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2025届上海市奉贤区奉城高级中学高三下学期5月模拟练习英语试题
一、语法填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Do We Need Dictionaries
Have you heard of “snain” Don’t bother 1 (look) for it in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. The word, meaning “a mix of snow and rain,” never appeared in the dictionary.Living Language
Some 1,000 new words or usages join the English language each year. Some go into the dictionary, while 2 fade from use. “Our language is a living thing,” Jim Lowe, 3 editor at Merriam-Webster, explains. “It keeps 4 (grow).”
Merriam-Webster first published the Collegiate Dictionary in 1898. Since then, at least 100,000 words 5 (add). As the word changes, we need new words to describe it.
The dictionary’s editors look in everything from brochures to comic books 6 the latest lingo (行话). New words go on cards that note when and 7 they first appaered. Dictionary update
Lowe reviews these words for the edition’s annual update. Every 10 years, the dictionary changes a lot. Lowe and the other editors review the one million or so new terms they 8 (find). About 10,000 make it in. For a word to be added, it 9 show up regularly in a lot of places.
Lowe is no longer surprised by the words 10 he finds. “When I first saw spam (香火腿，现指垃圾邮件)，I thought it was unusual,” he says. “It is hard to associate meat with e-mail,”But there it i now on page 1,195, in black and white.
二、选词填空
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．unspecific B．create C．unique D．definition
E.hopefully F.interacted G.greatly H.significance
I.map J.benefit K.completed
What makes you the way you are Why do you look like that The answer is genes. They are the very things that make you 11 and different from all of the millions of other people on the planet.
Scientists have carried out a huge amount of research on genes to 12 everyone in the future.
The Human Genome Project, which began in 1990, is an international research effort to 13 all the genes in the human chromosome (染色体). And it will 14 be able to put in order all the DNA base pairs (碱基对) that make up these genes one day.
Scientists involved in this project, who are from six different countries, finally printed a draft of the human genome map in 2000.
But what is the 15 of the final result
The major hope of such great efforts is new treatments for diseases.
The genome map, when 16 , will enable scientists to understand the genetic causes for hundreds of diseases — from diabetes to heart disease.
The result of the research will also help scientists to 17 drugs specific to a patient’s genetic profile (特征), increasing effectiveness while 18 reducing side effects.
The genome map will change our very 19 of disease. Using the knowledge of the genome to treat diseases may replace 20 categories with exact genetic definitions. This will enable doctors to make a sure diagnosis and to treat patients quickly.
In fact, the results of the research of individual genes that we already know have already begun to make cancer treatment more effective.
三、完形填空
Misery and setbacks are not always as terrible as one imagines. Hard times can offer 21 ways off looking at life that would 22 never be known And, if you are a writer, this can be the source of much of your 23 .
Popular British author, Charles Dickens’ (1812-1870) family could hardly 24 . They could only afford to send one of their six children to school. Dickens was not that child.
His parents chose to send a daughter, who had a talent for music, to an academy. Then at the age of 12, Dickens’ life took another turn for the 25 .
His father, a clerk, was placed in 26 for unpaid debts. And, being the oldest male left at home, Dickens took up work at a factory. His 27 experience there became the 28 for his future writing.
His father was freed three months later and inherited a small amount of money. Dickens was then sent to school.
From 1836 to 1837, he wrote a monthly series of stories. 29 the Pickwick Papers, came into being, which brought fame to the 23-year-old man.
Throughout his career, Dickens 30 various situations in his novels. He wrote about the miserable lives of the poor in Oliver Twist, the French Revolution in Tale of Two Cities, and social reform in Hard Times. He also wrote David Copperfield, a book thought to be modeled on his own life.
“I do not write bitterly or angrily: 31 I know all these things have worked together to make me what I am,”he once said.
His difficult childhood did indeed 32 the person he became, as well as his writing career. There are shades of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters, including David Copperfield and Oliver Twist.
Like the author, all these characters come from poor beginnings and are able to 33 above their setbacks and achieve success.
“Minds, like bodies, will often 34 an ill-conditioned state from too much comfort,” he once wrote.
On June 9th, 1870, aged 58, Dickens died, leaving one unfinished work．The words on his tombstone read: “He was a sympathizer to the poor, the 35 and the oppressed, and by his death, one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.”
21．A．new B．different C．effective D．similar
22．A．instead B．otherwise C．moreover D．therefore
23．A．experience B．business C．success D．happiness
24．A．make a profit B．make a fortune C．make it through D．make ends meet
25．A．worse B．better C．bigger D．smaller
26．A．room B．prison C．hotel D．office
27．A．complicated B．religious C．horrible D．direct
28．A．interest B．imagination C．feeling D．fuel
29．A．Thus B．However C．Furthermore D．Although
30．A．changed B．monitored C．covered D．handled
31．A．and B．so C．or D．for
32．A．shaped B．found C．helped D．missed
33．A．give up B．take in C．turn down D．rise above
34．A．take over B．get rid of C．fall into D．get hold of
35．A．kind B．shocked C．suffering D．missing
四、阅读理解
The fact that your hair turns grey because of stress is nothing more than an old wives’ tale. It’s true that stress isn’t good for you, but it’s not going to turn you into a silver for just yet. In fact, the answer comes from the cells in your hair. These are what determine the color and eventually, the fade to grey.
Most of us start to notice our first grey hairs by the time we hit our thirties. A general rule to go by is that by the age of 50, half of the population will have lost the color in 50 percent of their hair.
But why does it happen Firstly, we need to understand how hair gets its color.
Your hair is made up of cells called melanocytes (黑色素细胞) which produce pigments (色素)as they grow into th ehair fiber. There are two different types of melanins (黑色素): eumelanins (真黑色素)and pheomelanins (类黑色素). The former produces black and brown pigments, while the latter produces red and yellow pigments. The exact amount of these pigments determines whether a person has black, brown, blonde or red hair.
As we age, the ability of the melanocytes to produce more pigments weakens. That is because our hair grows in different phases.
The growing phase lasts between three and five years, after which our follicles (毛囊) turn off for about three months to rest and get ready to grow more hairs. This goes round and round and, after a time, our bodies aren’t as good at producing new hairs.
Scientists are continuing to try and find ways to prevent greying hair. A team of scientists in France is working to try and stop the melanocytes from being damaged at the end of each hair cycle. They are trying to use a special enzyme (酶) to protect the cells from damage. If successful, it could lead the way for new products that keep our locks full of color for years to come.
36．What does the phase “an old wives’ tale” in paragraph 1 probably means
A．An incorrect belief B．A useless talk
C．A scientific rule D．A helpful experience
37．What do we know about red hair
A．It doesn’t turn grey as people get older
B．It contains more pheomelanins than eumelanins
C．The amount of pigments in it doesn’t change over time
D．People with red hair have weaker ability to produce pigments.
38．What do the French scientists aim to do
A．To repair damaged hair follicles.
B．To protect hair cells against damage
C．To shorten the hair cycle to protect the hair.
D．To study the relationship between health and hair color.
39．What can we infer from the article
A．Grey hair has nothing to do with stress.
B．Grey hair is a symbol of declining health.
C．It takes three months for new hair to grow.
D．The growth and color change of hair depend on cells.
Teens love to socialize, and these websites give them a chance to do that while playing games, exploring virtual worlds and taking quizzes. Of course, teens also need to be safe online and report any cyber bullies .
InstagramInstagram allows teens to upload photos of their daily life and share them with friends. They say that a picture is worth a thousand words, and that must be true because Instagram has around 300 million users who are active each month. The platform is all about photos with short captions (说明文字). When it comes to Instagram’s users, 53 percent of them are aged 18-29, but a big percentage of those may be even younger and simply list their age as 18 in order to use the platform.
Habbo HotelHabbo Hotel is a place for teens to chat. Each teen receives a personal room to decorate (装饰) with virtual objects. They can also dress their avatar (网络头像) in virtual clothes or create games to play with friends. The room might have music, be set up like a classroom, or have other features so different avatars can visit one another. Each room teens can interact in has an adult moderator (管理员) to make sure it stays safe.
FanlalaFanlala is a social network that gives teens who love celebrities, music and TV shows a place to interact. Through it, a user can get the latest news and gossip on their favorite shows, as well as take quizzes and polls to test their knowledge. Teens can set up their own profile on Fanlala and interact with other users.
Teen ChatTeen Chat is a place for teens to interact with one another through forums (论坛) according to their interests. For example, there are chat rooms for those who love anime (动漫) and for those who’ve just started college. There are also chat rooms for things like music, games, and sports. The platform offers a “Friend Finder” tool that will help teens search for people who live locally to them.
40．What makes Instagram different from other sites listed in the text
A．It’s a great place for people to share photos. B．The majority of its users are in their 20s.
C．It has the largest number of users. D．Only those above 18 normally use it.
41．Which site allows its users to create their own character and design a virtual room for it
A．Instagram. B．Habbo Hotel. C．Fanlala. D．Teen Chat.
42．What can you acquire from Fanlala
A．Game skills. B．Sports knowledge. C．Anime videos. D．Entertainment news.
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
43． What can we learn about the worms in the study
A．They take plastics as their everyday food.
B．They are newly evolved creatures.
C．They can consume plastics.
D．They wind up in landfills.
44． According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _______.
A．identify other means of the breakdown
B．find out the source of the enzyme
C．confirm the research findings
D．increase the breakdown speed
45． It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A．help to raise worms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used to clean the oceans
D．be produced in factories in future
46． What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain a study method on worms.
B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C．To present a way to break down plastics.
D．To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Dreaming is believing, claim researchers of a new study, who found that dreams have an effect on people’s behavior, judgment and they might contain important hidden truths as well.
“ 47 But our findings show that people believe their dreams provide meaningful insight into themselves and their world,” said a lead author of the study Carey Morewedge, an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University.
48 One of the studies focused on general beliefs about dreams and involved 149 university students. All students were asked to rate different theories about dreams. The experts found that a surprising majority of the participants supported the theory about dreams revealing the hidden truths about themselves and the rest of the world.
In a second experiment, they surveyed 182 people at a Boston train station, and asked them to imagine one out of four possible situation that could have occurred the night before a scheduled airline trip. Most of the participants said that dreaming of a plane crash would be more likely to affect their travel plans than would just thinking about a crash, or being warned by the government of a terrorism risk. They said a dreamed crash would influence their travel plans just as much as learning about a real crash on their planned route would.
49 In a short online survey, they were asked to recall one of the dreams they had seen about any person they knew.
The findings showed that people were more likely to remember and describe pleasant dreams about a person they liked, rather than a person they disliked. Meanwhile, in most cases they tended to consider an unpleasant dream as more meaningful if it was about a person they disliked.
“In other words,” said Morewedge, “people attribute meaning to dreams when it corresponds with their pre-existing beliefs and desires.” 50 According to Morewedge, most people realize that dreams are not predicting their future, but they still try to find some meaning in them.
A．Few would argue that dreams are an accident of biology and mean nothing at all.
B．Psychologists’ interpretations of the meaning of dreams vary widely.
C．In six different studies, researchers surveyed nearly 1,100 people about their dreams.
D．Another experiment involved 270 men and women from across the United States.
E．The participants said that dreaming of a plane crash would affect their travel plans.
F．The researchers say that more investigation is needed to fully understand how people interpret their dreams.
五、书面表达
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Becoming an Attractive Employee
The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.
For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise(专业技能)in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.
Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.
Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.
In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.
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六、翻译
52．这本关于科技创新的书值得一读再读。(worth)
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53．细腻敏感的人更容易对这个故事中的角色产生共鸣。(likely)
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54．随着电子商务行业的快速崛起，越来越多的老年人习惯了在网上购物，而不是去实体店。(accustom)
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55．政府号召公众遵循绿色出行理念，这不仅能改善生活质量，还能为环境保护做出贡献。(call)
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七、书信写作
56．假设你是明启中学的高三学生王磊，你在社区公告栏看到一则消息，社区正在征集关于“如何丰富老年人退休生活”的意见。请你给社区负责人写一封信，内容包括：
(1) 对社区如何丰富老年人退休生活提出建议；
(2) 提出这些建议的理由。
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参考答案
【答案】1．looking 2．others 3．an 4．growing 5．have been added 6．for 7．where 8．have found 9．must 10．that/which
【答案】11．C 12．J 13．I 14．E 15．H 16．K 17．B 18．G 19．D 20．A
【答案】21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．C
【答案】36．A 37．B 38．B 39．D
【答案】40．A 41．B 42．D
【答案】
43． C
44． B
45． D
46． C
【答案】47．B 48．C 49．D 50．F
51．【答案】How can young people attract their future employers First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.
52．【答案】The book on scientific and technological innovation is worth reading.
53．【答案】People who are sensitive and perceptive are more likely to empathize with the characters in the story.
54．【答案】With the rapid rise of the e-commerce industry, more and more elderly people have become accustomed to shopping online rather than going to physical stores.
55．【答案】The government calls on the public to follow the concept of green travel, which can not only improve the quality of life but also contribute to environmental protection.
56．【答案】Dear Community Manager,
My name is Wang Lei, a senior student from Mingqi High School. After reading the notice about improving retirees’ lives, I’d like to share some suggestions.
Firstly, organizing hobby classes (e.g., painting, gardening) could help seniors learn new skills, which keeps their minds active and fosters social connections. Secondly, regular health workshops or exercise sessions like Tai Chi would enhance physical well-being and prevent diseases. Additionally, creating volunteer opportunities, such as mentoring children, allows retirees to share their experience, boosting their sense of purpose.
These activities address both mental and physical needs while combating loneliness. Seniors deserve fulfilling lives, and community support plays a vital role.
Thank you for considering my ideas.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lei

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