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Unit 3 Same or Different
Section B 单词短语知识详解
1 interest /' ntr st/ n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣（教材P26）
归纳拓展
Interest
（1）作名词，意为“业余爱好；兴趣；吸引力”。
常用短语：places of interest 名胜。
（2）作动词，意为“使感兴趣”。interest sb. 意为“使某人感兴趣”。
相关词形：interesting adj. 有趣的（作表语或定语，主语通常是物）；interested adj. 感兴趣的（作表语或定语，主语通常是人） be interested in... 对……感兴趣
一语辨异
She is interested in the interesting story.她对那个有趣的故事很感兴趣。
She shows great interest in reading books.她对读书表现出很大的兴趣。
My little brother has a special interest in dinosaurs.我弟弟对恐龙特别感兴趣。
The science experiment interested all the students.这个科学实验让所有学生都感兴趣。
学会运用1: Collecting stamps is one of my i .
学会运用2:
I like traveling because I can meet some ___________ (interest) people and things along the way.
学会运用3:
Science is very ___________. I’m really __________ in it. __________ is the best teacher. (interest)
学会运用4: 他们对中国食物感兴趣。
They are __________ __________ Chinese food.
学会运用5: 在世界公园里，我们一天可以看到一百多个名胜古迹的模型。
In the World Park, we can see models of more than a hundred __________ __________ __________ in a day.
2 difference /'d fr ns/ n. 差异（教材P27）
归纳拓展
difference 意为“差异”。
常见用法：
（1）There’s no difference between... ……之间没有差异。
（2）make a difference 有影响；有作用
different 形容词，意为“不同的”，常构成短语be different from，意为“与……不同”。
differently 副词，意为“不同地”。
There’s a big difference in size between the two apples. 这两个苹果在大小上有很大的差别。
A small act of kindness can make a big difference in someone’s life. 一个小小的善举可以对某人的一生产生巨大的影响。
Boys and girls may behave differently. 男孩儿和女孩儿可能表现不同。
This book is different from the one I read last week.这本书和我上周读的那本不一样。
学会运用6: I know we think ______, but it doesn’t matter.
A. difference B. different C. differently D. differences
学会运用7: Lucy’s junior high school teacher made a big ____________ (different) to her life. She wants to express her thanks to the teacher at the graduation ceremony.
学会运用8: 每天坚持锻炼会对我们的健康产生影响。
Keeping doing exercise every day will ____________ ____________ ____________ to our health.
学会运用9: 春天的天气和冬天的不同。（翻译句子）
____________________________________________________________________________
3 sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感觉v. 意识到；感觉到（教材P27）
归纳拓展
sense 作可数名词，意为“感觉”。
常见用法：
the sense of sight/hearing/taste/touch 视/听/味/触觉；
in that sense 从那个意义上说。
相关词形：sensible adj. 合理的；明智的
sensitive adj. 敏感的；灵敏的
sense 还可作动词，意为“意识到，感觉到”。
He has a strong sense of hearing. He can hear a pin drop. 他的听觉很强。他能听见针掉在地上的声音。
Dogs are loyal animals. In that sense, they are like best friends. 狗是忠诚的动物。从那个意义上说，它们就像最好的朋友一样。
He is sensible enough to realize the importance of hard work. 他足够明智，能意识到努力工作的重要性。
学会运用10: He has a strong s of responsibility.
学会运用11: That seems to be a __________ (sense) idea.
学会运用12: The instrument is highly _____________ (sense) to changes in temperature.
学会运用13: 在那种意义上，我们都是相互联系的。
________ ________ ________, we are all connected.
4 less /les/ adj. 较少的；更少的 adv. 较少地；更少地pron. 较少；更少（教材P27）
归纳拓展
less 是little 的比较级，作形容词，意为“较少的;更少的”，修饰不可数名词。
作副词，意为“较少地；更少地”，修饰形容词或副词构成比较级，也可修饰动词。
作代词，意为“较少；更少”，用于代替前面提到的数量或事物，表示其中的一部分或全部但数量较少。
辨析: less, fewer 与 more
less “更少”，little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词。 e.g. You’d better eat less junk food. 你最好少吃些垃圾食品。
fewer “更少”，few 的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。 e.g. I have fewer books than my brother. 我的书比我哥哥的少。
more “更多”，many/much的比较级，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。 e.g. I want to have more friends and money. 我想拥有更多的朋友和金钱。
There is less homework today. 今天作业比较少。
We need less time to finish this task.我们完成这个任务需要的时间更少了。
He eats less now than he did when he was younger.他现在吃得比他年轻时少了。
I have less money than I thought I did. 我的钱比我以为的要少。
学会运用14: -If there are ________ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution.
-Yes, and the air will be fresher.
A. less; less B. less; fewer C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less
学会运用15: -Can you give me some advice on how to be slimmer
-Eat ________ (little) meat and ________ (few) cakes.
学会运用16: After eating the healthy snacks, I wanted ________ (few) cookies and ________ (much) fruit, and I felt ________ (little) hungry.
学会运用17: 我今天的作业比昨天少。（翻译句子）
___________________________________________
5 opinion / 'p nj n/ n. 看法；意见（教材P27）
归纳拓展
opinion 作可数名词，意为“意见；看法”，固定短语in one’s opinion =according to sb. 意为“在某人看来”。
He has a different opinion about the problem.关于这个问题，他有不同的观点。
Everyone had an opinion about the subject.大家对这个问题都有自己的看法。
In my opinion, they are encouraged to voice their opinions.= According to me, they are encouraged to voice their opinions. 依我看，他们被鼓励发表自己的意见。
学会运用18: Tom and I hold the same o (观点). I totally agree with him.
学会运用19: ______ my opinion, we should be proud of our country.
A. For B. At C. In D. Of
学会运用20: 在我看来，游览北京最好的时间是秋天。
________ ________ ________, the best time to visit Beijing is autumn.
6 direct /d 'rekt; da 'rekt/adj. 率直的；直接的（教材P27）
归纳拓展
direct 的一词多义：
作形容词，意为“率直的；直接的”，作定语或表语；direct +-ly= directly adv.“率直地；直接地”。
作动词，意为“导演；指导；指示”，后接名词或代词作宾语，direct sb. to do sth. 意为“指示某人做某事”。
归纳拓展
（1）direct + -or=director, 为名词，意为“导演；经理”
（2）direct + -ion=direction, 为名词，意为“方向；指导”，常见短语：in all directions 四面八方
作副词，意为“径直；直接”（不经中间环节）。它通常强调物理路径的直线性或无中介性。
This is the direct effect. 这是直接的影响。
Sarah is a direct person. She always tells the truth.莎拉是一个率直的人，她总是说实话。
When you ask for help, be direct about what you need.当你寻求帮助时，要直接说出你需要什么。
Can you direct me to the nearest bus stop 你能指引我去最近的公共汽车站吗？
学会运用21: She has a _________ (率直的) personality. She always says what she thinks.
学会运用22: The wind blew _________ (direct) into our faces.
学会运用23: The teacher directed the students _________ (clean) the classroom after school.
学会运用24: 这是去公园的一条直线路线。
This is _________ _________ _________ to the park.
7 similarity /s m 'l r ti/ n. 相似之处（教材P27）
similarity 作可数名词，意为“相似之处”，其形容词形式为similar 意为“相似的，近似的，类似的”。
固定搭配：
（1）have similarities in... 在……方面有相似之处
（2）be similar to... 与……相似
（3）be similar in... 在……方面相似
The similarity between the two dresses is their colour. 这两条连衣裙的相似之处是它们的颜色。
They have similarities in their way of studying.他们的学习方式有相似之处。
The two stories have similar plots, but the endings are different. 这两个故事有相似的情节，但结局不同。
学会运用25: By nature, men are nearly s . By practice, they get to be wide apart.（性相近，习相远。）
学会运用26: These two pictures have a lot of ___________ (相似之处).
学会运用27: 琳达像她父亲。他们都很外向。(similar)
___________________________ They are both outgoing.
8 friendship /'frend p/ n. 友谊；友情（教材P27）
归纳拓展
friendship 是名词，意为“友谊; 友情”。
friend n. 朋友
friendly adj. 友好的 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
unfriendly adj. 不友好的
一语辨异 My friends are always friendly to me except Tom, who is unfriendly to me sometimes. 我的朋友总是对我很友好，除了汤姆有时对我不友好之外。
Friendship is important because it makes us feel happy and not lonely.友谊很重要，因为它让我们感到快乐，不孤单。
True friendship lasts forever, even when we are far away from each other. 真正的友谊是永恒的，即使我们彼此远隔千里。
Friendship is like a bridge that connects two hearts.友谊就像一座连接两颗心的桥梁。
学会运用28: My father and Uncle Wang have been good friends for many years, and their ____________ (友谊) is very strong.
学会运用29: It’s important to be ___________ (friend) to new students so that they won’t feel lonely.
学会运用30: 时光飞逝！我们不得不说再见，但我将永远记住我们的友谊。
How time flies! We have to say goodbye, but I will __________ __________ __________ _________.
9 expect / k'spekt/ v. 预料；期待（教材P28）
归纳拓展
expect v.“预料；期待；猜想”，可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。
expect 的常见用法：
（1）expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
（2）expect + that 从句 期待或预计某件事情发生
（3）expect + 反身代词 + 不定式 期望自己做某事
（4）unexpected 是形容词，意为“意外的；出乎意料的”。
I expect him to help me with my English.我期待他在英语方面帮助我。
We expect that he will come back soon. 我们期待他能很快回来。
He expects himself to get good grades in the test.他期待自己考试取得好成绩。
The sudden rain was completely unexpected.这场突如其来的雨完全是意料之外的。
学会运用31: The composer created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng, but he didn’t ___________ (预料) the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.
学会运用32: Teachers expect all their students _________ progress day by day.
A. make B. to make C. to take D. take
学会运用33: [武汉改编]人们期待人工智能成为更强大的生产工具。
People ________ AI ________ ________ a more powerful production tool.
10 touch /t t / v. 触动；触碰（教材P29）
归纳拓展
touch 动词，意为“触动；触碰；感动”。常见用法：
touch on/upon 意为“谈及；提及”。
touch 还可作名词，意为“触；触感”，固定搭配：
（1）keep in touch (with) 保持联系
（2）out of touch (with) 失去联系
相关词形：touching adj. 感人的
Don’t touch the animals in the zoo.在动物园里不要触摸动物。
The movie touched us deeply. 那部电影深深地打动了我们。
The report touched on several important issues.这篇报告提及了几个重要问题。
学会运用34: -Dear, put the knives out of the kids’ _______!
-OK. I’ll do it right away. It’s quite necessary to keep safe.
A. touch B. feeling C. look
学会运用35:在我们科学课上，老师提及了动物这个话题。
The teacher _________ _________ the topic of animals in our science class.
学会运用36: 我每周都通过电话和爷爷奶奶保持联系。
I _________ _________ _________ _________ my grandparents by phone every week.
1 thanks to 归功于；由于；因为（教材P27）
归纳拓展
thanks to 是一个表达感激和因果关系的常用短语，有时可以与owing to 或due to 等短语互换使用，但它们在语气上可能略有不同。thanks to 常用于强调积极原因；owing to 用于正式或半正式场合；due to 多用于正式场合，与owing to 相似。
thanks for 最基本的意思是“感谢……”，与thank you相比，thanks for 更侧重于说明感谢的具体原因或内容。而thank you 可以单独使用，也可以后跟具体的感谢内容。
学会运用1: 从方框中选择适当的词填空
of, due, for, to
(1)We had a great picnic thanks ________ the sunny weather.
(2) I couldn’t go to the park because ________ the rain.
(3) The game was put off ________ to the heavy rain.
(4) Thanks ________ inviting me to your birthday party.
学会运用2: 因为你的建议，我能够按时完成作业。
_________ _________ your advice, I was able to finish my homework on time.
2 make a mistake 犯错误（教材P27）
归纳拓展
make a mistake/mistakes (in sth.)（在某方面）犯错误
by mistake 错误地（不是故意地）
学会运用3: I put sugar in my coffee instead of cream _______ mistake.
A. at B. by C. in D. for
学会运用4: Lily is very careful so she seldom makes m .
学会运用5: 好的学习者不害怕犯错。
Good learners are not afraid of __________ __________.
3 by accident 偶然；意外地（教材P28）
归纳拓展
by accident 意为“偶然；意外地”，其同义短语是 by chance。
学会运用6: I met her ___________ accident in a crowded bus yesterday afternoon.
A. on B. with C. to D. by
学会运用7: 令人惊讶的是，一些科学发现是偶然发现的。
Surprisingly, some scientific discoveries were made __________ __________.
4 care about 关心；担心（教材P29）
归纳拓展
care about 意为“关心；担心”，care 在此处作动词，意为“在意；关注”。
care 的常见用法如下：
（1）动词，意为“在意；担忧；关心”。
care for 十分喜欢；照顾 care about 关心；在意
（2）名词，意为“照顾；护理”。
take care of 照顾；照看 take care 当心；小心
学会运用8: This year marks Earth Day’s 56th birthday. It was created to remind people to ________ the earth—the home to all the living things.
A. talk about B. care about C. hear about D. clear out
学会运用9: 我们的政府制定了一些法律来关心留守儿童。
Our government made some laws __________ __________ __________ the left-behind kids.
5 reach for 伸手触碰（教材P29）
归纳拓展
reach for 伸手触碰
reach out 提供援助
reach 动词，意为“到达；抵达”。
学会运用10: 用for 或out 填空
(1) He reached __________ the ball rolling away, but it was too fast.
(2) The boy reached __________ to give the dog a treat.
学会运用11: 她伸手去够架子顶上的苹果，但太高了（够不着）。
She __________ __________ the apple on the top shelf, but it was too high.
6 lend (sb.) a hand 帮助(某人)（教材P29）
归纳拓展
lend (sb.) a hand 意为“帮助（某人）”，lend 在此处作动词，意为“给予（帮助）”。
lend 还可意为“借出；借给”，通常和to 搭配。lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 意为“把某物借给某人”。
反义词为borrow，意为“借入；借来”，通常和from 搭配。 borrow sth. from sb./ some place 意为“从某人或某处借来某物”。
学会运用12: 用borrow 或lend 的适当形式填空
(1) I __________ the book from the library and plan to keep it until next Friday.
(2) I want to __________ the novel from you and __________ you this magazine in return.
学会运用13: 当妈妈在做饭时，我喜欢帮她摆桌子。
When Mom is cooking, I like to _________ _________ __________ __________ by setting the table.
1 I think a good friend is like a mirror. 我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。(教材P26)
(分析结构) 这是一个含宾语从句的复合句。I think 是主句，其中I 是主语，think 是谓语。a good friend is like a mirror 是宾语从句，且是一个主系表结构的简单句。从句中，a good friend 是主语，is 是系动词，like a mirror 是介词短语作表语。本句省略了连词that, 其否定句为I don’t think a good friend is like a mirror.。
I believe a beautiful sunset is like a painter’s masterpiece. 我认为美丽的日落就像画家的杰作。
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
I don’t know why he didn’t come to school today.我不知道他今天为什么没来上学。
归纳拓展
该句结构：主句（主语+ 谓语）（+ 连接词）+ 宾语从句（主语+ 系动词+ 表语）。
在谓语是think 时，有否定前移一说，即其否定句是：I don’t think... 注意宾语从句要用陈述语序。
学会运用1: I t that the sky is blue.
学会运用2: 我认为阅读很有趣。（翻译句子）
_________________________________________
学会运用3: 我认为朋友之间应该总是坦诚相待。
__________ __________ __________ __________ should always be honest with each other.

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