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沪教版（2024）七年级下册英语 Unit 4 Our animal friends
阅读理解专项训练（含解析）
一、选择最佳答案
Passage A
The Visionary of Renewable Energy
Dr. Amory Lovins is a world - renowned physicist and an advocate for renewable energy. In
the 1970s, when most of the world relied heavily on fossil fuels, Lovins predicted the
environmental and economic problems associated with their overuse. He founded the Rocky
Mountain Institute (RMI) in 1982, which has since been at the forefront of research on energy
efficiency and renewable energy systems.
One of Lovins' most significant contributions is the concept of "soft energy paths." He
proposed that instead of focusing on large - scale, centralized power plants using fossil fuels,
society should transition to a decentralized energy system powered by renewable sources like
solar, wind, and hydropower. His ideas were initially met with skepticism in the traditional energy
industry. However, as the negative impacts of climate change became more evident, governments
and businesses began to take his theories seriously.
RMI has advised numerous companies and governments on sustainable energy strategies. For
example, it helped Ford Motor Company improve the energy efficiency of its manufacturing
plants, reducing energy consumption by 60% over a decade. Lovins' work has not only influenced
the energy sector but has also inspired a generation of environmentalists and engineers to pursue
sustainable solutions.
1. What was Dr. Amory Lovins' prediction in the 1970s
A. The rise of renewable energy in the next decade.
B. The environmental and economic problems caused by overusing fossil fuels.
C. The development of new fossil fuel technologies.
D. The decline of the traditional energy industry.
2. When was the Rocky Mountain Institute founded
A. In the 1970s. B. In 1982. C. In the 1990s. D. In 2000.
3. What is the concept of "soft energy paths"
A. A centralized energy system using advanced fossil fuels.
B. A decentralized energy system powered by renewable sources.
C. A combination of large - scale and small - scale power plants.
D. An energy system based on nuclear power.
4. How did the traditional energy industry react to Lovins' ideas at first
A. They fully supported his theories.
B. They were interested and started researching.
C. They were skeptical.
D. They immediately implemented his suggestions.
5. What achievement did RMI help Ford Motor Company make
A. Increase its market share.
B. Develop new car models.
C. Improve the energy efficiency of its manufacturing plants.
D. Reduce its workforce.
Passage B
The Literary Luminary Empowering Women
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian novelist, essayist, and short - story writer. Her
works, such as Purple Hibiscus, Half of a Yellow Sun, and Americanah, have gained international
acclaim for their exploration of African identity, gender roles, and the African diaspora experience.
Adichie's writing often challenges the stereotypes and biases that Western cultures hold about
Africa. In Purple Hibiscus, she portrays the complex family dynamics within a Nigerian
household, moving beyond the simplistic view of Africa as a continent of only poverty and chaos.
Half of a Yellow Sun is set during the Nigerian - Biafran War, providing a detailed and empathetic
account of the human cost of the conflict.
As a feminist, Adichie uses her platform to advocate for gender equality. Her TED talk, "We
Should All Be Feminists," has been widely watched and has inspired many to re - evaluate their
views on gender. In her writing and public speaking, she addresses issues such as the limited
opportunities for women in Nigerian society, the double standards in gender roles, and the
importance of women's education.
Despite facing criticism from some who believe her work is too political, Adichie remains
committed to using her art to effect social change. She has mentored many young African writers,
helping them to develop their voices and share their stories with the world.
1. What is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's profession
A. A scientist.
B. A politician.
C. A novelist, essayist, and short - story writer.
D. A journalist.
2. Which of the following is NOT one of Adichie's works
A. Purple Hibiscus B. Half of a Yellow Sun
C. The Great Gatsby D. Americanah
3. What does Adichie's writing often challenge
A. The beauty of African culture.
B. The stereotypes and biases that Western cultures hold about Africa.
C. The traditional African values.
D. The role of literature in society.
4. What is the main idea of her TED talk "We Should All Be Feminists"
A. To promote African literature.
B. To advocate for gender equality.
C. To discuss the Nigerian - Biafran War.
D. To share her personal life story.
5. How has Adichie influenced young African writers
A. By providing them with financial support.
B. By giving them jobs in the publishing industry.
C. By mentoring them to develop their voices and share their stories.
D. By writing books about them.
Passage C
The Tech Innovator Revolutionizing Healthcare
Dr. Eric Topol is a cardiologist and a pioneer in the field of digital health. He has been at the
forefront of integrating technology into medicine, believing that it has the potential to transform
healthcare delivery.
Topol's research focuses on how mobile devices, artificial intelligence (AI), and genomics
can be used to improve patient care. He has been a vocal advocate for the use of wearables, such
as smartwatches, which can monitor vital signs like heart rate and sleep patterns continuously.
These devices can provide real - time data to patients and doctors, enabling early detection of
health problems.
In the area of AI, Topol believes that machine - learning algorithms can analyze large
amounts of medical data to identify patterns and make more accurate diagnoses. For example, AI
can help radiologists detect signs of cancer in X - rays more precisely. His work in genomics
involves using an individual's genetic information to personalize medical treatment, ensuring that
patients receive the most effective drugs and therapies for their specific genetic makeup.
However, implementing these technologies in healthcare is not without challenges. There are
concerns about data privacy, the reliability of AI - based diagnoses, and the need for healthcare
providers to be trained in using these new tools. Despite these challenges, Topol is optimistic
about the future of digital health and continues to push for its widespread adoption.
1. What is Dr. Eric Topol's main area of work
A. In the field of digital health, integrating technology into medicine.
B. In developing new drugs.
C. In improving hospital management.
D. In traditional medical research.
2. What does Topol think about wearables in healthcare
A. They are useless gadgets.
B. They can monitor vital signs continuously and provide real - time data.
C. They are too expensive for most patients.
D. They are only suitable for healthy people.
3. How can AI be used in healthcare according to Topol
A. To replace doctors in making diagnoses.
B. To analyze large amounts of medical data for more accurate diagnoses.
C. To manage hospital finances.
D. To develop new medical devices.
4. What are the challenges in implementing digital health technologies
A. Lack of interest from patients.
B. Data privacy, reliability of AI - based diagnoses, and training of healthcare providers.
C. High cost of technology.
D. Resistance from the medical community.
5. What is Topol's attitude towards the future of digital health
A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent.
二、七选五阅读
Passage A
How to Follow in the Footsteps of Your Role Model
Role models can inspire us to become better versions of ourselves. Here are some steps to
help you follow in their footsteps:
Study Their Journey
Learn about your role model's life story. Understand the challenges they faced and how they
overcame them. 16. ______ This knowledge will give you insights into their mindset and
resilience.
Identify Their Core Values
Every great role model has a set of core values that guide their actions. Whether it's integrity,
compassion, or perseverance, figure out what these values are. 17. ______ Make these values part
of your own life philosophy.
Set Clear Goals
Based on what you've learned from your role model, set specific, measurable, achievable,
relevant, and time - bound (SMART) goals. 18. ______ These goals should be in line with the
qualities you admire in your role model.
Take Consistent Action
Success doesn't come overnight. Your role model didn't achieve their success without
consistent effort. 19. ______ Break down your goals into small, actionable steps and take one step
at a time.
Learn from Failure
Even the most successful role models have faced failure. Instead of being discouraged by
setbacks, use them as learning opportunities. 20. ______ Analyze what went wrong and how you
can do better next time.
A. This will help you stay focused and motivated.
B. Share your goals with your friends and family.
C. Just like them, you should view failure as a stepping - stone to success.
D. By emulating these values, you can start making decisions that are true to who you want to be.
E. Read their biographies, watch interviews, and study their work to get a comprehensive
understanding.
F. Surround yourself with positive people who support your journey.
G. Avoid making any mistakes in your pursuit of success.
Passage B
The Traits That Make a Great Role Model
Great role models possess certain traits that set them apart and inspire others. Here are some
of these key traits:
Integrity
Role models with integrity are honest and true to their values, even when no one is watching.
21. ______ Their actions match their words, and they are respected for their moral character.
Passion
Passionate role models love what they do. Their enthusiasm is contagious and can inspire
others to pursue their own interests with dedication. 22. ______ Whether it's in their career,
hobbies, or social causes, their passion shines through.
Empathy
Empathetic role models understand and share the feelings of others. They are able to put
themselves in someone else's shoes and offer support and understanding. 23. ______ This quality
makes them approachable and able to build strong relationships.
Resilience
Life is full of challenges, and role models with resilience don't give up easily. 24. ______
They bounce back from setbacks and use them as opportunities for growth. Their determination
can inspire others to persevere in the face of difficulties.
Vision
Great role models have a clear vision of what they want to achieve. 25. ______ They can see
the big picture and inspire others to work towards a common goal. Their vision gives direction and
purpose to their actions.
A. They have the ability to see beyond the present and set long - term goals.
B. They always look for the easy way out when faced with problems.
C. They make decisions based on what is right, not what is convenient.
D. This trait helps them connect with people on a deeper level.
E. They are constantly seeking new challenges and opportunities.
F. Their passion drives them to overcome obstacles and achieve great things.
G. They give up quickly when things get tough.
Passage C
Role Models in the World of Social Change
Throughout history, there have been many individuals who have become role models by
driving social change.
Mahatma Gandhi: He used non - violent resistance to fight against British colonial rule in
India. 26. ______ His philosophy of non - violence, or "ahimsa," inspired many other civil rights
movements around the world.
Malala Yousafzai: Despite facing death threats, she continued to advocate for girls' education
in Pakistan. 27. ______ Her courage in standing up for what she believed in made her a global
symbol of the fight for educational equality.
Martin Luther King Jr.: He led the civil rights movement in the United States, using peaceful
protests and powerful speeches to demand an end to racial segregation. 28. ______ His "I Have a
Dream" speech is one of the most famous in history.
Wangari Maathai: The first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize, she founded the
Green Belt Movement in Kenya. 29. ______ The movement has planted millions of trees, helping
to combat deforestation and improve the environment.
Nelson Mandela: After spending 27 years in prison for fighting against apartheid in South
Africa, he became the country's first black president. 30. ______ His efforts led to the end of
apartheid and the establishment of a democratic South Africa.
A. His work was crucial in bringing about social and political change in the US.
B. She was shot by the Taliban but survived and continued her fight.
C. He believed in the power of love and non - violence to bring about change.
D. He focused on economic development rather than social change.
E. She dedicated her life to environmental conservation and women's empowerment.
F. He promoted racial harmony and reconciliation in South Africa.
G. He used violent means to achieve his goals.
三、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题
Passage A
The Pioneer in Sustainable Fashion
Stella McCartney is a British fashion designer known for her commitment to sustainable
fashion. She graduated from Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 1995. In 2001,
she launched her own fashion label, which immediately stood out for its eco - friendly approach.
McCartney's designs avoid using leather and fur, instead opting for alternative materials such as
recycled polyester and organic cotton. She also focuses on reducing waste in the production
process. Her brand has been a pioneer in using innovative technologies to create stylish and
sustainable fashion items.
In addition to her design work, McCartney is an active advocate for animal rights and
environmental protection. She uses her influence in the fashion industry to raise awareness about
these issues. Her efforts have inspired many other designers to follow suit and adopt more
sustainable practices. However, the fashion industry as a whole still has a long way to go in terms
of sustainability. McCartney continues to work towards her goal of making sustainable fashion the
norm rather than the exception.
31.What is Stella McCartney famous for
___________________________________
32.When did she launch her own fashion label
___________________________________
33.What materials does she avoid using in her designs
___________________________________
34.What is she an advocate for
___________________________________
35.What is her goal in the fashion industry
___________________________________
Passage B
The Scientist Who Transformed Neuroscience
Dr. Temple Grandin is a professor of animal science at Colorado State University and a
renowned figure in the field of neuroscience. She is also autistic, and her personal experience has
greatly influenced her research.
Grandin's work focuses on understanding animal behavior and improving the welfare of
livestock. She has designed more humane livestock handling systems, taking into account the
animals' natural instincts. Her designs have been widely adopted in the agricultural industry,
reducing stress and pain for animals during handling and slaughter.
In addition to her work with animals, Grandin is an advocate for autism awareness. She has
written several books and given countless lectures about her experiences as an autistic person.
Through her work, she has helped to change the way society views autism, emphasizing that
autistic individuals have unique strengths and perspectives. Despite facing discrimination and
challenges due to her autism, Grandin has persevered and achieved great success in her career.
36.What is Dr. Temple Grandin's profession
___________________________________
37.How has her personal experience influenced her work
___________________________________
38.What has she designed in the agricultural industry
___________________________________
39.What is she an advocate for
___________________________________
40.What challenges has she faced in her life
___________________________________
Passage C
The Social Entrepreneur Empowering the Poor
Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi economist and social entrepreneur. He is best known for
founding the Grameen Bank, which pioneered the concept of microcredit.
In the 1970s, Yunus noticed the plight of poor people in Bangladesh who were unable to
access traditional bank loans. To address this issue, he established the Grameen Bank in 1983. The
bank provides small loans, or microcredit, to poor individuals, especially women, to start their
own businesses. This has enabled many people to lift themselves out of poverty.
Yunus' idea of microcredit has been replicated in many countries around the world. His work
has not only improved the economic situation of millions but has also empowered women in male
- dominated societies. However, there have been some criticisms of microcredit, such as concerns
about high interest rates and over - indebtedness. Despite these challenges, Yunus remains
committed to his mission of poverty alleviation. In 2006, he and the Grameen Bank were awarded
the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts.
41.Who is Muhammad Yunus
___________________________________
42.What is the Grameen Bank known for
___________________________________
43.Why did Yunus establish the Grameen Bank
___________________________________
44.What impact has his work had on women in male - dominated societies
___________________________________
45.What challenges has the microcredit concept faced
___________________________________一、选择最佳答案
Passage A
主题：可再生能源先驱 Amory Lovins
1. B
解 析 ： 根 据 第 二 段 首 句 “ Lovins predicted the environmental and economic problems
associated with their overuse”，其中“their”指代前文的“fossil fuels”，故选 B。
2. B
解析：第一段明确提到“He founded the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) in 1982”，直接对
应选项 B。
3. B
解析：第二段第二句指出“soft energy paths”的核心是“a decentralized energy system
powered by renewable sources”，与 B 选项完全一致。
4. C
解析：第二段第三句提到“His ideas were initially met with skepticism in the traditional
energy industry”，关键词“skepticism”对应选项 C。
5. C
解析：第三段第二句说明“it helped Ford Motor Company improve the energy efficiency of
its manufacturing plants”，其中“it”指代 RMI，故选 C。
Passage B
主题：赋予女性力量的文学巨匠 Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
1. C
解析：第一段首句明确说明她的职业是“a Nigerian novelist, essayist, and short-story writer”，
对应选项 C。
2. C
解析：《了不起的盖茨比》是菲茨杰拉德的作品，文中未提及，其余选项均为 Adichie 的
著作。
3. B
解析：第二段首句指出“Adichie's writing often challenges the stereotypes and biases that
Western cultures hold about Africa”，直接对应选项 B。
4. B
解析：第三段第二句提到她的 TED 演讲主题是“We Should All Be Feminists”，核心是
“advocate for gender equality”，故选 B。
5. C
解析：最后一段末句提到“She has mentored many young African writers, helping them to
develop their voices”，对应选项 C。
Passage C
主题：革新医疗的科技先驱 Eric Topol
1. A
解析：第一段末句指出他的工作核心是“integrating technology into medicine”，属 于“digital
health”领域，故选 A。
2. B
解析：第二段第二句提到“wearables... can monitor vital signs... provide real-time data”，与
选项 B 一致。
3. B
解析：第三段首句说明 AI 的作用是“analyze large amounts of medical data to identify
patterns and make more accurate diagnoses”，对应选项 B。
4. B
解析：最后一段第二句明确列出挑战：“data privacy, the reliability of AI-based diagnoses,
and the need for healthcare providers to be trained”，故选 B。
5. C
解析：最后一段末句提到“Topol is optimistic about the future of digital health”，直接对应
选项 C。
二、七选五阅读
Passage A
主题：如何追随榜样的脚步
16. E
解析：空前建议“Study Their Journey”，E 选项“Read their biographies, watch interviews”
是具体行动，与“理解他们的挑战”逻辑衔接。
17. D
解析：空前讲“Identify Their Core Values”，D 选项“emulating these values”承接上文，
说明模仿价值观的意义。
18. A
解析：空前提到“Set Clear Goals”，A 选项“This will help you stay focused”中的“This”
指代设定目标，符合语境。
19. C
解析：空前强调“consistent effort”，C 选项“view failure as a stepping-stone”与下文“从
失败中学习”呼应。
20. G
解析：干扰项为 F，但空后“Analyze what went wrong”对应 G 选项“避免犯错”的反面，
实际强调从错误中学习，此处需排除干扰。
Passage B
主题：优秀榜样的特质
21. C
解析：段落主题“Integrity”（正直），C 选项“make decisions based on what is right”体现
正直的核心。
22. F
解析：段落主题“Passion”，F 选项“Their passion drives them to overcome obstacles”直
接呼应热情的作用。
23. D
解析：段落主题“Empathy”（同理心），D 选项“connect with people on a deeper level”
是同理心的结果。
24. E
解析：段落主题“Resilience”（韧性），E 选项“bounce back from setbacks”体现韧性，
排除干扰项 G（放弃）。
25. A
解析：段落主题“Vision”（远见），A 选项“see beyond the present and set long-term goals”
符合远见的定义。
Passage C
主题：社会变革中的榜样
26. C
解析：甘地的核心是“non-violent resistance”，C 选项“believed in the power of love and
non-violence”与之匹配。
27. B
解析：马拉拉曾被塔利班枪击，B 选项“She was shot by the Taliban but survived”对应她
的经历。
28. A
解析：马丁·路德·金的贡献是推动美国民权运动，A 选项“crucial in bringing about social
and political change in the US”正确。
29. E
解析：Wangari Maathai 的绿色运动涉及环保和女性赋权，E 选项“dedicated her life to
environmental conservation”符合。
30. F
解析：曼德拉致力于种族和解，F 选项“promoted racial harmony and reconciliation”对应
他的使命。
三、阅读短文，回答问题
Passage A
主题：可持续时尚先驱 Stella McCartney
31. She is famous for her commitment to sustainable fashion.
解析：第一段首句明确说明她的核心贡献。
32. She launched her own fashion label in 2001.
解析：第一段末句直接提及时间。
33. She avoids using leather and fur.
解析：第二段首句指出她避免使用的材料。
34. She is an advocate for animal rights and environmental protection.
解析：第三段首句明确她的倡导领域。
35. Her goal is to make sustainable fashion the norm rather than the exception.
解析：最后一句提到她的目标。
Passage B
主题：革新神经科学的科学家 Temple Grandin
36. She is a professor of animal science and a neuroscientist.
解析：第一段首句说明她的职业。
37. Her personal experience with autism has influenced her research on animal behavior and
welfare.
解析：第一段末句提到她的自闭症经历影响了研究。
38. She has designed more humane livestock handling systems.
解析：第二段第二句明确她的设计成果。
39. She is an advocate for autism awareness.
解析：第三段首句指出她的倡导方向。
40. She has faced discrimination and challenges due to her autism.
解析：最后一句提到她面临的挑战。
Passage C
主题：赋予穷人力量的社会企业家 Muhammad Yunus
41. He is a Bangladeshi economist and social entrepreneur.
解析：第一段首句明确身份。
42. It is known for pioneering the concept of microcredit.
解析：第一段末句说明格莱珉银行的核心创新。
43. He established it to provide microcredit to poor people who couldn't access traditional loans.
解析：第二段解释成立原因。
44. His work has empowered women in male-dominated societies.
解析：第三段提到对女性赋权的影响。
45. Challenges include concerns about high interest rates and over-indebtedness.
解析：第三段倒数第二句列出批评内容。

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