资源简介

(共30张PPT)
Unit 1
Science and
Scientists
Reading and Thinking
Master key vocabulary and sentence patterns related to scientific research, and use them to accurately express ideas.
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2
3
4
教学目标
Learn effective reading strategies, and apply them to extract relevant information from similar scientific texts independently.
Grasp the historical context of John Snow's cholera research, and recognize the importance of scientific advancement.
Analyze John Snow's research process critically, and develop logical thinking and problem - solving abilities.
教学重难点
01
02
Focus on guiding students to grasp key language points, analyze the logical structure of the text, and understand the scientific research process and its cultural background presented in the reading materials.
Overcome challenges in using complex language structures accurately, conducting in - depth critical thinking about scientific research methods described, and integrating cultural understanding into language application.
01
Reading
Watch videos to understand the hazards of cholera.
Look at the title and pictures. What might be talked about in the text
Who
How
What
The text is mainly about ________________ and ________ he defeated king cholera.
John Snow
how
Skimming for the structure.
Para.1
Para. 2
Para. 4
Para. 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map.
Truth of the infection of cholera
Snow's contributions
Para. 3
Read para.1 and find the information.
Read para.1 again and answer the question.
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Why was John Snow's determination to defeat cholera unwavering despite his rise to fame and attending to Queen Victoria
Because as a young doctor, he was frustrated that no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera, and he had a strong desire to solve this problem that had plagued the world, which led to his persistent determination.
Read para.2 and answer the question.
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
two contradictory theories
Bad air caused the disease.
Cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
Snow subscribed to the second theory.
Read para.2 again and answer the question.
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Why did John Snow start to investigate during the cholera outbreak in 1854 in London despite already subscribing to the correct theory about cholera's cause
Because although he believed the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water was correct, he still needed proof. The severe cholera outbreak in certain streets provided an opportunity for him to find evidence to support his belief.
Read para.3 and find the information.
Snow began by _______________ the places where people _______________
marking on a map
who died had lived
Think of a method
· ____________ near the water pump in Broad Street.
· Some households had had no ______; these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street and had not ___________________________.
· Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
Multiple deaths
deaths
drunk the water from the pump
A woman and her daughter had died of ____________________________________; she had ____________________ delivered to her house every day.
cholera after moving away from Broad Street
The pump water _________________.
the water from the pump
carried cholera germs
______________________________ so that it could not be used; the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Have the handle of the pump removed
Solution
Find supporting evidence
Conclusion
Collect data and analyse the results
Read para.3 again and answer the question.
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
How did the contrasting cases of Broad Street households and the relocated woman support John Snow's hypothesis about the cholera source
No-death households: Drank free beer (not pump water), avoided cholera → linked pump water to infection.
Relocated woman: Continued using pump water after moving → died of cholera →confirmed pump water as germ carrier.
Read para.4 and find the information.
Comparison Dimension Specific Situation
Broad Street Pump Water Issue Water from the Broad Street pump had _____________________.
London Water Companies' Source Some companies sold River Thames water ___________________.
Water Consumption & Cholera People drinking polluted water were much more likely to _________.
Comparison Group Those who drank pure or boiled water had ______ cholera risk.
been infected by waste
polluted by raw waste
get cholera
lower
Read para.4 again and answer the question.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
What evidence did John Snow use to establish the link between cholera and contaminated water, and how did he compare different water sources
Broad Street pump：Water infected by waste → direct cholera source.
Thames water companies：Sold raw waste-polluted water → higher cholera risk vs. pure/boiled water drinkers.
Read para. 5 and find the information.
Read para.5 again and answer the question.
Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists
study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
How did John Snow's approach to studying cholera differ from traditional methods of his time, and what long-term scientific advancements can be attributed to his work
Difference：Used spatial mapping (marked deaths on a map) and statistical analysis of water consumption patterns, unlike vague "bad air" theories.
Long-term impact：Established data-driven, evidence-based methods in epidemiology → transformed disease research into a systematic science.
Read the passage again and complete the chart below.
It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in ___________.
Snow ______________ the places where the people who ______ had lived.
Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street.
Some people _____ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ____________
The pump water carried ______________.
The ________
of the pump was
removed.
air
food or water
marked on a map
died
water pump
hadn't
drinking water
from the pump.
cholera germs
handle
A
B
C
D
E
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
1 conclusion____ 2 evidence_____ 3 process_____ 4 solution______ 5 theories_____
D
E
B
A
C
Write out the questions according to the answers.
1 Q: What______________________
A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.
2 Q: Why__________________________________________
A: Snow had the handle from the pump removed so that it could not be used.
3 Q: How_____________________________
A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.
caused the cholera
did Snow have the handle of the pump removed
was the cholera threat defeated
02
Language points
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severe weather 恶劣的天气　
severe test 严峻的考验　
severe disease 严重的疾病
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
severity n. 严重；严厉
1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的；严厉的;苛刻的
The ________ of the problem surprised everyone.
练习：
severity
die away (声音、风或光) 逐渐消失
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
die of 因……而死(疾病、过度悲伤等内部原因)
die out 灭绝；消失
by dying for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/ 做某事
death n. 死亡
dead adj. 死去的
2. die from 死于(某种外部原因)
The patient died ______ severe injuries caused by the car accident.
练习：
from
subscribe to 订阅
subscribe to the view/theory 同意观点/理论
subscribe for 预定;认购
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
take out a subscription 办理订阅
cancel/ renew a subscription 退订/ 续订
3. subscribe vt.认购(股份);定期交纳(会费);同意;捐助
Annual ______________ costs $50.
练习：
subscription
suspect sb/sth of... 怀疑某人/某事……
suspect sb of doing... 怀疑某人做……
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
suspect that + 从句 怀疑……
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
4. suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人
The _________ was arrested near the crime scene.
练习：
suspect
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for 应承担……的责任；因……该受责备
accept/ bear/ take blame for 对某事负责；承担责任
put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上
【提示】sb. be to blame for sth意为“某人应为某事负责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
5. blame v.责备; 指责; 把……归咎于 n.责任; 责备; 指责
Who is ____________ for the delay
练习：
to blame
03
Exercise
It's not Tom but you that are ___________(blame) for the traffic accident.
That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn't blame the accident _____ her.
The number of people riding motorcycles without helmets is _____ the decrease.
___________ (consequent), this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.
The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _____________ (transform).
It is a word with __________(multiply) meanings.
to blame
on
transformation
Consequently
multiple
on
04
Homework
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
See you next class!

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