资源简介 (共79张PPT)UNIT 4SPACE EXPLORATION核心单词阅读词汇1.astronaut n.宇航员;太空人2.procedure n.程序;步骤;手续3.rocket n.火箭;火箭弹4.gravity n.重力;引力5.vehicle n.交通工具;车辆6.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星vt.& vi.7.orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围沿轨道运行;环绕……运行8.mankind n.人类9.transmit vt.& vi.传输;发送10.spacecraft n.航天器;宇宙飞船11.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间12.jade n.玉;翡翠;玉器13.module n.舱;组件;模块14.solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的15.soap n.肥皂16.towel n.毛巾;抹布17.microwave n.(also microwave oven)微波炉18.tissue n.纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的)组织19.high-end adj.高端的20.foam n.泡沫橡胶;泡沫21.pillow n.枕头22.smartphone n.智能手机23.oxygen n.氧;氧气高频词汇1.________ n.边境;国界;边远地区frontierlaunch2.________ vt.& n.发射;发起;上市3.________ adj.巨大的;伟大的 n.巨人;巨兽;伟人4.________ n.跳跃;剧增;剧变 vi.& vt.跳过;跃过5.________ n.[pl.]资料;数据giantleapdata6.________ vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志7.________ vt.回收利用;再利用signalrecyclemusclefloatotherwisebeyond8.________ n.肌肉;实力;影响力9.________ vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮 vt.使浮动;使漂流10.________ adv.否则;要不然11.________ prep.在更远处;超出12.________ n.设施;设备facilitykeenshallow13.________ adj.热衷的;渴望的14.________ adj.肤浅的;浅的15.________ n.模式;图案;模范16.________ n.监视器;监测仪 vt.监视;监测;监控17.________ n.资源;财力;物力18.________ n.神秘事物;谜19.________ vt.系;绑;贴patternmonitorresourcemysteryattach拓展词汇1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→________ adv.精神上;智力上;思想上mentallyintelligence2.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→__________n.聪明;智力determinedetermination3.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→_________ vt.查明;确定;决定→____________ n.决定;决心;果断4._______ n.(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处→agent n.代理人;代理商;经纪人agency5.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→___________ vt.使失望→____________ adj.令人失望的;令人扫兴的→_____________ n.失望;沮丧disappointdisappointingdisappointment6.universe n.宇宙;天地万物→_________ adj.通用的;共同的→___________ adv.共同地;一致地universaluniversally7.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望→_________ adj.理想的;值得拥有的desirable8.independently adv.独立地;自立地→_____________ adj.独立的;自立的→____________ n.独立;自立→____________ vi.依赖;依靠independentindependencedepend9.lack n.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏→________ adj.不足的;缺少的lackingcurrentsufficiently10._________ adj. 当前的;现在的n. 水流;电流;思潮→currency n.通货;货币;支付手段11.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→___________ adv.足以;充分地12.globe n.地球;世界;地球仪→________ adj.全球的;全世界的global13.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→_________ n.争论;争吵;论点argumentfateanalyse14.fatal adj.致命的;灾难性的→________ n.命运15.analysis n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析;分析结果→______vt.分析16.regularly adv.经常;定期地→________ adj.定期的;经常的;正常的regularlimitlimitationcloseclosely17.limited adj.有限的→________ n.界限;限制vt.限制;限定→____________ n.限制;局限→limitless adj.无限(制)的18.closing adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭;倒闭→_______v.关闭;歇业;结束adj.近的;靠近的;亲密的 adv.接近地→________ adv.接近地;仔细地熟词生义1.determine【熟义】 vt.查明;确定【生义】 vt.决定【典例】 (2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the more wewill see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determinethe appearance of genius.我们越看越会发现,性别、种族、阶级等社会因素并不能决定天赋。2.monitor【熟义】 n.监视器;监测仪;班长【生义】 vt.监视;监测;监控【典例】 They should monitor their websites better so thatchildren do not sign up too early.他们应该更好地监控自己的网站,以便于孩子们不会过早地登录。ononhopeasoutin重点短语1.________ board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上2.carry ________ 继续做;坚持干3.in the ________ of doing sth.抱着做某事的希望4.so ________ to (do sth.)为了;以便5.figure ________ 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白6.result ________ 导致;造成aforinout7.as ________ result 所以;结果(是)8.provide ________ sb.为某人提供生活所需9.________ closing 最后10.run ________ 用完;耗尽精选佳句教材原句travellingintospace1.Before the mid-20th century, most people felt ________ ____________ was only a dream that could never come true.在 20 世纪中期之前,大多数人都觉得去太空旅行是一个难以实现的梦想。句式结构句式 1:动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式教材原句famouslysaying2.Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronautNeil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, ________ ________, “That'sone small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” 八 年 后 的1969 年 7 月 20 日,美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上了月球,并有一句名言:“对一个人来说,这是一小步;对人类来说,这是一大步。”句式结构句式 2:动名词作伴随状语教材原句broughtmuchsadness3.However, while such disasters ________ ________ ______________ _____________, the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而,尽管这些灾难带来不少悲伤和失望,但(人们)探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。anddisappointment句式结构句式 3:while 引导让步状语从句课文复现Since earliest time, man has dreamt of 1.__________ (explore)the universe, but before the mid-20th century, it was considered only adream that could never come true.However, with the efforts ofscientists, rockers that could escape Earth's gravity 2._____________(make).In 1961, the USSR sent the first person into space.Then,American astronaut Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon,3.________ was considered a giant leap for mankind.exploringwere madewhichScientists tried 4._______________ (ensure) the safety of theastronauts, but disasters still happened, which made everyone sad and5.__________ (disappoint).However, the desire to explore the universenever died.This is 6.__________ people believe in the 7.__________(important) of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.China has made great progress in space programme in recentyears.In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou5 spacecraft.More 8.________ (recent), China has sent Chang'e 4 toexplore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurementsand 9.____________ (observe).to ensuredisappointedbecauseimportancerecentlyobservationsThe future of space exploration remains bright.Despite thedifficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable usto understand how the universe began, 10.______ also help us survivewell into the future.but单句语法填空1.Mr Smith is ___________ (determine) to seek his fortune in thedowntown area.2.The young man had a strong desire ________ (earn) a living byhimself soon after he graduated.3.He had to seek help from his colleagues for lack ________experience.determinedto earnof4.All passengers ________ board are required to fasten the seatbelts when the plane takes off and lands.5.It was wise of him to admit what he had done, otherwise he_______________ (get) into a series of trouble.6.The diversity between minorities often brings about _________(argue).onwould have gotarguments7.There is no denying that mankind activities have a giant impacton ________ (globe) climate.globalofto be completedBeing blamed8.Afterwards, he seemed to run out ________ fortune and finallyhe lost all his possessions.9.The airport ___________________ (complete) next year willdefinitely bring about many benefits to the local development.10.______________ (blame) by my father made me so sad that Ihid my face in my hands, tears rolling down my cheeks.1.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的【典例】①My father was determined that none of his children would bedenied an education.我父亲决心不让他的孩子们被剥夺受教育的权利。②Amazed at how skillful they were, I was determined to be justas good.我惊讶于他们的技艺,决心要做得和他们一样好。【归纳】a determined look 坚定的眼神(表情)be determined that 决心……be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事【点津】determine to do sth.表示动作,为非延续性动词短语,不可与时间状语连用; be determined to do sth.表示状态,可与表示时间段的状语连用。【拓展】(1)determine vt.查明;确定;决定determine to do sth.决定做某事determine on sth.决定某事(2)determination n.决定;决心;果断with determination 坚决地;果断地【即学即用】单句语法填空to workDetermined(1)She determined ________ (work) twice as hard as before tomake up for the lost time.determination(2)_________ (determine) to be myself, moving forward, free ofshame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.(3)Write a poem about how courage, _____________ (determine),and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.2.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望【典例】①The boy has a strong desire for success, so he works harderthan before.这个男孩有强烈的成功欲望,所以他比以前更努力地工作。②Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.很少人愿意住在这个国家的北部。③All the students presentdesire that they should go to a keyuniversity.在场的所有学生都希望他们能上重点大学。【归纳】have a strong/no desire for sth.急于/不想得到某物have a strong desire to do sth.迫切想要做某事desire to do sth.渴望做某事【点津】(1)表示“渴望做某事 ”表达的还有: be eager to do sth./beeager for sth.; be thirsty to do sth./be thirsty for sth.; long for sth./longto do sth.等。(2)desire 作及物动词时,不用于进行时态。desire 意为“渴望”,后接宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。此外,desire 作名词时其后所接的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。【拓展】desirable adj.理想的;值得拥有的;可取的【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)The boy has a strong desire ________ a smartphone with alarge internal memory to play games.(2)We desire that such meaningful activities _______________(hold) on a regular basis.for(should) be held完成句子(3)得知你有强烈的学好汉语的愿望,我写信给你一些实用的建议。(应用文写作之建议信)Learning that you _________________________________________________,I am writing to offer you some practical suggestions.have a strong desire/strongly desire to learnChinese well3.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏【典例】①Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habitsand a lack of exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。②The tour was cancelled for lack of bookings.那次旅行因无预定而取消了。③As he is very rich he lacks for nothing.他很富有,什么都不缺。【归纳】(a) lack of...缺乏……for lack of...因缺乏……(have/there is) no lack of...不缺乏……lack (for)...缺乏……lack for nothing 什么也不缺【点津】lack 作及物动词时,不可用于被动语态;lack 作不及物动词时,常与介词 for 连用;lack 作名词时,常与介词 of 连用;形容词 lacking 常与介词 in 连用。【拓展】lacking adj.短缺的;缺乏的be lacking in...缺少……【即学即用】单句语法填空of(1)For lack ________ sufficient oxygen,the astronaut could notcarry on with his mission.完成句子which could result in a lack of participation(2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)一些学生可能会觉得与不熟悉的人一起练习不舒服,这可能会导致缺乏参与,阻碍他们在课程中的进步。Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someonethey don't know well,______________________________________and hinder their progress in the course.lacked/were lacking in cooking experience(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验,但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。①Though they ______________________________________ ,the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.②__________________________________,the twins made upfor it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)Though lacking (in) cooking experience4.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论【典例】①I won't argue with you about this matter again.我不会再和你争论这件事了。②He argued against the use of punishment for those who brokethe school rules.他反对对违反校规的人实施惩罚。③I managed to argue my classmates into accepting my idea. 我设法说服我的同学接受了我的想法。【归纳】argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue for/against sth.提出理由支持/反对某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue that...主张/认为……【点津】表示“说服……做……”的表达还有:persuade sb.to do sth.,persuade sb.into doing sth., convince sb.to do sth., talk sb.into doingsth.等。【拓展】argument n.争辩;争论;辩论an argument about/over...关于……的争论/辩论have an argument with sb.与某人争论【即学即用】单句语法填空argument(1)It is beyond ________ (argue) that Chinese astronauts havemade giant contributions to the world space exploration.完成句子(2)我本想说服他接受我的意见,但很快我意识到,和他争论这个问题没有用,因为他太固执了。I had intended to ______________________________,but soonI realized _________________________________________,becausehe was too stubborn.it was no use arguing with him about/over the issueargue him into accepting my opinion(3)(2022·全国乙卷)根据上面的表格,65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而 18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语名著来提高他们的英语水平。Based on the above chart, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.65% of the students argue forenjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that they canhave their English level improved by reading English classics5.limited adj.有限的【典例】①The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.文章的长度应该限制在 400 字左右。②We must limit the expenses to what we can afford.我们必须把开支限制在我们能负担得起的范围内。③I'm willing to help, within limit.我愿意在力所能及的范围内帮忙。【归纳】be limited to sth.局限于某处(团体/范围)limit sth.to...将某事限定在……【拓展】(1)limit n.界限;限制 vt.限制;限定limit sth.to...将某事限定在……above/over/below the limit 超出/高于/低于限度(2)limitation n.限制;制约(3)limitless adj.无限制的;无界限的(4)unlimited adj.无限制的;无限量的;无条件的【即学即用】单句语法填空limitedto(1)Life is ________ (limit), but there is no limit _______ servingthe people.tolimitless/unlimited(2)We must set a limit ________ the expense of the trip.(3)Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning.And I've foundthat the possibilities that lie within books are ___________________(limit).1.so as to (do sth.) 为了;以便【典例】①I'll give you a key so that you can let yourself in.我把钥匙给你,这样你就可以自己开门进去了。②In order to find a better job, he decided to study a secondforeign language.为了找一份更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。③Leave your telephone number in order that we might contactyou.请留下你的电话号码,以便我们与你联系。短语 用法so as to 常置于句中,不能置于句首,作目的状语(否定形式:so as not to)in order to 可置于句中或句首,作目的状语,意为 “ 为了;以便”(否定形式:in order not to)in order that 引导目的状语从句,从句中的谓语部分常含有情态动词 can/could/may/might 等【辨析】 so as to, in order to/that 与 so that短语 用法so that ①引导目的状语从句,从句中的谓语部分常含有情态动词 can/could/may/might 等②引导结果状语从句,从句中不用情态动词(续表)sothatinorderthat【即学即用】完成句子,每空一词我们把灯打开,以便看看它是什么。We turned on the light ________ ________/________ ________________ we might see what it was.= We turned on the light _______ ________ _______/ _______________ ________ see what it was.soordertoinasto2.as a result 所以;结果(是)【典例】①Alice overslept this morning.As a result, she was late forschool.爱丽丝今天早上睡过头了。结果,她上学迟到了。②About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result ofsmoking.20 世纪 90 年代,大约有 2100 万人死于吸烟。③Pollution and other serious problems have resulted fromhuman progress.人类的进步导致了污染和其他严重的问题。④I learnt that shouting and threats of punishment would result ina disaster.我了解到,大喊大叫和威胁惩罚会导致一场灾难。【归纳】as a result/consequence of 由于;因为without result 徒劳;毫无结果result from 由……造成result in 导致;结果是……【即学即用】(1)用 result 短语的正确形式填空Misunderstandings ____________ lack of social communicationand, if not handled properly, may __________ more serious problems._______________, we should master sufficient communicating skills.resulting fromresult inAs a result(2)(2023·6 月天津卷)这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会,而且将增进相互理解和友谊。Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn aboutthe Chinese culture _______________________________________________________.but also it will result in mutual understandingand friendship3.run out 用完;耗尽【典例】①Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out, sowe must act immediately before there's none left.地震灾区的食物供给快要用光了,所以我们必须趁着供给用完之前立刻采取行动。②After a long journey, he has run out of his energy.经过长途旅行,他已筋疲力尽。③It is irresponsible of you to run away from difficulties.你逃避困难是不负责任的。短语 用法run out of 意为“用完了……”, 是及物动词短语,相当于use up,主语一般是人run out 意为“……用完了”, 是不及物动词短语,无被动语态,相当于be used up,主语一般是物(时间、金钱、食物等)give out 意为“用完;筋疲力尽”,为不及物动词短语use up 意为“用完;耗尽”,为及物动词短语【辨析】run out (of), give out 与 use up【拓展】run away from 逃离;躲避run after 追赶;追求run into 撞上;偶然遇到run over 碾过;思考;超过时间run across 偶然遇到【即学即用】ran across/intoran after用 run 短语的正确形式填空(1)While wandering in the park, the cat ____________ a mouseand instinctively (本能地) _________ it, though it quickly disappearedinto he bushes.running out(2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)David's energy was _______________ butwhen he heard loud cheers from the other kids, he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finishing line, bathed in sweat.(3)I had _______________ all my patience and I began toexplode with anger.run out of1.Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronautNeil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “That'sone small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.”(教材 P40)八年后的 1969 年 7 月 20 日,美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上了月球,并有一句名言:“对一个人来说,这是一小步;对人类来说,这是一大步。”【剖析】 本句中的 famously saying 是现在分词短语作伴随状语,和主语 American astronaut Neil Armstrong 在逻辑上是主谓关系。【典例】①(2023· 新课标 Ⅰ卷 )The tour departs from Dam Square everyhour on the hour, starting at 1:00 p.m.every day.旅行团逢整点从大坝广场出发,从每天下午 1 点开始。②(2023· 新课标 Ⅰ卷 )When John Todd was a child, he loved toexplore the woods around his house, observing how nature solvedproblems.当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的。【点津】(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等,其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致,且分词(短语)与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系。如:Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.( 表 时 间 )看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。A number of new machines were installed in the factory,resulting in an increase in production.(表结果)这家工厂安装了许多新机器,因而增加了生产。(2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时,要用现在分词的完成时 having done。如:Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.做完家庭作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。(3)作状语的现在分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。如:Working hard ( =If you work hard), you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点,你就会成功。【即学即用】用现在分词(短语)作状语改写句子(1)He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.He lay on the grass, ________ ________ ________ ________ fora long time.staringatthesky(2)His father died, and left him a lot of money.His father died, ________ ________ _______ _______ _______________.leavinghimalotofmoney(3)Although they knew all this, they made me pay for thedamage.__________ _______ ________, they made me pay for thedamage.Knowingallthis2.However, while such disasters brought much sadness anddisappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.( 教材 P41)然而,尽管这些灾难带来不少悲伤和失望,但(人们)探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。【剖析】 本句是主从复合句。句中的 while 是连词,意为“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,相当于 though/although。【典例】①While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by in theopposite direction.我在公共汽车站等车时,对向驶过了三辆公共汽车。②The effects of global warming, while not immediate, arepotentially catastrophic.全球气温上升的后果虽然并非即时发生,但可能潜伏着大灾难。③Most students face the problem of funding themselves whilethey are studying. 大多数学生在求学期间都会面临经济来源的问题。④It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。【拓展】(1)while 作连词,意为“虽然;尽管”时,引导让步状语从句;意为“当……的时候”时,引导时间状语从句;意为“然而”时,引导并列句。(2)while 作名词时,意为“一会;一段时间”。常见的固定搭配有:for a while (一会;一段时间),after a while (一段时间之后),once in a while (偶尔)。【即学即用】写出下列句子中 while 引导的从句类型(1)While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.__________________(2)The temperature remained constant while pressure was avariable in the experiment._________________让步状语从句时间状语从句完成句子,每空一词(3)他们坚信只要坚持一段时间,奇迹就会发生。They hold the belief that so long as they insist on ________________ ________, a miracle will happen.(4)偶尔走出办公室去透透气也是一种调剂。It's a relief to get out of the office ________ ________ ________________.forawhileonceinawhile【句型升级】按要求完成句子1.Though they were lacking money, his parents managed to sendhim to university.(用省略句改写句子,每空一词)________ ________ money, his parents managed to send him touniversity.Thoughlacking2.If you judge from his accent, you can easily know he comesfrom Canada.(改写句子,每空一词)Judgingfrom________ ________ his accent, you can easily know he comesfrom Canada.attracting huge audiences and3.Jaws was a great success, attracted huge audiences and wonmany awards.(用现在分词短语改写句子)Jaws was a great success, ________________________________________________________.winning many awards4.要想成功,首先要做的就是对自己的行为负责。(动词不定式作后置定语)thefirsttodoTo be successful, ________ ________ ________ ________ isthat you should be responsible for your actions.5.许多年轻人涌向大城市,这是因为那里有很多工作机会。(表语从句)this/itisbecauseMany young people flock to big cities, _______ ______ _______there are many job opportunities.【语篇写作】应用文写作最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来进行农业实验,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活中;但也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力和物力,影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以上情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意:1.写作词数应为 80 左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考范文:Recently we have held a heated discussion about the issuewhether mankind should explore space or not.Different people havedifferent opinions.Some people hold the view that space exploration will not onlyenable us to understand how the universe develops but also helpfarming by doing agriculture experiments and apply the newtechnology to our life.While other people argue that we should stopexploring space because it costs too much time and energy.From my point of view, it is very necessary for humans toexplore space, because it can not only provide the world with manydifferent benefits, but also solve people's short-term and long-termproblems. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览