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(共31张PPT)
Learning About Language
Unit 2
Bridging Cultures
教学目标
Students will grasp the structure and usage of noun clauses and accurately apply them in different sentence types.
1
Students will enhance their ability to analyze and use noun clauses, and develop strategies for independent grammar learning.
2
教学重难点
01
02
Master the usage rules of different types of noun clauses, especially the correct selection of guiding words and the application of declarative word order.
Distinguish between noun clauses and other similar clause structures, and correctly use noun clauses in complex and context - specific situations.
01
Build up your vocabulary
Think of a word that best fits each definition and complete the crossword puzzle.
1. to remember sth
2. to accept, admit, or recognise sth or the truth/existence of sth
3. the process of changing sth or yourself
to suit a new situation
4. to make sb feel less worried or unhappy
5. a strong desire to achieve sth
6. an exam you have passed or a course
you have successfully completed
7. to mention sth as an example
8. containing many different parts and often difficult to understand
9. to be actively involved with sth
recall
acknowledge
adaptation
comfort
m b i t i o n
q u i f i c a t i o
c i e
c m p l x
e g a g e
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words from the unit. The first letter of each word is given.
1. Despite his poor living conditions, he remained actively e_______ in his scientific research.
2. As an outgoing girl, she was always ready to p_________ in the activities her college offered.
3. Actively getting i________ in various social activities is the best
way to overcome culture shock.
4. “I used to study in this university twenty years ago, and there were not many international students then,” my tutor r_______.
5. A_________ to a new culture can be difficult. However, you need to step out of your comfort zone. Remember: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
ngaged
articipate
nvolved
ecalled
dapting
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. How did the student’s life change when studying abroad for the first time
ambitious recall qualification accommodation feel at home
A year ago, I came to the University of Birmingham to obtain a business _____________. Since then I’ve been living in university _____________ with other international students, which allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
The first few weeks there were absolutely overwhelming because everything was so different compared to things back home. I felt confused and lost. I also suffered from homesickness, _________ all sorts of things back home—from my mother’s cooking to the neighbour’s dog I used to walk.
qualification
accommodation
recalling
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. How did the student’s life change when studying abroad for the first time
ambitious recall qualification accommodation feel at home
Gradually, I adapted to my new life as an international student. I got familiar with the place — the local shops, clubs, and parks. I made friends and became more confident in my studies day by day. I started _______________________. in this new environment. I became more motivated, and I’m also a lot more ___________ now! I feel that coming here was the best decision I have ever made.
to feel/feeling at home
ambitious
02
Discover useful structures
Try to translate the following common sayings.
Believe what you see.
What goes around comes around.
The fact that money can't buy happiness is well-known.
It is what it is.
事情就是这样。
眼见为实。
因果循环，报应不爽。
金钱买不到幸福，
这是众所周知的。
表语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
1. 定义：在英语句子结构中，当主语、宾语、表语或同位语等原本由名词或名词短语充当的成分，由一个完整句子来充当时，这个句子被称为名词性从句。这类从句本质上具有名词的语法功能，需通过引导词与主句连接，且从句内部必须使用陈述句语序（引导词 + 主语 + 谓语）。
名词性从句的
定义与分类
2. 分类
连接词
1. 连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2. 连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3. 连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句中充当主语的从句（可直接放句首）。
When the meeting will start has not been decided yet.
Why he left in a hurry is still a mystery.
Whichever team wins the match will represent our school in the finals.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It seems that he has misunderstood my words.
3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略，仅起连接作用（不充当从句成分）。
That she can speak three foreign languages impresses her classmates..
主语从句
注意：
1.主语从句通常位于句首，当主语较长时放在后面，句首使用it做形式主语。但是当主语从句由 what, who 等疑问词引导时，通常不使用形式主语，需直接置于句首。
2.当主语从句引导词为that时虽无意义，但是不可以省略。
3.主语从句不能使用if引导。
4.主语从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词通常用单数形式。但是当 what 引导的主语从句表示 “多个对象或内容” 时，谓语动词可用复数。
宾语从句
1. 宾语从句在复合句中作动词、介词或形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
I hope (that) everything is all right.
2. 介词后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether
I'm interested in what you’ve said.
3. whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。
I wonder whether he will come.
=I wonder if he will come.
但下面情况不能互换。
宾语从句
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
Please let me know whether you want to go.
(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)　
③宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用，就不能换成if。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。不能换成if。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
表语从句
1. 表语从句在复合句中充当表语成分，紧跟在系动词之后，用于解释主语的性质、内容或状态。
常见系动词
表语从句
2. that 的不可省略性：that 引导表语从句时，不可省略，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分。
His decision is that everyone should submit a report by Friday.
（that 不可删，表明决定的内容）
3. 特殊疑问词：what/when/where 等特殊疑问词引导表语从句时，既连接句子，又在从句中充当成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。
This is what I want to say.
（what 作 say 的宾语）
表语从句
4. whether 的使用：表 “是否” 含义时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。
The problem is whether we have enough time.（if 不可替代 whether）
5. 其他引导词：as if/as though（表 “好像”，常用于虚拟或类比）、because（表原因，但需注意与其他结构的区别）。
He looks as if he didn't sleep last night.（虚拟语气，用 as if 引导）
6. 避免逻辑错误：表语从句需确保前后逻辑一致，避免成分重复。
错误：The reason is because he was late.（reason 与 because 语义重复）
正确：The reason is that he was late. 或 Because he was late, he missed the meeting.
同位语从句
1. 在复合句中，同位语从句是对某一名词进行进一步解释说明的从句，其功能是阐述该名词的具体内容，相当于名词的 “同位语”。这类从句通常位于抽象名词之后，通过引导词与先行词连接，且从句内部结构完整。
2. 常见的抽象名词
fact (事实) idea(想法) reason(原因) thought(想法)order(命令) doubt (怀疑) news(消息) hope(希望)
truth(真实) belief(信念) suggestion(建议) advice(建议)
view(观点) promise(承诺) request(要求) proposal(提议/建议) demand(要求) question(问题)
Summary
连接词 意义 充当成分 是否可省略
从属连词 that
whether as if/though because 连接代词 who/whom 主语、宾语、表语或定语 不可省略
whose what which 连接副词 when 状语 不可省略
where why how 无意义
不充当成分
不可省略
是否
好像
因为
谁
谁的
什么
哪一个
什么时候
哪里
为什么
怎么样
03
Exercise
Study the sentences below and mark the noun clauses. What is the function of each noun clause in the sentences
1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.
2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
3. It’s important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.
作主语
作主语
作表语
真正的主语
形式主语
Combine each pair of sentences using the words in brackets.
1. The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. His words were quite helpful to May. (what)
2. Students have to write countless research papers as part of their coursework. This was not something that Chen Hao was ready for. (that)
3. Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm This is the question. (who)
4. Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. This is an advantage of studying abroad. (that)
5. Schools in the States are quite multicultural, with students and teachers from many different ethnic backgrounds. This impressed Liu Yang. (It ... that)
6. Should she stick to her own way of life or follow the American way This is her confusion. (whether)
Combine each pair of sentences using the words in brackets.
1. What the advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad was quite helpful to May.
2. That students have to write countless research papers as part of their coursework was not something that Chen Hao was ready for.
3. The question is who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
4. An advantage of studying abroad is that exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.
5. It impressed Liu Yang that schools in the States are quite multicultural, with students and teachers from many different ethnic backgrounds.
6. Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
Complete the passage with A-D from the box. What other things do you think might attract international students to China
After just a few months in China, Leon, an exchange student from Germany, says that he has fallen in love with Chinese culture. ________ was the Chinese food. He couldn’t believe how many different kinds of Chinese food there are! Something else he found impressive was ______. Then there’s China’s colourful culture, from art to music, and from calligraphy to literature.________ remains an important goal for him, as he is truly fascinated by it. Leon is also amazed by the convenience of cashless payments in China. He can go outside without any need for cash—all he needs is his mobile phone! The biggest reason why he loves China, however, is ________. He has made great friends here—friends that he will still remember long after his departure.
A
B
C
D
It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
The professor’s belief ________ all students can succeed if given enough support has inspired generations of learners.
I have no idea ________ made him change his mind at the last minute, considering how determined he was before.
The true value of a man is not in ________ he has, but in what he is, as the saying goes.
The fact ________ he was late for three consecutive days raised concerns among his colleagues, who wondered ________ had happened to him.
whether
what
what
that
that
what
________ strikes me most in the movie is the father’s deep love for his son, which transcends time and space.
We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.
The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant, but the question was ________ we could find the right person for the job.
It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office when he was about to drive home.
What
that
where
that
that
04
Homework
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
汇报时间：20XX年XX月XX日
See you next class!

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