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/ 让教学更有效
Unit 3 Same or Different
Section A 单词短语知识详解
1 compare /k m pe (r)/ v. 比较；对比（教材P21）
归纳拓展
compare 动词，意为“比较”或“对比”。
compare 的用法：
（1）compare A with/to B 把A 与B 对比，常用于两个同类事物之间的具体比较。
（2）compare with/to 与……类似
（3）compare A to B 把A 比作B，常用于两个不同性质的事物的抽象比较（表比喻）。
She compared her old car with the new one and found the new one more fuel-efficient. 她把自己的旧车与新车进行了比较，发现新车更省油。
Compare the weather in London with the weather in Paris.
比较伦敦和巴黎的天气。
The poet compared love to a rose, fragrant but thorny.
诗人将爱情比作玫瑰，芬芳却带刺。
学会运用1: ___________ (比较) with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with healthier and cheaper dishes now.
学会运用2: 我们常把老师比喻成蜡烛。
We often __________ a teacher __________ a candle.
学会运用3: 在迈克小时候，他的妈妈总是把他和其他的孩子做比较。
Mike’s mother always ___________ him __________ other children when he was young.
2 shy / a / adj. 害羞的（教材P22）
归纳拓展
shy adj. 意为“害羞的”，在句中常作表语或定语。
shy 的副词形式是shyly，意为“害羞地”；名词形式是
shyness，意为“害羞”。
She is a shy girl who always keeps to herself.她是一个害羞的女孩，总是独来独往。
Tom often starts a conversation with a shy smile.汤姆经常害羞地笑着开始谈话。
He smiled shyly at her. 他害羞地对她笑了笑。
Despite her shyness, Jane still tries to make new friends at school. 尽管简很害羞，但她还是尝试在学校结交新朋友。
学会运用4: Don’t be __________ （害羞的） when you speak English in public.
学会运用5: Believe in yourself and you can overcome your __________ (shy).
学会运用6:对于一个害羞的学生来说，在课堂上发表演讲需要勇气。
__________ __________ __________ __________, it takes courage to give a speech in class.
3 lazy /'le zi/ adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的（教材P22）
归纳拓展
lazy adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的。其副词形式是lazily，名词形式是laziness；其比较级和最高级分别为lazier，laziest。
The cat is lazy and sleeps all day.这只猫很懒，整天都在睡觉。
He walked lazily down the street.他懒洋洋地沿着街道走。
His laziness has cost him his job.他的懒惰让他失去了工作。
学会运用7: I was feeling too l to go out.
学会运用8: This dog is _________ (lazy) than that one.
学会运用9: 我们在海滩上懒洋洋地度过了一天。
We spent _________ _________ _________ on the beach.
4 loud /la d/ adv. 大声地 adj. 大声的（教材P22）
归纳拓展
loud 可以作形容词，意为“大声的”，还可以作副词，意为“响亮地”。作副词时，loud，aloud 与loudly 的区别用法如下：
易混词 用法
loud 意为“大声地；响亮地”，强调声音响亮。
aloud 意为“大声地；出声地”，强调为了使人听见而发声，音量不一定大，常与read 等词连用。无比较级和最高级形式。
loudly 意为“大声地；喧闹地”，可形容人声、敲门声或其他声音。是loud（大声的）的副词形式
“What are you doing here ” the giant cried in a loud voice. 巨人大声喊道：“你们在这里干什么？”
Can you speak louder I can’t hear clearly. 你能说大声点吗 我听不清。
He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信大声念给我们听。
The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 观众听到这笑话大笑起来。
Do you have to play that music so loud 你非得把音乐放那么响吗？
学会运用10: Please read a to improve your pronunciation while learning English.
学会运用11: I heard someone knocking at the door _________ (loud).
学会运用12: The teacher listened to the children reading _______.
A. loudly B. loud C. aloud D. quiet
学会运用13: 事实胜于雄辩。（翻译句子）
_____________________________________________
5outgoing /'a tɡ / adj. 外向的（教材P22 ）
归纳拓展
outgoing 形容词，意为“外向的”，在句中常作表语或定语。 outgoing 的反义词是quiet，意为“安静的”；比较级和最高级分别是more outgoing 和the most outgoing。
Mary is an outgoing girl.玛丽是一位外向的女孩。
Among all the students in our class, Lily is the most outgoing. 在我们班所有的学生中，莉莉是最外向的。
I am more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐姐更外向。
She is a quiet girl who prefers to read alone.她是一个安静的女孩，更喜欢独自阅读。
学会运用13: Do you know any __________ (joke) about animals
学会运用14: 我的朋友们总拿我对比萨饼的热爱开玩笑。
My friends always __________ _____________ my love for pizza.
学会运用15: 请你再讲一遍那个笑话，好吗？
Could you __________ _________ _________ again, please
6 alone / 'l n/ adj. & adv. 独自；单独（教材P22）
归纳拓展
辨析: alone 与lonely
alone 形容词 “单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 强调客观上的单独状态，没有感彩。
副词 “独自；单独”， 相当于by oneself。
lonely 形容词 “孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感色彩。
“偏僻的”，只用于名词前作定语。
一语辨异
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.
尽管他独自生活，可他并不感到孤独。
He was alone in the office. 他独自在办公室里。
He lives alone in a small house near a river.他独自居住在河边的一个小屋子里。
She felt lonely after her husband’s death.她丈夫去世后她感到孤独。
There is a lonely island in the middle of the lake.湖中央有一个偏僻的小岛。
学会运用23: Sara was there listening to the radio. She just wanted to be ________（单独）for a change.
学会运用24: 有时他独自待在河边看日落。
Sometimes he _________ _________ by the river to watch the sunset.
7 hard-working /hɑ d 'w k /adj. 勤奋的（教材P22）
hard-working 为合成形容词，常作表语或定语；其反义词是lazy 懒惰的，比较级和最高级分别是more hard-working 和the most hard-working。
My friend is hard-working. He practices playing the piano every day. 我的朋友很勤奋，他每天都练习弹钢琴。
He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades. 他是一个勤奋的学生，总是取得好成绩。
Don’t be lazy. You should finish your tasks on time.不要偷懒，你应该按时完成你的任务。
She is working hard to improve her reading skills.她正在努力提高她的阅读能力。
辨析: hard-working 与working hard
hard-working 是一个形容词，用来描述人的特质。
working hard 是一个动词短语，表示“正在努力工作/ 学习”。
一语辨异
Lisa is hard-working. She likes working hard on her school project. 丽莎很勤奋。她很喜欢努力学习学校的项目。
学会运用17: She is known for being __________________ (勤奋的) and dedicated to her work.
学会运用18: John is _____________________ (hard-working) than he was last year.
学会运用19: 她是我们班最勤奋的学生。 （翻译句子）
________________________________________________
8 perform /p 'f m/ v. 表演；执行（教材P22）
归纳拓展
perform 作及物动词，意为“表演；执行”。
perform 的同根词：
(1)performance n. 表演；演出(-ance 是名词后缀；行为)
(2)performer n. 表演者；演出者(-er 是名词后缀；执行者)
He often performs the plays for the old.他经常为老人们表演戏剧。
Tomorrow, we will perform a fire drill to practice what to do in case of a fire. 明天，我们将进行消防演习，练习在发生火灾时应该做什么。
I enjoyed the magic show at the school performance.我喜欢学校表演中的魔术表演。
学会运用20: The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance _______________ (perform) which is quite popular these days.
学会运用21: Lion dance is usually p by two people dressed in a lion costume.
学会运用22: 这对双胞胎将在学校艺术节上表演舞蹈。
The twins will _________ __________ __________ at the school art festival.
9 solve /s lv/ v. 解决；解答（教材P22）
归纳拓展
solve 动词，意为“解决，解答”。常用短语：
（1）solve the problem/problems 解决问题；
（2）solve for 意为“求解……的值”或“解出……的解”，通常用于数学领域，表示求解某个未知数或变量。
solution n. 意为“解决方案”。
solvable adj.可以解决的
We need to solve the math problem together.我们需要一起解决这道数学题。
When you have a puzzle, you need to think hard to solve the problem. 当你遇到一个谜题时，你需要努力思考来解决问题。
Good students always try to solve problems by themselves. 好学生总是试着自己解决问题。
学会运用25: Can you help me __________（解决）this puzzle
学会运用26: The _________ (solve) to the problem is quite simple.
学会运用27: 如果你有问题，请老师帮忙解决难题。
If you have a question, ask your teacher to help you _________ _________ _________.
10 congratulation /k nɡr t u'le n/ n. 祝贺；恭喜（教材P23）
归纳拓展
congratulation 是可数名词, 意为“祝贺”。通常用复数，是祝贺用语。
congratulate 是及物动词，意为“祝贺”。
congratulate sb. on sth. 意为“为某事向某人表示祝贺”。
动词加后缀-tion/-sion 变成名词的词：
（1）connect 连接→ connection 联系；连接
（2）decide 决定→ decision 决定；抉择
（3）declare 宣布；声明→ declaration 宣布；声明
Congratulations on your success.祝贺你取得成功。
I congratulate you on winning the game.我祝贺你赢了比赛。
学会运用28: I received several __________________ (祝贺) on my promotion.
学会运用29: 我想就你最近取得的成就向你表示祝贺。
I would like to ______________ you ____________ your recent achievement.
11 prize /pra z/ n. 奖；奖励（教材P23）
prize n. 奖；奖励。
常见搭配：first prize 一等奖。
还可作形容词，意为“优秀的；应获奖的”。只能作定语。
还可作动词，意为“珍视；给……颁奖”。
I won a prize for drawing the best picture in my class. 我在班里画的画最好，赢得了一个奖品。
He is a prize student in our school. 他是我们学校的一位模范学生。
I prize my friendship with her very much. 我非常珍视和她的友谊。
The school will prize the best students at the end of the semester. 学校将在学期末给最优秀的学生颁奖。
学会运用30: Winning the scholarship was a great p for his hard work.
学会运用31: 她在写作比赛中被授予了一等奖。
She was awarded _________ __________ __________ in the writing contest.
12 attend / 'tend / v. 参加；出席（教材P23）
归纳拓展
辨析: attend, join, join in 与take part in
attend 常指出席（或参加）正式场合，如会议、讲座、婚礼或听报告等。
join 侧重指加入某党派、团体、组织、人群等，并成为其中的一员。
join in 多指参加小规模的活动：如球赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语。
take part in 指参加活动或比赛，并在其中起积极作用。
I will attend my friend’s birthday party this weekend.这个周末我要去参加我朋友的生日派对。
We need to attend the meeting to discuss the class trip plans. 我们需要参加会议来讨论班级旅行的计划。
She loves to attend art classes on Saturday mornings.她喜欢周六上午去上艺术课。
学会运用32: 从方框中选择适当的词汇填空
attend, join, join in, take part in
(1) My parents often __________ important meetings at work.
(2) I want to __________ the school’s basketball team.
(3) Everyone is welcome to ___________ the discussion.
(4) I ___________ the school’s science fair last year.
学会运用33: 我们需要参加下周的家长会。
We _________ _________ _________ the parent-teacher meeting next week.
13 besides /b 'sa dz/ prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且（教材P23）
归纳拓展
辨析: besides, except, but 与except for
besides 指“包括后者在内”，常与other，also 等词连用。
except 指“不包括后者在内”，其后可接不定式作宾语。当其前的动词是实义动词do 及其变化形式时，不定式常省去to。
but 指“不包括后者在内”，常和all，nobody 等不定代词连用，有时可与except 互换。
except for 意为“除去……之外；只是”，表示对人或事物先做出总体评价，然后就其局部提出看法，所排除的不是同一范畴的东西。
What other languages do you know besides English 除了英语之外, 你还懂什么其他语言？
He gets up early every day except Sunday.除了星期日之外, 他每天都早起。
I couldn’t do anything except just sit down and hope.我除了坐在那儿盼着，什么也做不了。
学会运用34: ______ English, we also learn math and Chinese at school.
A. Except B. Besides C. Except for D. But
学会运用35: I have some other friends b you.
学会运用36: 除了学习，我还喜欢踢足球。
__________ __________, I also enjoy playing football.
14 spare /spe (r)/ adj. 空闲的; 备用的 v. 抽出；拨出（教材P23）
归纳拓展
spare 作形容词，意为“空闲的; 备用的”；也可作动词，意为“抽出；拨出”。
常见用法：
（1）spare time 空闲时间；
（2）in one’s spare time 在某人的空闲时间；
（3）spare+时间+to do sth. 空出时间做某事。
I have a spare hour this afternoon.我今天下午有一个空余小时。
Do keep a spare tire in your car.务必在你的车里备一个备用轮胎。
I spared an hour to meet with him. 我留出一个小时跟他见面。
In my spare time, I like to play football with my friends. 在我的业余时间，我喜欢和朋友们踢足球。
学会运用37: Can you s a few minutes to help me with this problem
学会运用38: I have a s key to the house in case I lose the main one.
学会运用39: 周末，我喜欢用空闲时间读书。
On weekends, I like to spend my ________ ________ reading books.
15 pleasure /'ple (r)/ n. 乐事; 愉快; 荣幸（教材P23）
辨析: pleasure, pleasant 与pleased
pleasure n. “愉快；高兴；满意；乐事”，多用于口语
pleasant adj. “令人高兴的；令人愉快的”，一般指天气、时间、旅行等令人感到高兴、愉快
pleased adj. “高兴的；愉快的”，表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快，其后常常带介词with
Reading books is one of my greatest pleasures.读书是我最大的乐事之一。
Watching cartoons gives me great pleasure. 看动画片给我带来很大的乐趣。
We spent a very pleasant evening. 我们度过了一个很愉快的夜晚。
I am pleased that you have a new job.我很高兴你有了一份新工作。
It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.很高兴欢迎您来我们家。
当你帮助他人并收到对方感谢时，应说“It’s a pleasure.”或“My pleasure.”；当别人请你帮忙，你乐意做时，则应说“With pleasure.”。
学会运用40: 从方框中选择适当的词填空。
pleasure, pleasant, pleased
(1)My parents were very __________ with my grades.
(2) I had a __________ chat with my teacher after class.
(3) It’s a __________ to help others.
学会运用41: 如果你需要任何帮助，我会很乐意帮忙的。
If you need any help, I’ll do it __________ __________.
16 appearance / 'p r ns/ n. 外表；露面（教材P24）
appearance 名词，意为“外表；露面”；其动词形式为appear, 意为“出现”；反义词disappearance, 名词，意为“消失”，其动词形式为disappear，意为“消失；不见”。
She always pays attention to her appearance.她总是很注意自己的外表。
She made a rare appearance at the charity event last night. 她昨晚很少见地出席了那场慈善活动。
She appears (to be) a little bit worried.她看起来有点担心。
The cat’s disappearance made us very worried.猫的失踪让我们非常担心。
学会运用42: A good a can make a good impression on others.
学会运用43: Your name will a at the front of the book.
学会运用44: When spring comes, the snow and ice __________ (appear).
学会运用45: 新老师看起来很友好。
The new teacher has _______ ________ _____________.
17 personality/p s 'n l ti/n. 性格；品质（教材P24）
She has a strong personality. 她性格坚强。
This is a personal letter, so please don’t read it.这是一封私人信件，所以请不要读。
I will personally attend to the matter. 我将亲自处理这件事。
I am a person who loves to read books. 我是一个喜欢读书的人。
学会运用46: He is known for his humorous __________ (person). He always makes people laugh.
学会运用47: I have a __________ (person) goal to learn how to swim this year.
学会运用48: The p who helped me today was very nice.
学会运用49: 我的朋友性格非常外向。
My friend has a very ____________ ____________.
18 population /p pju'le n/ n. 人口（教材P25）
In many countries, the population is mainly concentrated in the cities. 在许多国家，人口主要集中在城市里。
Many parts of the world have become deserts now, but they once had large populations and produced plenty of crops. 世界上许多地区曾经人口众多, 五谷丰登, 而如今却成了沙漠。
表示人口“多”要用large 修饰,而不用 much/many; 表示人口“少”要用small 修饰,而不用 little/few。
population 作可数名词，意为“人口”，常与定冠词the 连用。作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
当主语表示“人口的百分之几或几分之几”时，谓语动词多用复数形式。
population 多以单数形式出现，指某个国家、地区或城市的人口。若以复数形式出现，则指世界不同地区的人口。
归纳拓展
表示“某地有多少人口”有两种表达方式：
（1）The population of + 某地+ is + 数词.
（2）某地+ has a p opulation of + 数词.
询问“某地有多少人口”要用 what 或 how large 提问：
“What’s the population of+ 地点？”或“How large is the population of+ 地点？”。
学会运用50: The p of India is growing quickly.
学会运用51: -___________ is the population of your city -Over five million.
学会运用52: 北京有2100 多万人口。
Beijing has ________ ___________ _______ over 21 million people.
学会运用53: 中国人口众多。
China has _________ _________ ___________.
1 as…as... 像……一样……（教材P23）
归纳拓展
as…as… 意为“与……一样……”，两个 as 中间用形容词或副词的原级，第二个as 可用作介词（后接名词或代词），其否定结构为 not as/so...as..., 意为“不如……那样……”，也是一种表达比较级的形式，相当于“less+ 形容词/副词+than”, not as/so...as...可与比较级结构进行同义句转换。
学会运用1: -Is your father strict with you -Yes. He takes my grades as ______ as my teachers do.
A. serious B. more serious C. seriously D. more seriously
学会运用2: My bike is not as fast as your car.（同义句转换）
My bike is ________ ________ your car.=My bike is ________ ________ ________ your car.
学会运用3: 这个蛋糕像蜂蜜一样甜。（翻译句子）
__________________________________________
2 have sth. in common 有共同之处（教材P24）
归纳拓展
have...in common 意为“有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同”；have nothing in common 意为“没有共同点”。
学会运用4: ______ my surprise, the twins have nothing _____ common.
A. To; in B. With; in C. In; to D. To; of
学会运用5: 克莱尔和我有一个共同点：我们两个都擅长网球。
Claire and I _________ one thing _________ _________ : we are both good at tennis.

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