知识过关第3讲 语法【核心考点集训】2025春最新沪教版七年级下册期末复习学案:知识梳理+专项练习(含答案解析)

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知识过关第3讲 语法【核心考点集训】2025春最新沪教版七年级下册期末复习学案:知识梳理+专项练习(含答案解析)

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知识过关第3讲 语法
区分 a few、few、a little、little、many、much、a lot of
a few(一些)+可数名词复数 ;few(几乎没有)+可数名词复数
例如:There are a few/few apples on the table.
A little(一些)+不可数名词;little(几乎没有)+不可数名词
例如:There is a little /little orange juice in the fridge.
many(许多)+可数名词;much(许多)+不可数名词
例如:I have many toys in my room.
a lot of+名词
How many(多少)+可数名词复数;how much(多少)+不可数名词
例如:How many apples are there on the table
How much orange juice is there in the fridge
二、区分情态动词can、can't、may、may not、must、mustn't
① can 意为“能、会、可以”,cannot=can’t意为“不能、不会、不可以”,can cannot 常用来表示具备或不具备某种能力。
例如:—I can sing, but I can't dance.Can you think of an example
—Yes, I can. / No, I cannot / can't.
② may 意为“可以”,may not 意为“不可以”may和may not常用来表示请求、给予和拒绝许可非正式场合,can和cannot也可以达成同样的目的。
例如:—You may / can turn on the TV.You may not / cannot play in the kitchen.May / Can I use your mobile phone
—Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
must 意为“必须、应该”,mustn't意为“不可以”,可以替换成can't,must/mustn't常用来告诉人们该做什么或不该做什么。
例如:We must always be careful with electricity
We mustn't / can't touch electrical appliances with wet hands.
注意:Must1. 意思是“我必须……吗 ”
肯定回答:Yes,you must.否定回答:No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.
例如:—Must I come over now
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't / don't have to
注意:这些情态动词后均接动词原形。
三、感叹句
How+adj/adv+(subject+adverb)+!
What+(a/an)+(adj)+n+(subject+adverb)+!
例如:What a hard-working person (he is)!
How hard-working the man is!
祈使句
1.肯定形式
动词原形+其他成分 :如 Close the door.(关上门)
2.be+形容词/名词 :如 Be quiet, please.(请安静)
let+宾语+动词原形 :如 Let's go to school.(让我们去上学)
2.否定形式
Don't/Never+动词原形 :
如 Don't eat in the classroom.(不要在教室里吃东西)
Let's not+动词原形 :
如 Let's not say anything about it.(对于这件事,咱们什么也不要说)3.使用场景
命令/禁止 :如 Turn off the lights.(关灯)
请求/建议 :如 Please pass me the book.(请把书递给我)
警告/劝告 :如 Don't touch the fire!(别碰火!)
鼓励/祝福 :如 Work hard and you will succeed!(努力学习,你会成功的!)
4.特殊用法
强调语气 :在句首加 Do,如 Do let me go.(务必让我去)
省略主语 :通常隐含主语 you,如 Open the door.(开门)
礼貌表达 :在动词前加 please,句尾加逗号,如 Please be quiet.(请安静)
状语从句:
1.含义:时间状语从句用于表示动作发生的时间或先后顺序,由时间连词或副词引导,可修饰主句动作或状态。
2.常用引导词
基本连词
(1)时间点 :when(当…时)、as(当…时)、while(当…时)
时间段 :before(在…之前)、after(在…之后)、since(自从)、till/until(直到)
强调“一…就…” :as soon as(一…就…)、immediately(立即)、the moment(一…就…)
(2)特殊副词
every time(每次)、each time(每次)、the next time(下次)、anytime(随时)、the last time(上次)、the first time(第一次) 1
3.时态规则
(1)主将从现 :主句用将来时,从句用现在时(如:I will call you when I arrive)
(2)since用法 :从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时(如:She has finished her homework since last night)
(3)延续性动词 :till/until引导的从句需用延续性动词(如:He won't believe it until he sees it)
4.易混淆点辨析
(1)when vs. while
when:可指瞬间或时间段,动作可延续或非延续(如:When the phone rang, I answered it)
while:仅指持续动作(如:While I was studying, my mom cooked)
5.典型句型结构
(1)主句 + 时间连接词 + 从句(如:I will call you as soon as I arrive home)
六、used to 与 be used to 的区分
(1)used to
含义:表示过去常常做某事 ,强调过去的状态或习惯,现在已改变结构:used to + 动词原形(如:I used to play football)
例句:She used to live in Paris, but now she's in New York.(她过去住在巴黎,现在在纽约。)
(2)be used to
含义:表示现在习惯于某事 ,强调适应状态。
结构:be (am/is/are/was/were) used to + 名词/动名词(如:I am used to waking up early)
例句:He is used to working in a team environment.(他习惯团队合作)
一、同步专练
1.Look! The children ________ the flowers with water.
A.water B.watered C.are watering D.will water
2.The teacher asked us ________ more about water conservation.
A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learned
3.—________ do we use water for
—We use it to drink, wash and cook.
A.How B.What C.Why D.Which
4.Water is very ________ to us. We can’t live without it.
A.help B.helpful C.helpless D.helping
5.It often ________ a ________ of water.
A.drop; drop B.drops; drops C.drops; drop D.drop; drops
6.There is ________ milk in the glass. I need to buy some.
A.few B.a few C.little D.a little
7.—______ will you finish your homework
— In an hour.
A.How many B.How soon C.How long D.How much
8.Trees can help ________ the water clean.
A.keep B.keeps C.keeping D.to keeping
9.A lot of food ________ made with water.
A.is B.are C.be D.were
10.Don’t forget ________ the tap after using water.
A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off D.turned off
11.Do you think volunteering ________ to those poor kids
A.makes a big difference B.makes friends
C.makes sense D.makes progress
12.Before taking the medicine, you should read the ________ carefully.
A.introductions B.instructions C.invitations D.information
13.Peter is good at English. You do well in it ________.
A.too B.also C.either D.as well
14.— It’s too hot. ________ I swim in the lake near our home, mum
—No, you ________. It’s so dangerous. You’d better go to the swimming pool.
Could; couldn’t B.Need; mustn’t
C.Must; needn’t D.Could; can’t
15.I found a seat in the coffee shop, ordered a cup of latte and read a magazine ________.
A.for a while B.in a while C.after a while D.a while
16.—My sister is going to study abroad next month.
—Wow! That ________ really cool. Which college will she go to
A.looks B.sounds C.tastes D.smells
17.________ everyone is here, let’s start our class meeting.
A.Since B.Because C.Although D.Until
18.In modern society, many people only seem to ________ making money. They forget the importance of family.
A.care about B.think over C.look for D.get over
19.Big Ben is one of the most famous ________ in London.
A.landmarks B.museums C.parks D.libraries
20.Tom, you ________ talk loudly in the library, and you ________ be quiet.
A.can; must B.can’t; mustn’t C.have to; must D.can’t; must
二、真题链接
21.Everyone in our class ________ the famous singer for his wonderful songs and kind heart.
A.looks B.watches C.admires D.sees
22.You need to be ________ to succeed in this competitive world.
A.tough B.soft C.weak D.gentle
23.It’s important to have a ________ sleep schedule for good health.
A.often B.regular C.normal D.ordinary
24.The children ________ open their birthday presents.
A.are eager to B.are afraid to
C.are ready to D.are willing to
25.Good communication skills ________ building strong relationships with others.
A.have an influence on B.are important for
C.play a key role in D.make a difference to
26.We should keep ________ places clean, like parks and libraries.
A.own B.private C.personal D.public
27.The charity organization is trying to ________ money for the poor children.
A.raise B.rise C.collect D.gather
28.Our parents ________ our success and always encourage us to do better.
A.are proud of B.are interested in C.are afraid of D.are tired of
29.His dog ________ last week and his ________ made him very sad.
A.died; die B.death; died C.died; death D.dead; death
30.We should all ________ the scientists who work hard to make our lives better.
A.look up to B.look after C.look for D.look forward to
31.Grandma ________ wash clothes by hand but now she ________ doing it with the washing machine.
A.used to; used to B.is used to; is used to
C.is used to; used to D.used to; is used to
32.The little boy ________ how stars shine, so he asked his father many questions.
A.was afraid of B.was curious about
C.was worried about D.was angry with
33.Reading books can help develop your ________ in different cultures and broaden your mind.
A.interest B.hobby C.habit D.skill
34.Jack was busy taking notes ________ Mr.Brown was giving a lesson.
A.if B.while C.unless D.when
35.________ of the new year, we often make a promise.
A.At the beginning B.At a beginning
C.In the beginning D.From the beginning
36.The movie we watched last night was ________ boring. None of us wanted to continue watching it.
A.politely B.probably C.recently D.extremely
37.I’ve always ________ traveling around the world. It’s my biggest wish.
A.dreamed of B.talked about C.worried about D.cared about
38.We tried many ways to solve the problem, and ________ we found the right answer.
A.in the end B.at first C.in a hurry D.on time
39.Can you help me ________ the prices of these two shirts I want to buy the cheaper one.
A.compare B.count C.change D.forget
40.Her long-time goal to become a singer finally ________ last year.
A.came true B.came out C.came over D.came up
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
试卷第1页,共3页
试卷第1页,共3页
参考答案
1.C
【详解】句意:看!孩子们正在用水浇花。
考查现在进行时。根据“Look!”可知,此句描述正在发生的事情,应用现在进行时,其结构为“am/is/are doing”。故选C。
2.C
【详解】句意:老师要求我们多学习关于水资源保护的知识。
考查非谓语动词用法。learn是动词原形;learning是现在分词;to learn是不定式;learned是过去分词。根据“asked us...more about water conservation”可知,此处考查ask sb. to do sth.(要求某人做某事)的固定搭配,因此应选不定式形式,故选C。
3.B
【详解】句意:——我们用水做什么?——我们使用水为了喝,洗和做饭。
考查特殊疑问句。How如何,怎样;What什么;Why为什么;Which哪一个。根据答语“We use it to drink, wash and cook.”可知,这是回答使用水做什么。故选B。
4.B
【详解】句意:水对我们很有帮助。我们不能没有它。
考查形容词用法。help帮助,动词;helpful有帮助的;helpless无助的;helping帮助,现在分词或动名词。根据“Water is very…to us. We can’t live without it.”可知,此处表达水对我们有帮助,空处应用形容词作表语,helpful“有帮助的”,形容词。故选B。
5.C
【详解】句意:它经常落下一滴水。
考查词义辨析。根据“It often...a...of water.”可知,第一个空为谓语,应是动词,drop作动词时,意为“落”,时态为一般现在时,主语为单三,动词也应用单三形式,故排除A和D;第二个空为名词,意为“滴”,是可数名词,a后面接名词单数。故选C。
6.C
【详解】句意:杯子里没有牛奶,我需要买一些。
考查不定代词辨析。few几乎没有;a few有一点;little几乎没有;a little有一点。“milk”是不可数名词,“few” 和“a few”修饰可数名词,故排除A和B;根据“I need to buy some.”可知,杯子里几乎没有牛奶了,所以要去买一些,故选C。
7.B
【详解】句意:——你多久能完成作业?——一小时后。
考查特殊疑问句。How many多少(修饰可数名词);How soon多久(询问时间,通常用于将来时);How long多长时间(询问时间段);How much多少(修饰不可数名词)。根据“In an hour”可知,此处询问“多久能完成”,用How soon符合语境。故选B。
8.A
【详解】句意:树木有助于保持水的清洁。
考查非谓语动词。help do sth.“帮助做某事”,动词短语,此处应用动词原形。故选A。
9.A
【详解】句意:很多食物都是用水制成的。
考查主谓一致。根据“A lot of food…made with water.”可知,句子为一般现在时,主语a lot of food为不可数名词,因此空处应用谓语动词的三单形式。故选A。
10.C
【详解】句意:用完水后别忘了关水龙头。
考查非谓语动词。根据“Don’t forget…the tap after using water.”以及结合选项可知,此处指用完水后别忘了关水龙头,forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
11.A
【详解】句意:你认为志愿活动对那些贫困孩子有很大影响吗?
考查动词短语辨析。makes a big difference有很大影响;makes friends交朋友;makes sense有意义;makes progress取得进步。根据“to those poor kids”可知是询问志愿活动是否对这些孩子有很大影响,故选A。
12.B
【详解】句意:服药前,你应该仔细阅读说明书。
考查名词辨析。introductions介绍;instructions说明书;invitations邀请;information信息。根据“Before taking the medicine, you should read the…carefully.”的语境可知,此处指服药前,仔细阅读药品说明书。故选B。
13.D
【详解】句意:Peter擅长英语。你也同样擅长。
考查副词辨析。too也,位于肯定句句末,其前常有逗号隔开;also也,位于句中;either也,否定句句末;as well也,位于肯定句句末。由“You do well in it”可知,用于肯定句句末且无逗号隔开,用as well表示“也”。故选D。
14.D
【详解】句意:——天气太热了。我能在我们家附近的湖里游泳吗,妈妈?——不,你不可以。太危险了。你最好去游泳池。
考查情态动词。could能,表示委婉地请求;need需要;mustn’t不准;must必须;needn’t不必;can’t不能,不可以。根据“...I swim in the lake near our home, mum ”可知,第一空表示请求许可,要用could,此时否定回答为“No,you can’t.”。第二空根据前面的No以及后面的“It’s so dangerous.”可知应表示“不可以”,用can’t,故选D。
15.A
【详解】句意:我在咖啡店找了个座位,点了一杯拿铁,看了一会儿杂志。
考查介词短语辨析。for a while一会儿;in a while不久;after a while过了一会儿;a while用法错误。read a magazine为动作,这里表示动词持续了一段时间,A选项符合题意和语境。故选A。
16.B
【详解】句意:——我姐姐下个月要去国外留学了。——哇!那听起来真酷。她会去哪个大学?
考查动词辨析。looks看起来;sounds听起来;tastes尝起来;smells闻起来。根据“My sister is going to study abroad next month. ”可知,当听到对方讲述姐姐要出国留学的消息时,应该会表达“听起来很酷”。故选B。
17.A
【详解】句意:既然大家都到齐了,我们开始班会吧。
考查从属连词辨析。Since既然;Because因为;Although尽管;Until直到。结合句意可知,大家都到齐是已知信息,在此基础上提议开始班会,“既然”符合语境。故选A。
18.A
【详解】句意:在现代社会,许多人似乎只关心赚钱。他们忘记了家庭的重要性。
考查动词短语词义辨析。care about关心,在意;think over仔细考虑;look for寻找;get over克服,恢复。根据“many people only seem to...making money. They forget the importance of family.”可知,这里表达许多人只在乎赚钱,而忘记家庭重要性,care about符合语境。故选A。
19.A
【详解】句意:大本钟是伦敦最著名的地标之一。
考查名词辨析。landmarks地标;museums博物馆;parks公园;libraries图书馆。根据常识可知,大本钟是伦敦的标志性建筑,属于“地标”,故选A。
20.D
【详解】句意:汤姆,你不能在图书馆里大声说话,你必须安静。
考查情态动词。can能;can’t不能;must必须;mustn’t禁止;have to不得不。第一个空,图书馆内不能大声喧哗,排除AC;第二个空,要求对方必须安静,用must。故选D。
21.C
【详解】句意:我们班的每个人都因这位著名歌手美妙的歌曲和善良的心而钦佩他。
考查动词辨析。looks看;watches观看;admires钦佩;sees看见。根据“for his wonderful songs and kind heart”可知,此处应表达因美妙的歌曲和善良的心而产生“钦佩”之意。故选C。
22.A
【详解】句意:在这个竞争激烈的世界里,你需要坚强才能取得成功。
考查形容词辨析。tough坚强的;soft柔软的;weak虚弱的;gentle温柔的。根据“You need to be…to succeed in this competitive world.”的语境并结合选项可知,此处指在竞争激烈的世界里,成功需要坚强。故选A。
23.B
【详解】句意:有规律的睡眠时间表对身体健康很重要。
考查形容词和副词。often经常,副词;regular规律的;normal正常的;ordinary普通的,一般的。此处表示为了健康要有规律的睡眠时间表,用 regular,故选B。
24.A
【详解】句意:孩子们渴望打开他们的生日礼物。
考查形容词短语。are eager to渴望;are afraid to害怕;are ready to准备好;are willing to愿意。根据“The children...open their birthday presents.”并结合选项可知,此处表示强烈的情感,指渴望打开他们的生日礼物。故选A。
25.C
【详解】句意:良好的沟通技巧是建立牢固人际关系的关键。
考查动词短语。have an influence on对……有影响;are important for 对……是重要的; play a key role in在……中起关键作用;make a difference to对……产生影响。根据“Good communication skills...building strong relationships with others.”可知,此处表示“良好的沟通技巧”对“建立牢固人际关系”的作用,play a key role in符合语境。故选C。
26.D
【详解】句意:我们应该保持公共场所的清洁,比如公园和图书馆。
考查形容词辨析。own自己的;private私人的;personal个人的;public公共的。根据“like parks and libraries”可知公园和博物馆都是公共地方。故选D。
27.A
【详解】句意:这个慈善组织正试图为贫困儿童筹钱。
考查动词辨析。raise筹集(资金等);rise上升,上涨(不及物动词,主语通常为物);collect收集(强调有目的、有选择地聚集);gather聚集,集合(强调把分散的人或物集中在一起)。根据“money for the poor children”可知,此处指“筹集资金”,是固定搭配“raise money”。故选A。
28.A
【详解】句意:我们的父母为我们的成功感到骄傲,并总是鼓励我们做得更好。
考查形容词短语。are proud of为……感到骄傲;are interested in对……感兴趣;are afraid of害怕;are tired of厌倦。根据“our success and always encourage us to do better.”可知父母会为我们的成功感到骄傲。故选A。
29.C
【详解】句意:他的宠物狗上周死了,狗的死让他非常难过。
考查一般过去时以及名词用法。died死,过去式或过去分词;die原形;death死亡,名词;dead死去的,形容词。根据“His pet dog…last week”可知,此处指他的宠物狗上周死了,句子时态为一般过去时,第一个空应用动词的过去式died;根据“the…of the dog”可知,此处指“狗的死”,第二个空应用名词death。故选C。
30.A
【详解】句意:我们都应该尊敬那些努力工作让我们的生活更美好的科学家们。
考查动词短语。look up to尊敬;look after照顾;look for寻找;look forward to期待。根据“the scientists who work hard to make our lives better.”可知科学家们努力工作改善我们的生活,因此我们应该“尊敬”他们。故选A。
31.D
【详解】句意:奶奶过去常常手洗衣服,但现在她习惯了用洗衣机洗。
考查动词短语。used to do“过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯但现已停止;is used to doing“习惯于”。根据“but now”可知前半句描述过去习惯 (used to),后半句描述现在习惯 (is used to),故选D。
32.B
【详解】句意:小男孩很好奇星星是怎么发光的,所以他问了爸爸很多问题。
考查形容词短语。was afraid of害怕;was curious about对……感到好奇;was worried about担心;was angry with对……生气。根据“so he asked his father many questions.”可知,男孩因好奇星星如何发光,而问父亲许多问题。故选B。
33.A
【详解】句意:读书可以帮助培养你对不同文化的兴趣,并拓宽你的思维。
考查名词辨析。interest兴趣;hobby爱好;habit习惯;skill技能。根据“Reading books can help develop...in different cultures”以及“broaden your mind”可知,读书能培养对不同文化的兴趣,从而开阔思维,故选A。
34.B
【详解】句意:布朗先生上课的时候,杰克正忙着记笔记。
考查连词辨析。if如果,引导条件状语从句;while当……时,引导时间状语从句,强调主从句动作同时发生,且从句中常用延续性动词;unless除非,引导条件状语从句;when当……时,引导时间状语从句,可表示瞬间或延续性动作,但更侧重某个时间点。 句中“杰克记笔记”与“布朗先生上课”为同时进行的延续性动作,需用while连接,故选B。
35.A
【详解】句意:在新年伊始,我们经常作出承诺。
考查介词短语。At the beginning起初;At a beginning,错误搭配;In the beginning一开始,后不接of;From the beginning从一开始,强调从起点延续的动作或状态。根据“…of the new year, we often make a promise.”的语境可知,此处指在新年伊始作出承诺,不表示持续性的动作。故选A。
36.D
【详解】句意:我们昨晚看的电影极其无聊。我们没有一个人想继续看下去。
考查副词辨析。politely礼貌地;probably大概,或许;recently最近;extremely极其,非常。根据“None of us wanted to continue watching it.”可知,电影非常无聊,才会没人想继续看,所以应填extremely。故选D。
37.A
【详解】句意:我一直向往环游世界,这是我最大的愿望。
考查动词短语。dreamed of梦想;talked about谈论;worried about担心;cared about关心。根据下文“It’s my biggest wish.”可知,此处是指环游也界是“我”最大的愿望,“dreamed of”直接呼应“wish”。故选A。
38.A
【详解】句意:我们尝试了很多方法解决问题,最后找到了正确答案。
考查介词短语辨析。in the end最终;at first起初;in a hurry匆忙;on time准时。根据“We tried many ways to solve the problem”可知,最后找到了答案。故选A。
39.A
【详解】句意:你能帮我比较一下这两件衬衫的价格吗?我想买更便宜的那件。
考查动词辨析。compare比较;count计算总数;change改变;forget忘记。根据“I want to buy the cheaper one”可知,需要先“比较价格”才能选出更便宜的。故选A。
40.A
【详解】句意:她成为歌手的长期目标终于在去年实现了。
考查动词短语。came true实现;came out出版;came over拜访;came up(困难或问题)出现。根据“Her long-time goal”可知,目标实现了,故选A。
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