3．What is the main purpose of Sanmi Koyejo’s lecture
A．To lower AI development costs. B．To speed up AI testing processes.
C．To compare old evaluation methods. D．To explore how to better assess AI systems.
Last summer at a bookstore, my son Henry was fascinated by the cover of the first novel from Peter Brown’s middle-grade trilogy (三部曲). He then finished it in just two days. “Dad, why did The Wild Robot have to be so sad ” He tearfully asked me.
The story is set on a remote island, where a robot named Roz learns to survive and communicate with the island’s creatures, and becomes part of the community. For my son, it was the first book he discovered on his own; the first to impact him with the mix of tragedy and joy.
When I finished the book, I knew why Henry loved it. In our book club discussion, he described how Brown’s pictures and words had made the story feel real. When talking about its final scenes, where Roz leaves to find repairs for her injured body, Henry cried again. His previous reading experiences had cheerful, “happily-ever-after” endings, but this book introduced him to the beauty of complex emotions. I tried to explain how sadness can enhance the meaning of happy moments, but failed to fully convince him.
Once our discussion ended, Henry requested to buy The Wild Robot Escapes and instantly fell in love with it. He read the first two books repeatedly, so you can imagine his excitement when we finally got a copy of The Wild Robot Protects.
We both agree it is worth the wait. Roz leaves the island again to stop an underwater threat: “the poison tide.” Brown expertly balances between breathtaking adventure and unsettling ideas — not just happiness and sadness, but also, given the climate-change undercurrents, hope and despair.
And, here’s something special about Roz: her physical clumsiness and confusion about life, conveyed through her expressive eyes and downturned mouth. Her story reflects the challenges of surviving in a strange place, much like a child’s journey. Readers love Roz. They learn from her. Even better, they learn alongside her. Roz gave Henry the power to push through the first book’s sad parts, getting him ready to appreciate that, sometimes, sadness isn’t a bad thing to feel.
4．What made the author read The Wild Robot
A．Its tragic ending.
B．Its attractive cover.
C．Henry’s emotional response to it.
D．Henry’s tearful recommendation.
5．How was the trilogy different from books Henry had read
A．It referred to the topic of robots.
B．It expressed complicated feelings.
C．It prevented an underwater threat.
D．It described the scene of an island.
6．What makes Roz in the trilogy special
A．Her robotic power.
B．Her adventurous spirit.
C．Her strange expressions.
D．Her struggling experiences.
7．What does the author want to convey to us
A．Misfortune inspires great literary works.
B．Robot stories work like magic on children.
C．Book discussions help kids survive tragedies.
D．Reading tragedies facilitates personal growth.
Northwestern University engineers have developed a pacemaker (心脏起搏器) so tiny that it is particularly well-suited to the hearts of newborn babies.
Smaller than a single grain of rice, the pacemaker is paired with a small, soft, flexible, wireless,wearable device attached to a patient’s chest to control pacing. When the wearable device detects an irregular heartbeat, it automatically shines a light pulse to activate the pacemaker. These short pulses — which pass through the patient’s skin, breastbone and muscles — control the pacing.
Designed for patients who need temporary pacing, the pacemaker dissolves (溶解) after it’s no longer needed, bypassing the need for surgical removal. This work builds on a previous partnership between Rogers and Efimov, in which they developed the first dissolvable device for temporary pacing. Traditionally, physicians have to remove temporary pacemakers. Potential complications include infection, torn or damaged tissues, and bleeding. It is said that Neil Armstrong died from internal bleeding when a temporary pacemaker was removed from his heart. In response to this clinical need, Rogers, Efimov and their teams developed their dissolvable pacemaker.
To make the pacemaker smaller, the researchers reimagined how to power it. Rather than requiring an external power source, the new pacemaker operates through the action of simple battery that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy. To be specific, the pacemaker uses two different metals as electrodes (电极) to deliver electrical pulses to the heart. When in contact with surrounding biofluids, the electrodes form a battery. The resulting chemical reactions cause the electrical current to flow to stimulate the heart.
Due to its small size, the pacemaker can be integrated with almost any implantable device. The technology’s versatility opens a broad range of other possibilities for use in bioelectronic medicines,including helping nerves and bones heal, treating wounds and blocking pain.
8．What does the wearable device serve as according to paragraph 2
A．A muscle stimulator. B．A pacemaker controller.
C．A light pulse receiver. D．A skin condition detector.
9．What does the author want to show by mentioning Neil Armstrong
A．The danger of internal bleeding.
B．The process of removing damaged tissues.
C．The function of dissolvable temporary pacemakers.
D．The necessity of improving traditional pacemakers.
10．What do we know about the battery of the new pacemaker
A．It is fixed on the chest.
B．It stores electricity for later use.
C．It generates power outside the body.
D．It includes biofluids in its operation.
11．What does the underlined word “versatility” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Sensitivity. B．Affordability. C．Flexibility. D．Sustainability.
Fooled by Randomness is a famous book in Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s landmark Incerto series, an investigation of luck, uncertainty, probability, human error, risk, and decision-making in a world we don’t understand.
Now in a striking new hardcover edition, Fooled by Randomness is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb — seasoned trader, renowned risk expert, knowledgeable scholar, and New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan — has written a modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck and skill.
This book is about luck — or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop of the most notable forum in which luck is mistaken for skill — the world of trading — Fooled by Randomness provides captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives.
The book is populated with a number of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own irrational foolishness.
However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed — the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time — he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their mentor’s (导师) insights and methods. But no one can copy what is obtained by chance.
Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan (冒充内行的人) from the genuine innovator Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the unpredictability of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.
12．What is Fooled by Randomness mainly about
A．The success of modern traders.
B．The importance of skill in trading.
C．The role of luck in life and business.
D．The impact of human errors on decision-making.
13．What’s the purpose of mentioning the characters in paragraph 4
A．To highlight the significance of their achievements.
B．To emphasize their success in the trading world.
C．To illustrate how foolishness always leads to failure.
D．To show examples of those who understood randomness.
14．What does “lucky fool” in paragraph 5 really refer to
A．A trader known for their skill and achievements.
B．A scholar famous for their insights and methods.
C．Someone who owes their success to skill, ignoring luck.
D．A person who foolishly undervalues hard work and devotion.
15．According to the passage, what mistake do people often make
A．They overestimate their personal abilities.
B．They fail to see how chance affects their success.
C．They depend heavily on guidance from mentors.
D．They overlook significant events in daily life.
Are you as good at things as you think you are How good are you at managing money Are you better than average at grammar Psychological research suggests that we’re not very good at evaluating ourselves accurately. 16 . This phenomenon is called the Dunning-Kruger effect.
17 . On average, people tend to rate themselves better than most in health, leadership skills, and beyond. What’s particularly interesting is that those with the least ability often overrate their skills to the greatest extent.
When psychologists Dunning and Kruger first described the effect in 1999, they argued that people lacking knowledge and skill in particular areas suffer a double curse (祸根). They make mistakes and reach poor decisions. 18 In other words, poor performers lack the knowledge needed to recognize how badly they’re doing.
The effect shows people usually do admit their weaknesses once they can spot them. This may be why people with average knowledge or skill often have less confidence in their abilities. 19
Meanwhile, experts tend to be aware of just how knowledgeable they are. But they often make a different mistake: they assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too. 20 When they’re unskilled, they can’t see their own faults. When they’re extremely competent, they don’t perceive how unusual their abilities are.
So what can we do First, ask for feedback from others. Second, keep learning. The more knowledgeable we become, the less likely we are to have invisible holes in our competence.
A．Actually, we often overestimate our own abilities.
B．They all have incompetence they don’t recognize.
C．In short, people are often caught in inaccurate self-perception.
D．They know enough to know that there’s a lot they don’t know.
E．This effect explains why people display imaginary superiority.
F．Knowing how competent we are is more than a self-confidence boost.
G．But those knowledge gaps also prevent them from catching their errors.
二、完形填空
Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 21 on the earth.
So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two 22 attitudes. I’ d be 23 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 24 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I told her not to 25 the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else.
I was once again humbled into a 26 I’ve learned time and time again: Mama knows best. Erie’s forecast that morning was looking 27 , but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p. m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 28 orange glow.
The eclipse 29 at 3:16 p. m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle. The sunset-like 30 glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the sun 31 slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance. It felt like bearing 32 to something close to a miracle.
Four minutes later, the eclipse 33 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds 34 violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe seems to have 35 a promise to my mother.
21．A．analysts B．observers C．investigators D．astronauts
22．A．consistent B．conflicting C．amusing D．agreeable
23．A．optimistic B．confused C．pessimistic D．curious
24．A．win B．lose C．delay D．fail
25．A．feed on B．count on C．take on D．settle on
26．A．plan B．skill C．lesson D．practice
27．A．usual B．average C．beautiful D．terrible
28．A．fierce B．weak C．hazy D．dim
29．A．disappeared B．exploded C．died D．struck
30．A．shapes B．sizes C．colors D．scenes
31．A．in B．on C．with D．for
32．A．tolerance B．relation C．witness D．reference
33．A．continued B．progressed C．ticked D．ended
34．A．quit B．returned C．left D．faded
35．A．made good on B．lost focus on C．took account of D．kept track of
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever noticed that many athletes are covered in red round marks These marks may not be 36 (injury), but a result of an ancient healing practice called cupping therapy (拔罐疗法)。
Cupping therapy is a traditional Chinese medicine practice that has existed for thousands of years. A 37 (universe) belief is that it can enhance blood flow and promote healing. The procedure begins with heating the air inside a cup. Once the cup is placed on the skin, cooling air inside creates 38 near-vacuum condition, pulling the skin and underlying tissues upward. This results in increased blood flow to the treated area, 39 red or purple marks may appear and last for several days.
Athletes are always looking for ways to improve 40 (perform) and speed up recovery. Cupping therapy has become a go-to solution for many, 41 (provide) several key benefits. It helps relieve muscle soreness and stiffness, because the increased blood flow delivers more oxygen and nutrients 42 the muscles. Athletes often use cupping therapy both to ease their pain and reduce inflammation especially when recovering from intense training.
Cupping therapy gained significant attention during the 2016 Olympics. Since then, the practice 43 (adopt) worldwide. Its popularity continues to grow as more athletes experience its benefits firsthand. While the scientific community remains 44 (divide) on its effectiveness, the evidence from top athletes speaks volumes. 45 it’s for pain relief, muscle recovery, or overall well-being, cupping therapy is making its mark in the world of sports.
四、书信写作
46．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的朋友Jim打算暑假到中国旅游，他对中国的科技发展很感兴趣，发来邮件请你推荐一座能深度体验中国最新科技发展的城市。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐城市；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Liam Carter was not your average 15-year-old. While most of his fellows at Maplewood Heights were crazy about the latest rock bands and popular social media trends, Liam spent his free time watching documentaries about human anatomy (解剖学) and studying first aid techniques. He loved learning about the human body, how it worked, and, more importantly, how to help it recover.
His fascination, however, set him apart. Many of the other teens in the neighborhood thought he was strange and didn’t invite him to their hangouts. Liam often overheard them laughing about his interests and calling him“Doctor Carter”. It really hurt Liam. He couldn’t help but wonder if there was something wrong with him. Why couldn’t he just enjoy the same things as everyone else
One summer evening, Liam was in his room, rewatching a documentary on emergency medical responses, when he heard shouting from his neighbor’s house. Curious, he ran outside and saw Mrs. Thompson, the elderly woman who lived next door, crying for help. Her 10-year-old grandson, Ethan, had collapsed in the yard while playing soccer.
Liam’s heart pounded as he ran over. The ambulance hadn’t arrived yet and Ethan was lying on the ground, unconscious (无意识的) and not breathing. Mrs. Thompson was panicked, shaking him and yelling his name, but Ethan didn’t respond.
“Step back, I know what to do!” Liam said, his voice surprisingly steady despite the chaos.
Mrs. Thompson hesitated but moved aside, tears streaming down her face. Liam knelt beside Ethan, quickly assessing the situation. From what he could tell, Ethan was likely experiencing a heart emergency— something Liam had seen demonstrated in one of his documentaries.
Without wasting a moment, Liam began performing CPR (心肺复苏). He placed his hands firmly on Ethan’s chest and started chest compressions (按压), counting aloud to keep the rhythm steady. His training came flooding back to him: 30 compressions followed by two rescue breaths.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Neighbors began gathering, watching in silence as Liam worked tirelessly. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Liam was asked to lead a CPR workshop for the community’s youth. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个斯坦福大学以人为中心的人工智能活动。
【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Robotics in a Human-centered World: Innovations and Implications部分中“This year, HAI is also working with the Stanford Robotics Center to bring interactive robot demonstrations.(今年，HAI还将与斯坦福机器人中心合作，带来交互式机器人演示)”可知，该活动对应的日期为April 1 8:30 AM-6:30 PM(4月1日上午8:30-下午6:30)，即参与者可以在四月一日享受交互式机器人演示。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据Synthetic (合成的) Data Sets: Use Cases for the Financial Industry部分中“One key focus is fraud (诈骗) and criminal activity, whose cost runs into the hundreds of billions of dollars per year or more. SDS labels many of these criminal activities, including credit card fraud, check fraud, and insurance claims fraud. SDS data provides an attractive foundation for training AI detection models.(一个关键的焦点是诈骗和犯罪活动，其成本每年高达数千亿美元或更多。SDS标记了许多此类犯罪活动，包括信用卡欺诈、支票欺诈和保险索赔欺诈。SDS数据为训练AI检测模型提供了有吸引力的基础)”可知，Erik Altman的演讲聚焦金融行业的合成数据集与诈骗检测，关心金融安全的人最可能被吸引。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据Beyond Benchmarks: Building a Science of AI Measurement部分中“This talk presents a path toward a measurement framework that bridges established psychometric principles with modern AI evaluation needs. Through case studies... we show how this approach can enable more reliable, scalable and meaningful evaluation of AI systems.(本次演讲提出了一条通往测量框架的道路，该框架将既定的心理测量原理与现代人工智能评估需求联系起来。通过安全评估和能力测量的案例研究，我们展示了这种方法如何能够对人工智能系统进行更可靠、可扩展和有意义的评估)”可知，Sanmi Koyejo的演讲主要目的是探索如何更好地评估AI系统。故选D。
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的儿子阅读了《荒岛机器人》后，被故事内容所打动。于是作者也阅读了这本书，并感悟到悲伤如何能增强快乐时刻的意义以及悲伤也可以让人成长。
【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“‘Dad, why did The Wild Robot have to be so sad ’ He tearfully asked me.(‘爸爸，为什么《荒野机器人》读起来这么悲伤？’他含泪问我)”以及第三段“When I finished the book, I knew why Henry loved it.(当我读完这本书的时候，我知道Henry为什么喜欢它了)”可知，Henry对这本书的情绪反应促使作者阅读《荒野机器人》。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“His previous reading experiences had cheerful, ‘happily-ever-after’ endings, but this book introduced him to the beauty of complex emotions.(他以前的阅读经历都是愉快的，‘从此幸福快乐’的结局，但这本书让他认识到复杂情感的美)”可知，三部曲和Henry以前读的书的不同之处在于它表达了复杂的情感，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And, here’s something special about Roz: her physical clumsiness and confusion about life, conveyed through her expressive eyes and downturned mouth. Her story reflects the challenges of surviving in a strange place, much like a child’s journey.(而且，Roz有一些特别之处：她身体上的笨拙和对生活的困惑，通过她富有表现力的眼睛和下垂的嘴传达出来。她的故事反映了在一个陌生的地方生存的挑战，就像一个孩子的旅程)”可知，三部曲中Roz的特别之处在于她的奋斗经历，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Roz gave Henry the power to push through the first book’s sad parts, getting him ready to appreciate that, sometimes, sadness isn’t a bad thing to feel.(Roz给了Henry读完第一本书悲伤部分的力量，让他准备好去欣赏，有时候，悲伤并不是一件坏事)”并结合文章主要讲述了作者的儿子阅读了一本书《荒野机器人》后，被故事内容所打动。于是作者也阅读了这本书，并感悟到悲伤如何能增强快乐时刻的意义以及悲伤也可以让人成长可推知，作者想表达的是阅读悲剧有助于个人成长。故选D。
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．D 11．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型可溶解微型心脏起搏器的结构、工作原理及其在医疗中的广泛应用前景。
【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Smaller than a single grain of rice, the pacemaker is paired with a small, soft, flexible, wireless,wearable device attached to a patient’s chest to control pacing. When the wearable device detects an irregular heartbeat, it automatically shines a light pulse to activate the pacemaker. These short pulses — which pass through the patient’s skin, breastbone and muscles — control the pacing. (这种心脏起搏器比一粒大米还小，它与一个小巧、柔软、灵活的无线可穿戴设备配对，该设备附着在病人的胸部以控制心率。当这个可穿戴设备检测到不规则的心跳时，它会自动发出光脉冲来激活心脏起搏器。这些短暂的脉冲——它们会穿过病人的皮肤、胸骨和肌肉——控制着心率)”可知，可穿戴设备的作用是控制心脏起搏器，即作为心脏起搏器的控制器。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Traditionally, physicians have to remove temporary pacemakers. Potential complications include infection, torn or damaged tissues, and bleeding. It is said that Neil Armstrong died from internal bleeding when a temporary pacemaker was removed from his heart. In response to this clinical need, Rogers, Efimov and their teams developed their dissolvable pacemaker. (传统上，医生必须移除临时心脏起搏器。潜在的并发症包括感染、组织撕裂或损伤以及出血。据说尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在从心脏中移除临时心脏起搏器时死于内出血。为了满足这一临床需求，罗杰斯、埃菲莫夫和他们的团队开发了可溶解的心脏起搏器)”可推知，作者提到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是为了说明传统心脏起搏器移除时存在危险，进而强调改进传统心脏起搏器的必要性，从而引出他们开发的可溶解心脏起搏器。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“To make the pacemaker smaller, the researchers reimagined how to power it. Rather than requiring an external power source, the new pacemaker operates through the action of simple battery that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy. To be specific, the pacemaker uses two different metals as electrodes (电极) to deliver electrical pulses to the heart. When in contact with surrounding biofluids, the electrodes form a battery. The resulting chemical reactions cause the electrical current to flow to stimulate the heart. (为了使心脏起搏器更小，研究人员重新构思了如何为其供电。新的心脏起搏器不需要外部电源，而是通过一个将化学能转化为电能的简单电池来工作。具体来说，心脏起搏器使用两种不同的金属作为电极，向心脏输送电脉冲。当与周围的生物流体接触时，电极会形成一个电池。由此产生的化学反应使电流流动以刺激心脏)”可知，新心脏起搏器的电池在运行过程中包含了生物流体。故选D。
11．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Due to its small size, the pacemaker can be integrated with almost any implantable device. The technology’s versatility opens a broad range of other possibilities for use in bioelectronic medicines, including helping nerves and bones heal, treating wounds and blocking pain. (由于其体积小，心脏起搏器可以与几乎任何可植入设备集成。这项技术的versatility为在生物电子医学中的使用开辟了广泛的其他可能性，包括帮助神经和骨骼愈合、治疗伤口和阻断疼痛)”可知，心脏起搏器体积小，能与多种可植入设备集成，为生物电子医学带来了多种用途，说明这项技术具有很强的适应性、灵活性。所以“versatility”的意思是“灵活性”，与C选项“Flexibility. (灵活性)”意思相符。故选C。
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布的著作《随机漫步的傻瓜》的主要内容，该书探讨了运气、不确定性、概率、人为错误、风险和在我们不理解的世界中做决策的问题。
【解析】12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This book is about luck — or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. (这本书是关于运气的——或者更准确地说，是关于我们如何在生活和商业中感知和应对运气的。)”可知，《随机漫步的傻瓜》主要是关于运气在生活和商业中的作用。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The book is populated with a number of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own irrational foolishness. (书中塑造了许多人物，他们中的一些人以自己的方式理解了偶然性的意义：棒球传奇人物尤吉·贝拉；知识哲学家卡尔·波普尔；现代金融家乔治·索罗斯；以及希腊航行者奥德修斯。我们还会遇到虚构的尼禄，他似乎明白随机性在他职业生活中的作用，但却成为自己非理性愚蠢的受害者。)”可知，第四段提到的人物都理解了随机性或偶然性的意义，作者列举这些人物是为了举例说明那些理解随机性的人。故选D项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第五段“However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed — the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time — he embodies the “survival of the least fit. (然而，最容易被认出的人物却没有名字——那个恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点的幸运傻瓜——他体现了“最不适应者的生存”。)”可知，“lucky fool”指的是那些恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点，即靠运气取得成功的人，而不是靠技能或努力。再结合后文“Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their mentor’s (导师) insights and methods. But no one can copy what is obtained by chance. (这样的人会吸引忠实的追随者，他们相信导师的见解和方法。但没有人能复制靠机会获得的东西。)”可知，“lucky fool”是指将成功归因于自身技能而忽视运气成分，实则是靠运气获得成功的人。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives. (作者以娱乐性的叙事风格写作，探讨了与我们低估偶然事件对我们生活影响相关的重大智力问题。)”和最后一段“Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan (冒充内行的人) from the genuine innovator Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the unpredictability of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.(我们能区分幸运的冒充内行的人和真正的创新者吗？我们必须总是试图在随机事件中发现不存在的信息吗？也许我们无法防范命运女神的不可预测性，但读完《随机漫步的傻瓜》后，我们可以做更好一点的准备。)”可推知，人们常常犯的错误是没有看到偶然性(即机会或运气)对他们成功的影响，即忽视了运气的作用。故选B项。
【答案】16．A 17．E 18．G 19．D 20．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了邓宁—克鲁格效应。
【详解】16．根据上文“Psychological research suggests that we’re not very good at evaluating ourselves accurately.(心理学研究表明，我们并不擅长准确地评估自己)”可知，选项承接上文说明我们是怎么评估自己的。故A选项“事实上，我们经常高估自己的能力”切题。故选A项。
17．根据上文“This phenomenon is called the Dunning-Kruger effect.(这种现象被称为邓宁-克鲁格效应)”可知，选项承接上文具体解释邓宁-克鲁格效应的含义。故E选项 “这种效应解释了为什么人们会表现出想象中的优越感”切题。故选E项。
18．根据上文“When psychologists Dunning and Kruger first described the effect in 1999, they argued that people lacking knowledge and skill in particular areas suffer a double curse (祸根). They make mistakes and reach poor decisions.(当心理学家邓宁和克鲁格在1999年首次描述这种效应时，他们认为在特定领域缺乏知识和技能的人会遭受双重祸根。 他们会犯错误，做出糟糕的决定”根据下文“In other words, poor performers lack the knowledge needed to recognize how badly they’re doing.(换句话说，表现不佳的人缺乏必要的知识来认识到他们做得有多糟糕)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且引起下文，说明知识差距和发现错误的关系。故G选项“但这些知识差距也使他们无法发现自己的错误”切题。故选G项。
19．根据上文“The effect shows people usually do admit their weaknesses once they can spot them. This may be why people with average knowledge or skill often have less confidence in their abilities.(结果表明，一旦发现自己的弱点，人们通常会承认。这可能就是为什么知识或技能一般的人往往对自己的能力缺乏信心)”可知，选项承接上文解释其原因。故D选项“他们知道有很多东西是他们不知道的”切题。故选D项。
20．根据上文“But they often make a different mistake: they assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.(但他们经常犯一个不同的错误：他们认为其他人也都很有见识)”可知，选项承接总结上文。故C选项“简而言之，人们经常陷入不准确的自我认知”切题。故选C项。
【答案】
21．B 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者记叙了与妈妈一起去看日全食的经历，感悟到妈妈总是对的，宇宙似乎对妈妈许下了承诺。
【解析】21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经看过太多出错的情况，知道我们在地球上观察到的天体事件永远不会真正如我们所愿。A. analysts分析员；B. observers观察者；C. investigators调查员；D. astronauts宇航员。根据前文“Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything.”可知，作者作为太空记者已经看过太多出错的情况，也就是作为“观察者”的经历，所以作者知道我们在地球上永远不能完全保证看到天体事件。故选B项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我和妈妈决定开车去宾夕法尼亚州伊利市观看今年4月8日的日全食时，我知道这将是一次两种态度冲突的旅行。A. consistent一致的；B. conflicting冲突的；C. amusing有趣的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“I’ d be 21 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 22 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”可知，对于观看日全食这件事，我和妈妈有不一样的看法，所以是两种态度“冲突”的旅行。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会对天气持悲观态度，并相信我们会成为世界随机性的受害者，而我妈妈则坚信秩序会获胜，天空会让我们第一次瞥见这样的日食。A. optimistic乐观的；B. confused困惑的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world”可知，作者认为会成为主宰世界的随机性的受害者，所以是持“悲观”态度。故选C项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会对天气持悲观态度，并相信我们会成为世界随机性的受害者，而我妈妈则坚信秩序会获胜，天空会让我们第一次目睹这样的日食。A. win获胜；B. lose失去；C. delay延迟；D. fail失败。根据后文“I’ d be ________ about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would”可知，作者和母亲的观点是相悖的，作者认为无序统治着世界，由此可推断，妈妈认为我们会看到日食，所以是认为秩序会“获胜”。故选A项。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我告诉她不要指望宇宙能看到这个；她告诉我她不会依赖其他任何东西。A. feed on以……为食；B. count on指望；C. take on承担；D. settle on决定。根据前文“I’ d be 23 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world”可知，我对天气持悲观态度，那么我认为不能“指望”宇宙（即天气）来实现这件事。故选B项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我再次被谦卑地陷入了一个我一再学到的教训上：妈妈最了解。A. plan计划；B. skill技能；C. lesson教训；D. practice练习。根据前文“I’ d be 24 about the weather and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith that order would 25 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”可知，我会对天气持悲观态度，而我妈妈则坚信天空会让我们第一次目睹这样的日食，以及文章最后的“the universe seems to have 26 a promise to my mother.”妈妈是对的，我们真的看到了日食，可知我从这件事学到了一个“教训”，即“Mama knows best”妈妈最了解。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天早上，伊利的天气预报看起来很糟糕，但到下午2点多一点，太阳和月亮第一次接触时，城市海湾上空的云层开始散去。A. usual通常的；B. average平均的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. terrible可怕的，糟糕的。根据后文“but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a little after 2 p. m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear”可知，但是下午两点多一点的时候，城市海湾上空的云层开始散去，but表转折，所以最初天气预报很“糟糕”。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：日食镜头下的淡黄色太阳迅速达到顶峰，聚集成炽烈的橙色光芒。A. fierce猛烈的；B. weak虚弱的；C. hazy模糊的；D. dim暗淡的。根据前文的“concentrating into”可知，太阳迅速集中成“炽烈的”黄色光芒。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日食在下午3点16分开始出现。A. disappeared消失；B. exploded爆炸；C. died结束；D. struck发生。根据后文“A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle.”可知，一道薄薄的白光从一个干净的黑色圆圈边缘射出，那么，就是日食开始“发生”了。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：远处，像日落一样的颜色发光并绽放。A. shapes形状；B. sizes尺寸；C. colors颜色；D. scenes场景。根据前文“A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle”可知，日食发生时，天空的颜色会发生变化，可能会现出“像日落一样的颜色”。故选C项。
31．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我可以看到太阳两侧伸出的日珥，呈现出微微发亮的红色和粉色。A. in在……里，呈现……颜色；B. on在……上；C. with具有；D. for为了。根据“solar prominences (日珥) sticking out from the sides of the sun”可知，日珥是从太阳两侧伸出的，所以是“呈现”微微发亮的红色和粉红色。in后面可以加颜色。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这感觉就像是目睹了接近奇迹的事情。A. tolerance容忍；B. relation关系；C. witness目击者，见证；D. reference参考。根据前文“The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a 27 orange glow.”可知，前文描述了日食的壮观景象，所以作者觉得像是在“见证”奇迹。bear witness to是一个固定搭配，表示见证。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四分钟后，日食结束了。A. continued继续；B. progressed进步；C. ticked发出滴答声；D. ended结束。根据前文“The eclipse ____ at 3:16 p. m.”可知，前文提到日食开始的时间，所以此处指四分钟后，日食结束了。故选D项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：太阳又亮了起来。云猛烈回归，吞没了月亮、太阳和灰色的天空。A. quit停止；B. returned返回；C. left离开；D. faded褪色，逐渐消失。根据前文“the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear.”可知，前面说云层散尽，现在云层又“回来了”形成前后对比。故选B项。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在不可思议的四分钟里，宇宙似乎对我妈妈履行了承诺。A. made good on履行；B. lost focus on失去焦点；C. took account of考虑到；D. kept track of跟踪。根据前文“Mama knows best.”以及“while my mom would have strong faith that order would 28 and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives.”可知，这次妈妈的话又应验了，所以此处指宇宙似乎对妈妈“履行”了承诺。故选A项。
【答案】36．injuries 37．universal 38．a 39．where 40．
performance 41．providing 42．to 43．has been adopted 44．divided 45．Whether
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拔罐疗法这一传统中医实践，包括其历史、原理、对运动员的益处以及在体育界的普及情况。
【详解】36．考查名词。句意：这些痕迹可能不是伤痕，而是一种叫做拔罐疗法的古老疗法的结果。根据“These marks”可知，此处指这些痕迹可能不是伤痕，应用名词injury的复数形式injuries。故填injuries。
37．考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为它可以促进血液循环，促进愈合。修饰名词belief应用形容词universal，作定语。故填universal。
38．考查冠词。句意：一旦杯子被放在皮肤上，内部冷却的空气就会产生接近真空的条件，将皮肤和下面的组织向上拉。condition为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且near-vacuum发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
39．考查定语从句。句意：这会导致治疗区域的血流量增加，可能会出现红色或紫色的痕迹，并持续数天。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词area在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
40．考查名词。句意：运动员们总是在寻找提高表现和加速恢复的方法。动词improve后接名词performance作宾语，不可数。故填performance。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：拔罐疗法已经成为许多人的首选解决方案，提供了几个关键的好处。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，cupping therapy和provide为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填providing。
42．考查介词。句意：它有助于缓解肌肉酸痛和僵硬，因为增加的血液流动为肌肉输送了更多的氧气和营养。deliver sth. to...为固定短语，意为“把某物运送到……”。故填to。
43．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：从那以后，这种做法在世界各地得到了采用。根据时间状语Since then可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语the practice和adopt为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been adopted。
44．考查形容词。句意：虽然科学界对其有效性仍存在分歧，但顶级运动员的证据足以说明问题。remain为系动词，后面需加形容词divided作表语。故填divided。
45．考查状语从句。句意：无论是为了缓解疼痛、肌肉恢复还是整体健康，拔罐疗法都在体育界留下了自己的印记。whether...or...为固定用法，意为“无论是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。
46．【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled to hear you’re planning a trip to China this summer! Based on your interest in cutting-edge technology, I highly recommend Shenzhen as your top destination.
Shenzhen is China’s “Silicon Valley” and a global center for innovation. First, it’s home to tech giants like Huawei, Tencent, and DJI, where you can visit exhibition halls to witness futuristic inventions, from AI robots to 5G applications. Second, don’t miss the Shenzhen Science Museum, where interactive exhibits let you experience VR space exploration or program a mini robot! Besides, Shenzhen perfectly combines technology with daily life. You’ll even see drones delivering packages and cashless payments everywhere!
Wish you an inspiring journey!
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以个人名义向朋友推荐一座能深度体验中国最新科技发展的城市，并解释推荐理由及表达美好祝愿。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
兴奋的：thrilled → excited
旅行：trip → tour
此外：besides → moreover
鼓舞人心的：inspiring → encouraging
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Based on your interest in cutting-edge technology, I highly recommend Shenzhen as your top destination.
拓展句：Since you are interested in cutting-edge technology, I highly recommend Shenzhen as your top destination.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m thrilled to hear you’re planning a trip to China this summer! (运用了省略that的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Second, don’t miss the Shenzhen Science Museum, where interactive exhibits let you experience VR space exploration or program a mini robot! (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句)
47．【答案】 Neighbors began gathering, watching in silence as Liam worked tirelessly. No one dared to speak for fear that Liam would be disturbed. One, two...with Liam’s rhythmic compressions, two minutes passed quickly. Liam’s T-shirt was drenched in sweat and everyone looked nervous and anxious. Suddenly, with a faint breath coming from his mouth, Ethan came to life finally. Loud cheers broke out from the crowd and Mrs. Thompson hugged Liam tightly, keeping thanking him constantly. Just then, the ambulance arrived. After examing Ethan’s body, the doctor said that it was Liam’s timely first aid that saved Ethan’s life successfully. Soon, Liam became a hero in the community.
Liam was asked to lead a CPR workshop for the community’s youth. He had hardly led his peers to watch documentaries about human anotomy, study first aid techniques and practice performing CPR together when he accepted the task. Gradually, impressed by Liam’s enthusiasm, patience and wealth of knowledge, his peers came to regard him as a good friend, inviting him to their hangouts sometimes. Feeling more motivated, Liam began to devote himself to studying medicine that he loved fully.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了15岁的Liam不像同龄人那样喜欢摇滚乐队和流行的社交媒体，他总是在业余时间观看关于解剖学的纪录片，研究急救技术，因此受到了同龄人的嘲笑和孤立，为此Liam感到困惑。一个夏天的晚上，社区里一个10岁的男孩在踢足球时突然昏倒失去呼吸，是Liam及时果断地采取了心肺复苏术挽救了他的生命。因此，Liam被要求为社区的年轻人组办一个心肺复苏术学习班，而Liam通过自己的热情、耐心和博学逐渐得到了大家的认可和接受，他也更加努力地投入到了自己热爱的医学学习中去。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“邻居们开始聚集在一起，默默地看着Liam不知疲倦地工作。”可知，第一段可描写Liam成功的救人过程。
②由第二段首句内容“Liam被要求为社区的年轻人组办一个心肺复苏术学习班。”可知，第二段可描写学习班的学习过程和年轻人对Liam的认可和接受，Liam继续自己热爱的医学学习。
2. 续写线索：邻居聚集——Liam和大家在救人过程中的状态——苏醒——欢呼——救护车到达——医生的赞许——社区榜样——组办学习班——带领学习——同伴认可——成为朋友——继续钻研
3. 词汇激活：
行为类：
①拥抱：hug/embrace
②打扰: disturb/bother
③苏醒：come to life/revive
④致力于：devote oneself to/be committed to
情绪类：
①担忧的：anxious/worried
②受到鼓舞的：motivated/inspired
【点睛】【高分句型1】After examing Ethan’s body, the doctor said that it was Liam’s timely first aid that saved Ethan’s life successfully.（运用了以连接词that引导的宾语从句和强调句。）
【高分句型2】He had hardly led his peers to watch documentaries about human anotomy, study first aid techniques and practice performing CPR together when he accepted the task.（运用了固定句型hardly..when引导的时间状语从句。）

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