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2门世2有
3厚UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES
主题语境：人与社会——文化的多样性
The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people.—Unknown
世界之美源于人之多样性。——佚名
加黑词汇为话题词汇，阅读时加以体会。
As a huge art fan, I knew exactly what I was looking forward to most about my trip to Paris: visiting the Musée d'Orsay. Housed in an old railway building, this world－famous art museum features some of the best－known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.
As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery, I appreciated masterpieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players. Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen, nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing. While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the artists who made the deepest impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters; Claude Monet and Pierre－Auguste Renoir.
I could see from Monet's works that he was greatly inspired by nature. In the last three decades of his life he painted mostly scenes from his garden. One of these scenes is shown in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies, which I studied for quite a while in the gallery. I couldn't believe it when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond, all in different colours and styles. It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond's beauty to the canvas in a unique way.
(节选自译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)
学有 所得
1．词海拾贝
(1)exactly adv.精确地；准确地
(2)appreciate v．欣赏，鉴赏
(3)masterpiece n．代表作，杰作
(4)lay eyes on 看见，瞧见
(5)make the deepest impression on 给……留下最深刻的印象
2．阅读思考
(1)How did the author feel when he laid eyes on the real thing
Amazed.
(2)Why do people visit the art museum
Because they can learn about diverse cultures.(答案不唯一)
3．佳句欣赏
Housed in an old railway building, this world－famous art museum features some of the best－known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century. (Housed in an old railway building是过去分词短语作状语，和句子主语art museum是逻辑上的被动关系)
翻译：这座举世闻名的艺术博物馆设于一座古老的铁路建筑中，重点展出十九世纪印象派运动中最著名的一些画作。
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
基础 记忆
项目一　必会单词
1．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→unfortunately adv.不幸地
3．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片
4．cheese n．干酪；奶酪
5．spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的
6．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的
fortune相关词一览
(1)fortune n．运气；机会
unfortunate adj.不幸的
unfortunately adv.不幸地
(2)luck n．运气
lucky adj.幸运的
luckily adv.幸运地
unlucky adj.不幸的
unluckily adv.不幸地
项目二　必记短语
1．be made of/from 由……做成
2．at least 至少
3．in addition 另外
4．die from 死于
5．be forced into 被迫成为
6．more... than ... 比……多；与其……不如……
表达“除……以外”的词语
aside from 除……外(还有/没有)
except for 除了(不好的部分)
besides 除……外(还有)
in addition 此外(单独使用)
in addition to 此外
as well as 除……之外
项目三　教材原句
1．No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.
没有人真正知道第一批人是什么时候到达我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚的。
2．It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前搬到了加利福尼亚。
3．However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state of America.
然而，一些人在这些可怕的时期幸存下来，而且今天生活在加利福尼亚的美洲土著居民比美国其他任何一个州都要多。
延伸 学习
Ⅰ.语音知识
英语语音停顿规则
“停顿”在表达中很重要，话不用说得很快，但却显得连贯自然。长的句子按照意思的群落(即“意群”)适当断开、稍加停顿(即“停顿”)，断开的几部分都具有相对完整的意思。这样，你每一次停顿，别人都会听懂你表达的意思，不至于前言不搭后语。要分清短语、从句、主谓宾等。要熟悉断句的方法：大致按照句子成分“主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语”的结构断开或停顿。
1．有标点的地方常是停顿所在。
例：John Smith，|our teacher，|came in|with a book in his hand.
our teacher后用逗号隔开，那么一般读的时候这里也需要断开。
2．一个功能可能是停顿所在。
例：John Smith，|our teacher，|came in|with a book in his hand.
从另一个角度讲，our teacher作的是同位语，因此作为一个语调群。came in作谓语，with a book in his hand作方式状语，因此要放在一起作为一个语调群。
3．分句或从句常是停顿的地方。
例：He did not come to work yesterday|because he was seriously ill.
4．英语断句停顿，连词归后，关系代词等也放后面，与从句放一起。
例：(1)She was arrested|and killed.
(2)Sam came out|with a foolish speech|which made others annoyed.
(3)In 1980，|she came forward to admit|that she was the nurse.
(4)In those days，|boxers fought with bare fists|for prize money.
Ⅱ.话题词汇
1．ethnic minority 少数民族
2．Autonomous Region 自治区
3．geographical location 地理位置
4．the Miao people 苗族人
5．the Water Splashing Festival 泼水节
6．Manchu group/minority 满族
7．believe in 信仰
8．earrings and long gowns 耳饰和长袍
Ⅲ.情景交际
A：Why are there so many yellow things 1.Is yellow the lucky color in China？(在中国，黄色是幸运色吗？)
B：Oh, no. In fact, yellow is 2.the symbol of(……的象征) the royal family.
A：Just like the pattern dragon, right
B：3.Exactly(没错). Here is the Nine dragon screen.
A：Oh, it's really beautiful. I want to 4.take a picture(拍个照) here.
B：Sure, this is really a good picture.
Ⅳ.听说词句
翻译词块
1．diverse cultures多元文化
2．cultural conflict文化冲突
3．be influenced by受……的影响
4．have a history of有……的历史
5．talk about Chinese ethnic minority cultures 谈谈中国的少数民族文化
6．the origins of the American food 美国食物的起源
7．historical changes 历史变迁
8．cross－cultural communication 跨文化交流
完成句子
1．Each culture has its distinct features and each other's differences are respected.
每种文化都有其独特的特点，彼此之间的差异也受到尊重。
2．Nachos were invented for Americans by a foreigner.
墨西哥玉米片是一个外国人为美国人发明的。
3．He's here to talk about the influences cultures have on American food.
他是来这里谈论文化对美国食物的影响的。
4．When it comes to American food, some say no food was ever invented in America.
说到美国的食物，有些人说美国从来没有发明过任何食物。
5．It's likely that we will need all of you to work this weekend.
很可能这个周末我们需要你们所有人都去上班。
词汇 精讲
1．fortune n．[U]成功；机会；运气；[C]未来的命运；运道；前途；财富；大笔的钱
[教材原句]　Every Chinese restaurant in America has fortune cookies. 在美国的每一家中国餐馆里都有签语饼。
[归纳拓展]
(1)make a fortune 发财 seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 try one's fortune 碰运气 (2)misfortune n．不幸；灾祸 fortunate adj.幸运的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunate adj.不幸的 unfortunately adv.不幸
[佳句背诵]
Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
橘子树不仅仅是装饰物，它们还是好运和财富的象征。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Nowadays many young people are seeking their(they) fortune in big cities.
②You are fortunate to have(have) such a dynamic father.
③Fortunately(fortune), people have realised the great harm caused by the smog.
④There's always a chance that his luck will turn and he really will make a fortune.
2．mix v．(使)混合；融合；调配；配制
[教材原句]　American cooking often mixes things from around the world to make something completely new. 美式烹饪经常把来自世界各地的东西混合在一起，做出全新的东西。
[归纳拓展]
(1)mix with... 和……混合 mix up混淆；弄错；弄乱 mix sth. for sb. 为某人调配食物 (2)mixture n．混合；混合物；结合体 a mixture of... ……的混合物 (3)mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂
[佳句背诵]
He doesn't mix much with others.
他不大和别人来往。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Twelve Girls Band mixes this rich tradition with classical, folk and contemporary sounds.
②The novel offers a mixture(mix) of adventure and comedy.
③Reading should not be mixed(mix) with papers that require an action.
完成句子
④Air is a mixture of gases.
空气是多种气体的混合物。
⑤Therefore, you must be careful not to mix them up.
因此，你必须注意不能将它们弄混。
3．suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历
[教材原句]　In the 16th century, the native people suffered greatly after the arrival of the Europeans. 16世纪，欧洲人到来后，土著人遭受了巨大的苦难。
[归纳拓展]
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage/loss/hunger 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏/损失/饥饿 suffer from 受……折磨；患……病 (2)suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事 (3)sufferer n．患者；受难者
[佳句背诵]
Most patients suffer no side effects.
多数病人身上没发生副作用。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Among these children, about 30 percent also suffer from high levels of blood sugar and fat.
②A large quantity of money has been collected to help those sufferers(suffer) from the floods.
③The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings(suffer) during the war.
完成句子
④He has suffered from cancer for many years.
他患癌症好多年了。
4．die from... 因……而死
[教材原句]　In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. 此外，许多人死于欧洲人带来的疾病。
[归纳拓展]
die of... 因……而死 die out灭绝；消失 die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die down减弱；逐渐平息 die off相继死亡
[佳句背诵]
He died from a traffic accident.
他死于交通事故。
[易混辨析]
(1)die of主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因造成的死亡，如hunger, cancer。
(2)die from主要指环境造成的或事故等方面造成的死亡，如flood, lack of food。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①These endangered animals may even die out because of human activities.
②As the sound of the music died away, the film came to an end.
③People sometimes die of treatable conditions.
④I'll take your advice and wait for the wind to die down.
5．survive vt.幸免于；从……逃生；比……活得长　vi.幸免；幸存
[教材原句]　However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state of America. 然而，一些人在这些可怕的时期幸存下来，而且今天生活在加利福尼亚的美洲土著居民比美国其他任何一个州都要多。
[归纳拓展]
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来 survive on 依靠……生存下来 A survive B (by...) A比B活得长(……) survive from 从……中存活下来/流传下来 (2)survivor n．幸存者 survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物
[佳句背诵]
We cannot survive for long without food and drink.
我们没有食物和水就活不了多久。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage
②As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.
③Having survived(survive) that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
④Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival(survive)．
句式 精析
1．No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.[教材原句]
没有人真正知道第一批人是什么时候到达我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚的。
[句式分析]
what引导的从句作介词in的宾语，what在从句中作know的宾语，意为“……的地方”。
[归纳拓展]
(1)介词后一般不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要接it作介词的形式宾语，再接that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语，如：depend on it that...；但what，which，whom，how等连接词引导的宾语从句可直接放在介词后面。 (2)介词后可接whether引导的宾语从句，但不接由if引导的宾语从句。
[佳句背诵]
I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”．
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”时代。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
②He drove at what I thought was a dangerous speed.
③Whether you will succeed depends on whether you will work hard.
2．It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.[教材原句]
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前搬到了加利福尼亚。
[句式分析]
“It is likely＋that...”是一个固定句型，likely是形容词，it是形式主语，that clause为真正的主语。此句型可转化为Sb./Sth. be likely to do...“某人/物可能做……”。
[归纳拓展]
其他表示“……可能……”的句型： It's probable that...； It's possible that...； It's possible for sb. to do sth.； The chances are that...； There is a possibility that...
possible, probable不可用于sb. be possible/probable to do结构。
[佳句背诵]
He is likely to get the goal.
他似乎有可能实现这一目标．
[巧学活用]
句型转换
①It's likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
＝You will be likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
②It is possible for her to set a world record again.
＝It is probable that she will set a world record again.
＝It is likely that she will set a world record again.
＝She is likely to set a world record again.
她有可能会再次创造世界纪录。
达标　练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．English is a language shared by several diverse(多样的) cultures，each of which uses it differently.
2．It's wrong to dream of making a fortune(大笔的钱) overnight.
3．The dairy group has food like milk, cheese(奶酪) and sour milk.
4．Thai food is hot and spicy(辛辣的)．
5．They did a survey of Britain's ethnic(民族的) minorities.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．A diversity of water based activities are held, ranging from routine practice to regularly organized matches.
2．The hat is made of fur, so it is a little expensive.
3．Most schools are inspected at least once a year.
4．Yesterday we visited the Palace Museum; in addition, we visited the Summer Palace.
5．Sadly, both he and my mother died of cancer.
6．It was more a worry than a pleasure.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He went to America to seek his fortune.
他去美国找出路。
2．You need money and time; in addition, you need diligence.
你需要金钱和时间，此外，你还需要努力。
3．A park has been built in what was a factory 10 years ago.
在十年前曾是一个工厂的地方已经建起了一座公园。
4．It is likely that he will represent his school to deliver a speech.
他很可能代表他的学校发表演讲。
5．We are allowed to stay here for two days at most.
我们最多被允许在这儿待两天。
课时作业(九)　Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking &
Listening and Talking
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive(survive) without friends in life.
2．My father does not care about what I do.
3．Thousands of people were killed or forced into slaves.
4．In addition, reading can also broaden our horizons.
5．The player was likely(like) to win the 110 metre hurdles, but he fell to the ground and missed the chance.
6．She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
While tea may have originated in Asia, now there are many countries all around the world that have tea woven into their food culture and traditions. This is one of the very special parts of tea as it has a way of connecting people all over the world in different ways and ceremonies that finally all result in a group of people sitting together and enjoying a cup of tea.
Chinese tea culture
Since China is viewed as the birthplace of tea, it is no wonder that Chinese tea culture is rich with history and tradition. Today, Chinese tea continues to be used in Chinese medicine and is commonly consumed on both informal and formal occasions both for personal enjoyment and to represent Chinese cultural traditions.
Japanese tea culture
Japan also has a long history with tea, especially Japanese Matcha, which is a kind of ground green tea that is commonly used in Japanese tea ceremonies and only in recent years became popular in Western culture.
British tea culture
When many people think about tea, British tea culture is what comes to mind. A hot cup of English Breakfast Tea or Earl Grey serves with a little milk and a biscuit in the afternoon as a pick－me－up for the day. Even though tea may not be native to England, this British tea tradition is still going strong today.
Moroccan tea culture
When you visit Morocco, it is hard to miss the outstanding tea culture that is such a large part of Moroccan hospitality(好客). Before any gathering, negotiation, or sale of a product, a pot of mint tea is always prepared and served among the host and guests. This is an expression of Moroccan tradition and hospitality, which should always be accepted by guests as a sign of appreciation and respect to the host.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国、日本、英国和摩洛哥的茶文化。
1．Why can tea find its way into various food cultures
A．It originates in Asia.
B．It forms different ceremonies.
C．It gets people connected easily.
D．It allows people to sit together.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，茶能融入各种饮食文化，是因为它使人们很容易地联系在一起。故选C。
答案：C
2．What do Chinese and Japanese tea cultures have in common according to the text
A．They have a long history.
B．They are used in medicine.
C．They are famous for ground green tea.
D．They've long gained worldwide recognition.
解析：细节理解题。根据Chinese tea culture部分中的“Chinese tea culture is rich with history and tradition”以及Japanese tea culture部分中的“Japan also has a long history with tea”可知，中国和日本的茶文化共同点在于它们都有悠久的历史。故选A。
答案：A
3．Why are the British keen on tea in the afternoon
A．To get new energy.
B．To bring out respect.
C．To show hospitality.
D．To observe a tradition.
解析：细节理解题。根据British tea culture部分第二句可知，英国人喜欢下午喝茶是因为人们可以从中获得新能量。pick－me－up意为“提神物品”。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅲ.完形填空
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it when I was 13.My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to EI Capitan, a __1__ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew __2__ I wanted to climb it. That has been my life's passion(爱好) ever since.
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of __3__， like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It's __4__ me why visitors started respecting the place __5__ and treated such a beautiful home like place this way.
I tried picking up trash(垃圾) myself. I would __6__ an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so __7__ it that I decided to change.
As a rock climbing guide, I knew __8__ about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a __9__. On that day, more than 300 people __10__. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. I couldn't believe the __11__ we made—the park looked clean!
I often hear people __12__ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by __13__ rather than complaining. We need to teach by __14__. You can't blame others __15__ you start with yourself.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者把约塞米蒂国家公园当作自己的家。当他看到公园里有大量的垃圾时，开始自己捡垃圾，后来组织大家捡垃圾。由此作者明白改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。
1．A．distant B．loose
C．narrow D．huge
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。distant遥远的；loose松的；narrow狭窄的；huge巨大的。句意：在回程的路上，我请他们等我，我跑向了巍峨的埃尔卡皮坦山，一块高达3 300英尺的巨岩。由下文的“3,300 feet”和“that giant rock”可知，岩石巨大。故选D项。
答案：D
2．A．immediately B．finally
C．gradually D．recently
解析：考查副词词义辨析。immediately立即；finally最后；gradually逐渐地；recently最近地。句意：我触摸到那块巨石时，立刻知道我想攀登。由下文的“That has been my life's passion(爱好) ever since.”可知，从那以后，那是作者一生的爱好。所以immediately“立即”用在这里表示作者对于这块巨石以及攀岩的喜爱。故选A项。
答案：A
3．A．material B．resources
C．waste D．goods
解析：考查名词词义辨析。material材料；resource资源；waste垃圾；goods货物。句意：大约15年前，我开始在这个地区周围看到很多垃圾，如卫生纸、啤酒罐和空盒子。由下文“like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes”可知，这些都是垃圾。故选C项。
答案：C
4．A．beyond B．against
C．over D．within
解析：考查介词词义辨析。beyond超出；against反对；over越过；within在……里。句意：这让我无法理解为什么游客开始对这个地方不那么尊重，并以这种方式对待一个如此美丽的像家一样的地方。在作者心里约塞米蒂就像家一样，所以作者无法理解为什么游客开始对这个地方不那么尊重。故选A项。
答案：A
5．A．more B．most
C．least D．less
解析：考查副词词义辨析。more 更多；most最多；least最少；less较少。句意同上题。由前文可知，游客已经污染了这个作者喜欢的地方，所以说游客对这个地方不那么尊重了。故选D项。
答案：D
6．A．kill B．spend
C．wait D．save
解析：考查动词词义辨析。kill杀死；spend花费；wait等待；save节省。句意：我会捡一两个小时垃圾，才发现不出几个星期，又是遍地垃圾。由前文可知，作者自己在捡垃圾，所以作者会捡一两个小时的垃圾。故选B项。
答案：B
7．A．satisfied with B．delighted to
C．tired of D．used to
解析：考查形容词短语辨析。get satisfied with对……满意；get delighted to高兴做某事；get tired of厌倦……； get used to习惯于。句意：最后，我厌倦了，决定有所改变。由前文的“only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later”可知，作者厌倦了。故选C项。
答案：C
8．A．something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
解析：考查代词词义辨析。something某事；anything任何事情；everything每件事情；nothing没有什么。句意：作为一名攀岩向导，我对组织任何重大活动一无所知。根据常识可以判断出，作者是一名攀岩向导，自然对组织任何重大活动一无所知。故选D项。
答案：D
9．A．party B．clean－up
C．picnic D．concert
解析：考查名词词义辨析。party聚会；clean－up打扫；picnic野餐；concert音乐会。句意：但在2004年，我和其他登山者定下了一个清理日。由下文他们聚在这一天可知，作者和其他登山者定下了一个清理日。故选B项。
答案：B
10．A．dropped out B．showed up
C．looked around D．called back
解析：考查动词短语辨析。drop out辍学；show up出现；look around环顾四周；call back回电话。句意：在这一天，有300多人到来。故选B项。
答案：B
11．A．plan B．visit
C．contact D．difference
解析：考查名词词义辨析。plan计划；visit拜访；contact联系；difference不同。句意：我简直不敢相信我们所做的改变——公园看起来很干净！由下文“the park looked clean”可知，作者简直不敢相信他们所做的改变。故选D项。
答案：D
12．A．complain B．talk
C．argue D．quarrel
解析：考查动词词义辨析。complain抱怨；talk谈话；argue争论；quarrel争吵。句意：我经常听到有人抱怨自己身处的环境。由下文complaining可知，作者经常听到有人抱怨自己身处的环境。故选A项。
答案：A
13．A．doing B．thinking
C．questioning D．watching
解析：考查动词词义辨析。do做；think思考；question询问；watch看。句意：如果你是其中之一，我想说的是动手做吧，只有这样才能有所改变，而不是抱怨。捡垃圾就是行动之一，不应该一直抱怨而不动手做。故选A项。
答案：A
14．A．method B．explanation
C．example D．research
解析：考查名词词义辨析。method方法；explanation解释；example例子；research研究。句意：我们需要以身作则。作者告诫他人，不要一直抱怨，要有行动，且要以身作则，因为自己和很多人就是这么做的。故选C项。
答案：C
15．A．although B．if
C．unless D．when
解析：考查连词词义辨析。although尽管；if如果；unless除非；when当……时。句意：除非你从自己做起，否则不能责怪其他人。分析句子可知，本句为unless引导的条件状语从句。故选C项。
答案：C
Ⅳ.语法填空
For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way 1.________(exercise). What may not be so great is seeing trash all over the ground.
Well, some people are doing something about it. They are plogging! “Plogging” 2.________(begin) in Sweden. The name combines the Swedish word “plocka”， 3.________ means to pick up, and the word “jogging” meaning to run slowly.
A Swedish man 4.________(name) Erik Ahlstr m, started the movement in 2016.On the World Environment Day website, he says that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in 5.________(north) Sweden. Each day he would ride his bike to work. He says he was concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day 6.________ his way to work. So, he took matters into his own hands. He began picking up the trash. And that is how plogging was born!
Plogging, by that term, may have 7.________(office) begun in Sweden. 8.________many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal 9.________(train) in Washington, D．C.He says that he would often pick up trash 10.________(run) outside. He even turned it into a game; he would try to pick up the trash without stopping.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了“Plogging”的历史起源以及发展。
1．解析：考查固定搭配。句意：对一些人来说，在户外散步或跑步是一种很好的锻炼方式。a way to do sth. “做某事的方法”，是固定搭配，故填to exercise。
答案：to exercise
2．解析：考查动词的时态。句意：“Plogging”起源于瑞典。描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填began。
答案：began
3．解析：考查定语从句。 3.________ means to pick up是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“plocka”，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
答案：which
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，一位名叫Erik Ahlstr m的瑞典男子发起了这项运动。A Swedish man和name之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填named。
答案：named
5．解析：考查形容词。该空修饰名词Sweden，应用形容词，故填northern。
答案：northern
6．解析：考查固定搭配。句意：他说，他很担心每天上班路上看到的垃圾的数量。on one's way to“去……的路上”，故填on。
答案：on
7．解析：考查副词。该空修饰动词begun，应用副词，故填officially。
答案：officially
8．解析：考查连词。句意：但许多在户外锻炼的人多年来一直这样做。文中表示转折关系且设空处位于句首，故填But。
答案：But
9．解析：考查名词。句意：他是华盛顿的一名私人教练。前面有冠词，该空需要填名词，故填trainer。
答案：trainer
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他说他在外面跑步时，经常捡垃圾。run的逻辑主语是he，它们之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作时间状语，故填running。
答案：running
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习课文见本书354页A TRAVEL JOURNAL ABOUT SAN FRANCISCO
基础 记忆
项目一　必会单词
Ⅰ.单词匹配
1．mission A．瓷；瓷器
2．district B．传教(区)；重要任务；使命
3．graffiti C．图解；图表；示意图；简图
4．comic D．地区；区域
5．china E．涂鸦；胡写乱画
6．diagram F．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员
答案：1.B　2.D　3.E　4.F　5.A　6.C
Ⅱ.核心单词
1．admit vi.&vt.承认　vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准许进入；承认
2．definitely adv.肯定；确实→definite adj.确定的；肯定的
3．occur vi.发生；出现→occurred (过去式)→occurred (过去分词)→occurrence n．发生的事情
4．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心
5．afterwards adv.以后；后来
6．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史
7．seek vt.&vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求→sought (过去式)→sought (过去分词)
8．immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨
9．select vt.挑选；选择；选拔→selection n．挑选；选择
10．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物
11．minority n．少数人；少数民族；少数派→majority n．多数；大多数→minor adj.较小的；次要的→major adj.重大的；主要的
12．escape vi.&vt.逃走；逃脱；避开　n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
1．动词＋ sion后缀变名词(有的动词需稍加变化)
permit→permission 允许
impress→impression 印象
express→expression 表情；表达
revise→revision 复习
2．与occur动词变化形式相同的单词
prefer→preferred→preferred→preferring 更喜欢
refer→referred→referred→referring 提到
Ⅲ.英英互译
1．admit A．to look for sth./sb.; to try to obtain or achieve sth.
2．occur B．a written record of the things you do, see, etc. every day
3．seek C．to choose sb./sth. from a group of people or things, usually according to a system
4．select D．to agree, often unwillingly, that sth. is true
5．journal E．to say that sth. is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it
6．claim F．to happen/to exist or be found somewhere
答案：1.D　2.F　3.A　4.C　5.B　6.E
Ⅳ.一词多义
claim v.
1．It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.A
2．The police say that if no one claims the watch, you can keep it.D
3．Because the accident had not been her fault, Barbara was able to claim damages.C
4．Hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives.B
Ⅴ.熟词生义
1．It is no surprise that he earned praise for his honesty.v.赢得；博得
2．She looks familiar, but her name escapes me.v.被忘掉
项目二　必记短语
1．head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去
2．seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3．earn a living 谋生
4．series of 一系列或一连串(事件)
5．apart from 除了……外(还)；此外
6．bring about 导致；引起
7．on top of 在……顶部
8．in fact 实际上
9．open up 开办
10．be home to 是……所在地/家园
“动词＋about”必备短语一览
bring about 引起，产生
care about 在意
complain about 抱怨
hear about 听说
know about 了解
talk about 谈论
think about 考虑
worry about 担心
项目三　教材原句
1．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥美景尽收眼底。
2．This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food.
这个地区过去是城镇的贫困地区，但现在它是艺术、音乐和美食中心。
3．I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.
我在街上漫步，转了几个小时，欣赏着街头艺术。
4．In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.
同年，(人们在)旧金山附近发现了黄金，从而掀起了一股淘金热。
课文 理解
Ⅰ.匹配段落大意
Para. 1 A．What I saw and experienced in the Mission District.
Para. 2 B．My good feeling and my strongest impressions of San Francisco back there.
Para. 3 C．Ending my day in Chinatown and my next day's plan.
Paras. 4&5 D．My learning about the history of San Francisco from a local museum.
答案：Para. 1—B　Para. 2—A　Para. 3—D　Paras. 4&5—C
Ⅱ.阅读课文选最佳选项
1．Before I came back in San Francisco, I visited ________.
A．the Golden Gate Bridge
B．Napa Valley
C．the Mission District
D．Chinatown
答案：B
2．When did the earthquake happen in the city of San Francisco
A．In 1906. B．In 1848.
C．In 1806. D．In 1948.
答案：A
3．Why did Chinese immigrants go to San Francisco
A．To enjoy scenery.
B．To call on relatives.
C．To earn money.
D．To receive further education.
答案：C
4．Where did the writer go for dinner
A．A Cantonese restaurant.
B．A jazz bar.
C．A shop.
D．A Mexican restaurant.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
After 1.camping(camp) in the Redwood Forest and visiting Napa Valley, Li Lan took a tour of San Francisco, which rebuilt 2.itself(it) after the earthquake that 3.occurred(occur) in 1906. In the morning, she walked around the Mission District, 4.where she looked at the street art and ate some delicious Mexican Chinese noodles. In the afternoon, she headed 5.to a local museum that showed the 6.historical(history) changes in California. She learnt that many 7.immigrants(immigrant) from different countries and cultures came to California during the gold rush and played 8.an important part in its 9.development(develop). Later in the evening she went to Chinatown and ate in a Cantonese restaurant. Now she is planning 10.to go(go) to a jazz bar in the Richmond District.
Ⅳ.佳句练习
1．找出下面佳句并翻译
I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.(心理描写)
翻译：我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
2．完成下列佳句并背诵
①I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
我在街上漫步，转了几个小时，欣赏着街头艺术。
②There were so many good cafés and restaurants to choose from.(不定式作后置定语)
这里有那么多很好的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。
Ⅴ.解读——长句难句分析
1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
[句式分析]　此句是复合句。what引导的是感叹句；第一个that引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词是a city，在从句中作主语；第二个that引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词是the earthquake，在从句中作主语。
[自主翻译]　这是一座多么伟大的城市——一座在1906年大地震后能够自我重建的城市。
2．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.
[句式分析]　此句是简单句/there be句型。many sitting on top of big hills是独立主格结构， many为sitting的逻辑主语；offering great views of the city...为现在分词短语作状语。
[自主翻译]　这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥美景尽收眼底。
3．In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.
[句式分析]　此句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，不能替换成that。
[自主翻译]　同年，(人们在)旧金山附近发现了黄金，从而掀起了一股淘金热。
词汇 精讲
1．admit vi.&vt.承认　vt.准许进入(或加入)
[教材原句]　I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again. 我必须承认，再一次回到这座城市的感觉确实很好。
[归纳拓展]
(1)admit to sth.承认/供认某事 admit (to) doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 admit to sb. that向某人承认 be admitted to/into被录取；允许进入 It is admitted that...人们公认…… (2)admission n．准许加入；承认；入场
[佳句背诵]
Being humorous and patient, Mr Cheng was admitted to be one of the best teachers.
既幽默又有耐心，程老师被认为是最好的老师之一。
(1)admit后跟动词 ing形式，但不能跟不定式作宾语。
(2)admit作“接纳，允许进入”讲时，与介词to/into搭配。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①He admitted taking/having taken(take) the money but promised never to do it again.
②Caroline sent the good news to her family the moment she got the admission(admit) notice.
完成句子
③I've decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to/into China Agricultural University.
我已经决定选择园艺作为我的专业并希望被中国农业大学录取。
④You must admit the task to be difficult/hard.
你得承认这项任务是艰巨的。
2．occur vi.发生；出现
[教材原句]　And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 这是一座多么伟大的城市——一座在1906年地震后能够自我重建的城市。
[归纳拓展]
(1)It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事。
occur to sb. 被想到；发生在某人身上
sth. occurs to sb.＝sth. strikes sb.＝es to sb.＝It occurs to sb.＋that＝It strikes sb.＋that＝It hits sb.＋that某人突然想起……
(2)occurrence n．发生；发生的事
[佳句背诵]
It occurred to him that Bernard could make some money by selling popcorn.
他突然想到伯纳德可以卖爆米花赚钱。
occur常与介词to搭配，相当于动词happen，不能用于被动语态。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①A bright idea suddenly occurred(occur) to the twins that they could make breakfast for their mother to celebrate Mother's Day.
完成句子
②When it comes to renewable energy, what occur_to_me are solar energy and wind energy.
当谈及可再生能源，我想到的是太阳能和风能。
一句多译
她突然想起她和老同学在咖啡馆有个约会。
③It_occurred_to_her_that she had an appointment with her old classmate at the café.(occur)
④It_struck_her_that she had an appointment with her old classmate at the café.(strike)
⑤It_hit_her_that she had an appointment with her old classmate at the café.(hit)
3．seek(sought；sought) vt.&vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
[教材原句]　Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. 30多万人从世界各地来到这儿寻找发迹的机会，旧金山很快就成了一座大城市。
[归纳拓展]
seek out 找出；搜出
seek (after/for) sth. 寻找某物；追求某物
seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek to do sth.(＝try/attempt to do sth.) 试图/企图做某事
seek shelter from rain 寻找避雨的地方
seek advice征求意见；请教
seek help寻求帮助；求
[佳句背诵]
Mike sought help from his friends when he was in trouble, but they turned him down.
迈克在遇到麻烦时向朋友们寻求帮助，但他们拒绝了他。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①He is a man who likes seeking after/for wealth and power.
②We seek to_help(help) every student discover the joy and fulfillment in the obtainment of knowledge.
完成句子
③Try to seek_out chances to renew friendships.
试着寻找机会来恢复友谊。
④The twins sought_to_make a delicious Mother's Day breakfast, but failed. Therefore, it occurred to them to seek_advice_from their beloved father.
这对双胞胎试图做一顿美味的母亲节早餐，但是失败了。因此，他们突然想起向他们亲爱的爸爸征求意见。
4．earn vt.&vi.赚得；挣得；赢得；博得
[教材原句]　To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开起了商店和餐馆。
[归纳拓展]
(1)earn money＝make money 挣钱
earn one's respect＝earn respect from sb. 赢得某人的尊敬
earn sb. respect/reputation 为某人赢得尊敬/名誉
earn one's living＝make a living 谋生
(2)earnings n．薪水；工资；收
[佳句背诵]
If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, an essay will earn a zero.
如果论文在到期后的第4天之前没有交上来，它将获得零分。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, unskilled workers saw their earnings(earn) fall.
完成句子
②When I came to the strange city, I began to give thought to what I would do to earn_my_living.
当我来到这座陌生的城市时，我开始考虑我要做些什么来谋生。
③Only by being respectful of others can we earn_their_respect.
只有尊重别人，我们才能赢得别人的尊重。
5．select vt.选择；挑选；选拔
[教材原句]　I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates. 我选了一家粤菜馆，他家用漂亮的陶瓷盘子盛菜。
[归纳拓展]
(1)select sb./sth. as/to be 挑选/选择……当/作为……
select sb. to do sth. 挑选/选择某人做某事
select...for... 为……而挑选……
select...from... 从……中挑选……
(2)selection n．选择；挑选；选拔
selective adj.选择性的；有选择的
selected adj.挑选出来的
[佳句背诵]
[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.
莱文和他的研究团队选择了年龄在45岁至64岁之间的志愿者，他们不怎么锻炼，但在其他方面都很健康。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The student was_selected(select) to design a poster for the exhibition.
②Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note taking is a selective(select) process.
③After a long walk，we selected a good place for our camp.
6．bring about 引起；产生；导致；带来
[教材原句]　What do you think brought about the cultural diversity 你认为是什么引起了文化多样性？
[归纳拓展]
bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
bring down 使倒下；降低；减少
bring in 带进来；赚得，有收入
bring out 取出；说出；阐明；出版
bring back 使想起
bring sth. back to life 使……恢复生机
[佳句背诵]
Pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain, and consequently to human health.
污染将威胁农业和食物链，进而威胁人类健康。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Smart parents should know how to bring up good children.
②The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
③The photographs often bring back to me many pleasant memories of my high school days.
④His laziness brought about his failure in the exam.
7．claim vt.&n.夺取(生命)；宣称；断言；索要
[教材原句]　Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake... 1906年旧金山地震夺去了3 000多人的生命……
[归纳拓展]
(1)claim one's life 夺去某人的生命
claim to do sth./that... 声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim sth. back索回某物，要回某物
It is claimed that... 有人主张……
(2)make a claim for sth. 要求；对……提出赔偿要求
lay claim to 据理力争；有权利去获得
[佳句背诵]
It is reported that the accident that happened yesterday claimed 100 lives.
据报道，昨天发生的事故夺去了100人的生命。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①He claimed to_be(be) the owner of the car.
②As the victim in the accident, I will make a claim for the injuries I suffered.
③Doctors claimed to_have_discovered(discover) a cure for the disease.
④You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged while shopping online.
完成句子
⑤It_was_claimed_that someone has seen an alien here.
据说有人在这里见过外星人。
8．apart from 除……之外(还)；此外
[教材原句]　Apart from being the kingdom of flowers，it is home to many ethnic minority groups. (云南)除了是花的王国以外，还是许多少数民族的居住地。
[归纳拓展]
take... apart 将……拆卸开；拆分
tell... apart 分辨出；辨别
set sb./sth. apart 使某人与众不同，使突出
[佳句背诵]
Everything was perfect apart from the weather.
除了天气以外，一切都很完美。
[易混辨析]
(1)apart from 不仅可以表示“除……以外”，还可表示“除……外还有”。既有besides的含义，又有except的含义。
(2)besides＝in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，常与also, more, other等连用。
(3)except/but“除……外(都)……”，常与all, every, no, none, nothing等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用。
(4)except for“除……以外”，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①I've finished apart from the last question.
完成句子
②Apart_from natural and cultural wonders, Hangzhou is also famous for its culinary delights.
除了自然和文化奇观外，杭州也因为美食烹饪而出名。
③Except_for the ending, it's a really good film.
除了结尾以外，这真的是一部好电影。
④He answered all the questions except/apart_from the last one.
除了最后一个，他回答了所有的问题。
9．minority n．少数派；少数人；少数民族
[教材原句]　Apart from being the kingdom of flowers，it is home to many ethnic minority groups. (云南)除了是花的王国以外，还是许多少数民族的居住地。
[归纳拓展]
(1)in the minority 占少数
a/the minority of＋n.少数……
(2)majority n．多数
in the majority 占大多数
(3)minor adj.较小的；次要的
[佳句背诵]
The Chinese nation includes 55 national minorities besides the Hans.
中华民族除汉族外，还有55个少数民族。
“a minority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可用第三人称单数形式，也可用复数形式。如：
Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days.
目前只有极少数同学对政治感兴趣。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①Only a_minority_of British households do not have a car.
只有少数英国家庭没有汽车。
②Male teachers are in_the_minority in primary schools.
在小学，男教师占少数。
③Small children often cry after a minor_bump.
小孩子们在轻微的碰撞后常常会哭。
10．escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露；被遗忘　n．逃脱；逃跑；解脱
[教材原句]　...I have to admit that it is the best district of China to escape the cold winter. ……我不得不承认这是中国最适合躲避寒冬的地区。
[归纳拓展]
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
escape one's attention/notice逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
[佳句背诵]
The wind blew and the beautiful balloon seemed like to try to escape.
风在吹，美丽的气球似乎要逃跑。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①It is said that he narrowly escaped being_killed(kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
②Only with the greatest of luck did he manage to escape from the rising flood water.
完成句子
③Last year I had_a_narrow_escape,_and I don't want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再拿生命冒险了。
句式　　精析
1．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. [教材原句]
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥美景尽收眼底。
[句式分析]
many sitting on top of big hills为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。
[归纳拓展]
(1)独立主格结构本身不是句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子，一般用逗号与句子主体部分隔开。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
(2)独立主格结构在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件或伴随等，相当于状语从句。其构成方式如下：
名词(代词)＋
[佳句背诵]
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Time permitting(permit), I shall go to the cinema with you.
②The workers worked still harder，their living conditions greatly improved(improve)．
完成句子
③Such_an_able_man_to_help_you,_you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。
④He came into the room, his_ears_red_with_cold.
他回到了房间里，耳朵冻红了。
2．I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.[教材原句]
我在街上漫步，转了几个小时，欣赏着街头艺术。
[句式分析]
looking at the street art for a few hours是一个现在分词短语，在句中作状语，表示伴随的情况。
[归纳拓展]
(1)现在分词短语作伴随状语，所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系。
(2)另外，现在分词短语在句中还可作时间、原因、结果状语等
[佳句背诵]
Mary sobbed, hiding her face in her hands.
玛丽掩面啜泣。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Holding(hold) the money I earned through hard work, I couldn't contain my joy.
完成句子
②Feeling_ill,_Jane decided to go to bed early.
因为感觉不舒服，简决定早点睡觉。
③She lay in bed staring_at the last leaf on the tree.
她躺在床上，眼睛盯着那棵树上最后一片叶子。
达标　　练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Only after he was taken to the teachers' office did he admit(承认) breaking the window.
2．It occurred(猛然想起) to her that she had been here before.
3．They should seek(寻求) advice on how to project a more positive image of their company.
4．If you want to try some new learning methods, you'd better select(选择) those that are proper for yourself.
5．He claims(声称) that he has got one of the earliest British stamps, but nobody believes him.
6．Artistic people are in a tiny minority(少数) in this country.
7．The hotel guests tried their best to escape(逃走) from the burning building.
8．I don't know what it was that did the trick, but I am definitely(肯定) feeling much better.
9．News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district(地区)．
10．Having been an immigrant(移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job.
Ⅱ.短语填空
claim to； escape from； apart from； earn one's living； seek after； occur to； be admitted as
1．I was_admitted_as a member of the League when I was in my junior school.
2．It never occurred_to me that he was the right man in the right place.
3．We shouldn't seek_after comfort, personal fame or gain.
4．The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn_his_living after graduation.
5．Several local residents claimed_to have seen a monster in the lake.
6．Apart_from blue eyes, blonde hair is also typical of Swedish people.
7．The fire spread quickly in the hotel, but everyone was able to escape_from it.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He admitted_breaking/having_broken the school rules and willingly accepted punishment.
他承认违反了校规，心甘情愿地接受了惩罚。
2．It_occurred_to_me to visit my parents.
我突然想去探望父母。
3．I used_to_smoke,_but I gave it up two years ago.
我以前抽烟，但两年前就戒了。
4．You were lucky to escape_punishment/being_punished.
你逃避了惩罚，真幸运。
5．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture，all his attention fixed_upon it.
吉姆在专心致志地听着讲座，他所有的注意力都集中在讲座上面了。
课时作业(十)　Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.词汇语境练
1．He kept a journal(日记) during his visit to Japan.
2．This music would sound more ethnic(具有民族特色的) if you played it in steel drums.
3．Which place in the world would you select(挑选) as your perfect home
4．They claimed(声称) to have given him money.
5．He thought his mission(使命) in his life was to help others.
6．The prisoners tried to escape(逃跑) from prison last night, but failed.
7．They sought to get into the club but were refused admission(admit)．
8．His purpose is to gather as great a diversity(diverse) of materials as possible.
9．The team will definitely(definite) lose if he doesn't play.
10．In our class, children from the countryside are only a small minority(minor)．
Ⅱ.固定用法练
1．It is impossible for Tom to recover in such a short time.
2．They narrowly escaped being_killed(kill) in the fire.
3．A good idea occurred to me while I was making fortune cookies.
4．We seek to_find(find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
5．He claims to_retire(retire) next month because of his poor health.
6．Apart from what he said, what he did has given us a great deal of help.
7．His being careless brought about the terrible car accident.
8．I had the good fortune to be selected as manager of the company.
9．There's always one song that brings back your old memories.
10．As a man, you should have the courage to admit making/having_made(make) mistakes.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal(信号)．Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize(强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time on “small talks”， usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and started a lively discussion；instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment(多元文化环境) will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，并说明了要加强理解和认识。
1．In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to ________.
A．develop lasting relationships
B．share the same culture
C．get to know each other
D．keep each other company
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.”可知，在餐馆吃饭或在咖啡厅喝咖啡比在办公室更容易建立持久的工作关系。故选A项。
答案：A
2．The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that ________.
A．the English prefer to make long speeches
B．too many words are of no use
C．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature
D．even talk and silence can be culturally different
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.”可知，作者想说明的是谈话和沉默也有文化上的差异。故选D项。
答案：D
3．According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better
A．By sharing different ways of life.
B．By accepting different habits.
C．By recognizing different values.
D．By speaking each other's language.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However，if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment(多元文化环境) will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.”可知，来自不同文化的人想相互理解，要通过理解不同的文化价值观。故选C项。
答案：C
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．A Multicultural Environment
B．Cross cultural Differences
C．How to Understand Each Other
D．How to Build Up a Relationship
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，并说明了要加强理解和认识。因此用“Cross cultural Differences(跨文化差异)”作标题最佳。故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅳ.七选五
[2023·全国甲卷]
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer. __1__.
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
·Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. __2__. “Showing thankfulness can foster self control，” said Ye Li, a researcher at the University of California.
·Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. __3__. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
·__4__
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “__5__.” You'll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
1．解析：根据上文“Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer.”可知，此处说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始”这些情况可知，都需要耐心。G项“这些都是我们需要一点额外的耐心的情况”符合语境。故选G项。
答案：G
2．解析：根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.”以及下文“‘Showing thankfulness can foster self control，’ said Ye Li，a researcher at the University of California.”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，下文继续说明感恩的好处。设空处衔接上下文，应是与感恩相关的内容。E项中的It指代上文的“Thankfulness”。E项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
答案：E
3．解析：根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.”以及下文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”可知，下文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，B项“从小任务开始”符合语境。故选B项。
答案：B
4．解析：结合上文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本题答案在A、B、C三项中选择。本段中的“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，可知本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C项中的uncomfortable对应下文的comfortable。C项“接受不舒服”符合语境。故选C项。
答案：C
5．解析：根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself”以及下文“You'll then gradually become more patient.”并结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态可知，此处对自己所说的话应与接受不舒服相关，F项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境。故选F项。
答案：F
Ⅴ.完形填空
Standing on the top of Mount Tai, I watched the sun rising through the cloud and taking its place in the sky. I haven't seen many __1__， but I can feel that seeing one from the top of Mount Tai must be one of the best ways to __2__ the beauty of nature.
When I left for China, the __3__ of climbing Mount Tai had not even __4__ me. I was going to China to __5__ its language, history and culture and gain a better understanding of international agricultural trade between my country and China.
Now I have stayed in China for a few weeks. In Beijing, my group have __6__ friendship with many Chinese students. Through our broken Chinese and their __7__ English, we are still able to teach each other about our cultures. We __8__ that we are all just students working towards the same __9__ of having careers, families and lives and trying to make the world better. Cultural differences seem __10__—even the language almost completely differs from our own. But their daily lives are similar to our own routines(常规). __11__， people worry about the same things we do here. They are __12__ food safety, pay close attention to the government and feel the effects of the economic markets.
This __13__ makes me realise how many cultures my country has in common with other countries around the world. More importantly, it makes me __14__ for travel, and I am looking forward to having more __15__ to engage in cross－cultural communication and learning.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到中国的旅行让作者对旅行产生了渴望，并期待有更多的机会进行跨文化交流和学习。
1．A.clouds B．sunrises
C．mountains D．tops
解析：根据上文“Standing on the top of Mount Tai，I watched the sun rising through the cloud and taking its place in the sky.”可知，此处指看日出。cloud云；sunrise日出；mountain山；top顶部。故选B。
答案：B
2．A.describe B．select
C．imagine D．experience
解析：根据上文“but I can feel that seeing one from the top of Mount Tai must be one of the best ways to”及下文“the beauty of nature”可知，作者认为从泰山顶上看日出一定是体验大自然的美的最好方式之一。describe描写；select挑选；imagine想象；experience体验。故选D。
答案：D
3．A.thought B．aim
C．mission D．origin
解析：根据下文“of climbing Mount Tai had not even __4__ me”可知，此处指作者去爬泰山的想法。thought想法；aim 目的；mission任务；origin起源。故选A。
答案：A
4．A.belonged to B．occurred to
C．fallen to D．turned to
解析：根据空处所在句“of climbing Mount Tai had not even __4__ me”可知，作者没有想过要去爬泰山。occur to sb. 为固定搭配，意为“某人想起”。belong to属于；occur to突然想到；fall to落到……身上；turn to向……求助。故选B。
答案：B
5．A.discover B．study
C．spread D．update
解析：根据下文“its language, history and culture”可知，作者到中国是为了学习中国的语言、历史和文化。discover发现；study学习；spread传播；update更新。故选B。
答案：B
6．A.developed B．sought
C．kept D．showed
解析：根据下文“friendship with many Chinese students”可知，作者的团队成员与许多中国学生建立了友谊。develop发展；seek寻找；keep保留；show展示。故选A。
答案：A
7．A.spoken B．brief
C．poor D．unique
解析：根据上文“Through our broken Chinese”可知，与作者交流的中国学生英语不好。spoken口语的；brief简短的；poor不熟练的；unique独一无二的。故选C。
答案：C
8．A.assume B．claim
C．realise D．expect
解析：根据下文“that we are all just students working towards the same __9__ of having careers, families and lives and trying to make the world better”可知，作者一行和中国学生意识到他们之间有共同的东西。assume假设；claim声称；realise意识到；expect期望。故选C。
答案：C
9．A.chance B．reason
C．function D．goal
解析：根据下文“of having careers, families and lives and trying to make the world better”可知，这些是他们共同的目标。chance机会；reason原因；function功能；goal目标。故选D。
答案：D
10．A.amazing B．striking
C．powerful D．terrible
解析：根据下文“even the language almost completely differs from our own”可知，文化差异很显著。amazing令人惊讶的；striking显著的；powerful有力的；terrible可怕的。故选B。
答案：B
11．A.Besides B．Otherwise
C．However D．Anyhow
解析：根据上文“But their daily lives are similar to our own routines(常规)．”可知，空前和空后都是在介绍他们的共同之处。besides此外；otherwise否则；however然而；anyhow无论如何。此处应用besides，表示“此外”。故选A。
答案：A
12．A.addicted to B．confused about
C．used to D．concerned about
解析：根据下文“food safety，pay close attention to the government and feel the effects of the economic markets”可知，他们关心食品安全问题。be addicted to沉迷于； be confused about对……感到困惑；be used to习惯于；be concerned about对……关心。故选D。
答案：D
13．A.adventure B．course
C．climbing D．journey
解析：根据第二段提到的“When I left for China”以及下文“for travel”可知，此处指到中国的这次旅行。adventure冒险；course课程；climbing攀爬；journey旅行。故选D。
答案：D
14．A.eager B．energetic
C．beautiful D．tired
解析：根据下文“I am looking forward to having more __15__ to engage in cross－cultural communication and learning”可知，作者对旅行产生了渴望，期待能有更多机会去进行跨文化交流和学习。eager渴望的；energetic精力充沛的；beautiful美丽的；tired累的。故选A。
答案：A
15．A.effects B．measures
C．opportunities D．applications
解析：根据空处所在句“I am looking forward to having more __15__ to engage in cross－cultural communication and learning”可知，作者期待能有更多机会去进行跨文化交流和学习。effect效果；measure措施；opportunity机会；application申请。故选C。
答案：C
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
基础　　记忆
项目一　必会单词
Ⅰ.单词匹配
1．Atlantic　 A．配饰；附件；配件
2．mushroom B．牛仔裤
3．accessory C．大西洋的
4．jeans D．蘑菇；蕈
答案：1.C　2.D　3.A　4.B
Ⅱ.核心单词
1．financial adj.财政的，财务的，金融的→finance n．金融；财经
2．poetry n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→poem n．诗→poet n．诗人
3．boot n．靴子
4．poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素　vt.毒死；毒害
5．fold vt.包；裹；折叠　vt.&vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→folded adj.折叠的→unfold(反义词)vt.打开
6．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品
7．percentage n．百分率；百分比
名词＋ ous后缀变形容词(有的名词需稍加变化)
mountain→mountainous 多山的
danger→dangerous 危险的
poison→poisonous 有毒的
adventure→adventurous 冒险的
nerve→nervous 紧张的
项目二　必记短语
1．leave out 遗漏；省略
2．hear of 听说
3．check out 核实；结账离开
4．depend on/upon 依靠；取决于
1．v.＋sb.＋of sth. 结构
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人的某东西
2．“动词＋of”必备短语
think of 想到
consist of 由……组成
approve of 赞成
die of 死于……
talk/speak of 谈到
hear of 听说
项目三　教材原句
1．In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.
在瀑布的后面，你会发现一个洞穴，那是孙悟空的家。
2．Justin met a new friend while_travelling_in_Guizhou.
贾斯汀在贵州旅游时遇见了一位新朋友。
词汇　　精讲
1．fold vt.折叠；包；裹　vt.&vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平
[教材原句]　I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.
我真的很喜欢那本折纸书，我儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。
[归纳拓展]
(1)fold (sth.) up 折叠(某物)
fold sth. in half 把某物对折
fold away/down 折小，叠平
fold one's arms 双臂交叉在胸前
(2)unfold v．(使)展开；打开；(使)逐渐展现
[佳句背诵]
He stood by the window, folding his arms and looking into the distance.
他站在窗子旁边，交叉着双臂，眼睛望着远处。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①As the story unfolds(fold) we learn more about Max's childhood.
完成句子
②She folded_the_letter_in_half and put it into her pocket.
她把信对折起来放进了口袋。
③He folded_up_his_umbrella as he entered the room.
他一进屋就收起了雨伞。
④He listened attentively with_his_arms_folded across his chest and his eyes fixed on mine.
他手臂交叉在胸前，望着我的眼睛，专心听着。
2．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
[教材原句]　Find out which words have been left out. 找出哪些单词被漏掉了。
[归纳拓展]
(1)leave... alone 不管；不理会；不干涉
leave aside 搁置一边
leave behind 留下；忘事；遗
leave for 动身到(某处)
leave off 停止；不包括
leave sb. doing 让某人一直处于某种状态
(2)leave n．休假；假期；许可
on leave 休假
ask for leave 请假
[佳句背诵]
His name is left out of the membership list.
他的名字从会员名单中划掉了。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①He left behind his handbag on the train.
②Don't leave out the key points while delivering the speech.
③Don't leave your child watching(watch) TV all day.
3．check out 了解清楚；核实；办理退房手续；结账后离开
[教材原句]　I'll definitely check it out. 我一定要去看看。
[归纳拓展]
check off核对；清点
check on检查；核实(是否一切正常)
check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记；报到
check into登记入住(旅馆或私立医院
[佳句背诵]
They packed and checked out of the hotel.
他们收拾好东西，办理了退房手续。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Here's your room key and you should check out before 12：00.
②Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight.
③We'll check on the plane before it leaves.
4．recommend vt.推荐；建议
[教材原句]　And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. 我强烈推荐少数民族村落。
[归纳拓展]
(1)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
recommend sb. sth. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sth. to sb. 把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb. as... 推荐某人为……
(2)recommendation n．推荐；介绍
[佳句背诵]
I recommend you to obey safety regulations.
我劝你遵守安全规则。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Eye doctors make a recommendation(recommend) that a child's first eye exam (should)_be(be) at the age of six months.
②We'd recommend you to_book(book) your flight early.
③I would like to recommend Li Hua as the leader of the basketball club.
④He recommended reading(read) the book before seeing the movie.
5．depend on 依靠；依赖
[教材原句]　He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of... 他被告知价格将取决于……的百分比。
[归纳拓展]
(1)depend on/upon sb./sth. to do/doing sth.依靠/指望……做某事
depend on it that... 指望；相信
(2)depend on＝rely on＝count on 依靠
(3)That depends./It (all) depends. 视情况而定
[佳句背诵]
Whether we can go or not depends on parents' wishes.
我们是否能去，取决于父母的意愿。
depend on后面不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，通常要用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在后面。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①How much sleep you need depends a lot on/upon your age.
②He depends on his parents to_take/taking(take) care of his children.
③We can depend on it that he will arrive here on time.
④The effects of gossip vary depending(depend)

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