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题型过关第2讲 阅读理解
考点一 细节理解题
此类题一般针对文章的细节信息进行考查。答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(此类型题占比最大。占到全部阅读题60~80%左右)
【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点：
①部分正确，而另一部分是错误的。
②是原文信息，却不是题目要求的内容
③符合常识，但和文章内容无关。
④与原文内容极其相似，只是在程度上有所不同。
常见的提问形式：
①Which of the following cannot you learn in Anglia Summer Camp
②Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
③Why did Calvin Coolidge live at the Willard Hotel in those days
④Which of the following statements is NOT RIGHT according to the passage
⑤According to George, reading aloud to children______.
解题技巧：
抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以得出正确答案。
注意排除下列干扰项：
① 扩缩范围
文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many, almost all, nearly, more than, over, only a few, normally等限制。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。
② 偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
③ 正误并存
在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。
【巩固练习】
文章大意：本文主要介绍了Holly的学校生活。
My name is Holly. I’m 14 years old, and I am a middle school student. I like my school life.
I get up at six o’clock in the morning. Then I go running in the playground. At half past six, I have breakfast at school. You can see many students and teachers in the dining hall. After breakfast, I go to my classroom and read English.
We have six classes every day. The first class starts at eight o’clock. I like all my subjects. I think they are interesting. My favorite subject is English, so I often go to the English comer (英语角) on Thursday evening. I can practise my English there. After class, I always play with my friends. We play basketball, football and table tennis.
I like all my lessons, my friends and my teachers. In a word (总而言之), I love my school life.
1. When does Holly have breakfast
A．At 6:00 am.
B．At 6:30 am.
C．At 6:40 am.
D．At 7 :00 am.
2. When does Holly read English
A．Before breakfast.
B．After breakfast.
C．In the evening.
D．After lunch.
3. What is Holly’s favorite subject
A．Chinese.
B．Maths.
C．History.
D．English.
考点二 推理判断题
推理判断题是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。
【注意】
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知;做题时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断.
常见的提问形式：
①What would Andy do next
②Where may this passage come from
③According to Morgan, what kind of people are most likely to suffer from nearsightedness
④Which of the following can be inferred (推论)
⑤What is the purpose (目的) of this passage
解题技巧：
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。
学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。
注意点：
① 推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
② 不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。
◆根据事实进行推断：首先在文章中找出据以判断的有关词或句子，然后加以分析，悟出字里行间的意思。
◆根据作者的意图和态度进行推断：作者的思想倾向和感彩往往含在字里行间。因此，既要将文章的主题思想作为推断的前提，还应注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词、副词等修饰语。学生要对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。
◆指代推断：要推断指代词所指的对象，关键在于对该词所在的上下文的正确的理解。指代词的单复数形式应与被指代词的单复数形式一致。
◆根据逻辑关系进行推断：根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
【巩固练习】
Hello, everyone! I am Mary. I study in No. 39 Middle School. My brother, my sister and I are all good students. My parents are proud of us. Welcome to my home!
My parents are Mike and Lucy. My mother is a doctor in a hospital and my father teaches English in No. 26 Middle School. They work very hard every day.
Paul is my older brother. He studies in No. 2 Middle School. He studies very well and he likes to make friends. You can e-mail him.
The little girl is my younger sister Gina. She’s only 9 years old but she is good at tennis. She wants to be a tennis star in the future.
1. Paul is Lucy’s ________.
A．daughter B．son C．father D．mother
2. From the passage, we can know that ________.
A．Gina has a sister and a brother
B．Mary’s e-mail address (地址) is 458503268@
C．Paul and Mary are in the same school
D．Mary is good at tennis and wants to be a tennis star
考点三 词句猜测题
词句猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
常见的提问形式：
①The underlined word “shoot” in the 2nd paragraph means “______”.
②What does the pronoun “This” in the last paragraph refer to(所指)
③The underlined word “compromise” probably means_________.
④What do the underlined words mean
⑤What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
解题技巧：
◆根据上下文猜测
⑴根据关联词猜测
表示因果关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result…
表示同义关系的：and, like, just as…
表示反义关系的： but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)等等
⑵利用构词法猜测
根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。
例如care(小心) →careful(小心的) →carefully (小心地);
write(写) → rewrite (改写)。
根据“合成词”猜测。
例如school + bag → schoolbag； down+stairs → downstairs
◆根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词
常用be, be called, mean或破折号或定语从句等来表示。
例如：
①Why does jogging -- running slowly become so popular.（慢跑）
②Pork is the meat of pigs.（猪肉）
③Jane is warm-hearted, she likes to help others.（热心的）
◆根据语境及生活常识猜测
从文章中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
例如：
①China is our motherland.（祖国）
②Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. （育儿袋）
③It’s really cold outside, and my hands are both numb. （冻僵了的,麻木的）
【巩固练习】
Sam is twelve. He’s a student in No. 5 Middle School. He’s in Class 4, Grade 7. Today is Women’s Day, and it’s Sam’s birthday. His mother and father have a birthday party for him. You can see lots of drinks and food on the table. And the gifts from Sam’s family are on the table too.
Sam invites his good friends to his birthday party. They’re Linda, Tom, John and Lucy. Linda buys a nice pen for Sam. She knows Sam loves writing stories. She wants Sam to write many good stories. Tom buys a white baseball for Sam. Baseball is Sam’s favorite sport, and he’s really good at it. John and Lucy buy a big cake for Sam. They sing Happy Birthday to Sam. They’re all very happy at the party.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
The underlined word “invites” in paragraph 2 probably means “________” in Chinese.
A．拜访 B．邀请 C．推荐 D．闲谈
考点四 主旨大意题
此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思路。正确答案是要根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点：
①可能属文中某个具体事实或细节，但不是正确答案。
②可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
③可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
常见的提问形式：
①According to the passage, what did the writer want to tell us
②What would be the best title of this passage
③From the passage, the writer thinks _____.
④What does the writer mainly tell us
⑤Which of the following best expresses the main idea
解题技巧：
1、寻找主题句，从而抓住全段中心思想，常见位置是段首句或第二句，但也可能在段尾或段中。
2、概括全文，寻找文章中心思想。各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3、把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。 　
4、体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。
干扰项：
可能是文中某个具体事实或细节；可能是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
常见题型：
1. 主题型：
What’s the main idea of this passage （这篇文章的主要思想是什么？）
What does this passage mainly discuss （这篇文章主要讨论了什么？）
What’s the topic of this passage （这篇文章的主题是什么？）
2. 标题型：
What’s the best title （最佳的标题是什么？）
The best title for this text is (to tell ) ______. （这段文字的最佳标题是_____)The main purpose of this text is ______.(这段文字的主要目的是？）
3. 目的型：
The author’s purpose of writing this text is to______.（作者写这段文字的主要目的是？）
What’s the main purpose of the passage （这篇文章的主要目的是？）
一、阅读选择
（一）
No matter who we are, where we are, or what we do, we cannot live without water. It is the source of all life and we need it every day. But in truth we’re facing serious water problems.
Although water covers 71 percent of the earth’s surface, we can only use a very small amount of it. Only about 3 percent of the world’s water is fresh water. It’s in lakes, rivers and underground. Today, there are over 663 million people living without a safe water supply close to home, according to the United Nations.
To remind people of the importance of water, the UN first set up World Water Day in 1993. It is held on March 22nd each year. And this year’s theme is “wastewater”.
According to the UN, wastewater problems make water shortages (短缺) even more serious. Most of the wastewater from our homes, cities, industry and agriculture flows directly back to nature. Instead of letting it pollute the environment, the industries need to treat it first.
China takes actions to deal with water problems too. From March 22nd to 28th is the China Water Week, during which the Chinese government promotes (推广) the new policy of “river chiefs” to the public.
Just as every province, city and county (县) has a leader, every river will have a chief too. China passed the policy at the end of 2016 and carried it out nationwide in 2019. Local government heads will be river chiefs. They will be responsible for all rivers and lakes in their regions. They need to make sure that industries treat the wastewater before it goes into nature. They also need to clean up the polluted waters, like the blue algae (蓝藻) pollution in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu.
1．From the second paragraph, we know that ________.
A．waste water problems make water shortage even more serious
B．fresh water can be found in lots of places like lakes, rivers and underground
C．people can live without water for a long time
D．there’s much water on the earth so we can use as much as we want
2．________ is set up to remind people of the importance of water.
A．World Oceans Day B．World Health Day
C．World Environmental Day D．World Water Day
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Most of the wastewater flows directly back to nature.
B．Wastewater flows directly to our homes.
C．The policy “river chiefs” was carried out nationwide before 2016.
D．Industries have done something to treat the wastewater before it goes into nature.
4．We can find this passage from ________.
A．a novel B．a newspaper C．a travel guide D．a fashion magazine
（二）
Until the late 1800s, most people went to bed soon after sunset. They used candles and oil for light. American inventor Thomas Edison changed the way people lived when he invented the first light bulb. The light bulb was just one of the more than 1000 inventions of this great inventor.
Thomas Alva Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him reading and writing at home.
In 1862, Edison saved a boy from being run over by a train. The boy’s father operated a telegraph machine. In order to thank him, the father taught Edison how to operate the telegraph. Edison then made improvements to the telegraph. He earned money from his inventions.
In 1876, Edison started the first research laboratory in New Jersey. He worked very hard. He lived in his laboratory and became rich because of his inventions. He married twice and had six children. But he worked so hard that he spent little time with his families.
Edison’s greatest inventions included an improved telephone, photograph and electric battery. He is best remembered for inventing the long-lasting light bulb.
In the 1870s, many inventors were trying to make a light bulb. Edison tried hundreds of times, Finally he found a filament (灯丝) made of carbon. Edison’s lamp was a great success. It burned for more than 40 hours.
5．When did Edison learn to operate the telegraph
A．In 1847. B．In 1862. C．In 1876. D．In 1867.
6．Edison started the first research laboratory in New Jersey ________.
A．at the age of 27B．when he was 29 C．in his thirties D．after 1876
7．Where did Thomas Edison learn reading and writing
A．At school. B．At home. C．At the laboratory. D．In a factory.
8．Why did people like Edison
A．Because he made a lot of money. B．Because he improved the telegraph.
C．Because he invented the light bulb. D．Because he was a hard-working man.
9．According to the sixth paragraph, we know that________.
A．nobody else’s bulb could burn for more than 40 hours except Edison’s
B．Edison succeeded in making a light bulb easily
C．the filament made of carbon was the worst
D．Edison was the only one who wanted to invent a light bulb
（三）
Zhang Guimei, born in 1957 in Heilongjiang Province, is an amazing teacher who changed the lives of many poor girls in Yunnan Province. In 2008, she started Huaping Girls’ High School, the first free high school for girls in China.
As a teacher for over 40 years, Zhang saw many girls quit school (退学) because their families were poor or thought only boys needed education. She wanted to change this, so she worked hard to create a school where girls could study for free.
▲ Zhang lived with her students and worked long hours, from early morning until late at night. She travelled thousands of miles to visit students’ homes in the mountains, talking to parents about letting their daughters study. Even when she became very sick, she kept working to help her students.
Thanks to Zhang’s hard work, almost 2,000 girls from poor mountain areas have gone to college. Many of them have become teachers, doctors or police officers in their hometowns. Her school now has the best college entrance examination results in the area.
“As long as I can breathe, I will keep teaching,” Zhang once said. Her kind heart and hard work have made her a hero to many people in China.
10．What was Zhang Guimei’s greatest contribution to education
A．Teaching for over 40 years.
B．Working in mountain areas.
C．Starting China’s first free high school for girls.
D．Helping students achieve good exam results.
11．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The situation where girls quitted school.
B．The poverty.
C．The situation where boys got education.
D．The shortage of teachers.
12．Which is the proper sentence at the “ ▲ ”
A．School life made every girl happy.
B．Zhang had to give up her work at first.
C．Many students wanted to go back home.
D．In the beginning, life in the school was hard.
（四）
“Black Myth: Wukong” is a cool game. It comes from the book Journey to the West. The pictures are beautiful, and the story is interesting.
In the game, players can have fun being Sun Wukong. They can do many exciting things in the game. For example, they can go to different places and meet different people. If players want to win the game, they can use Wukong’s magic and skills, like 72 changes. It’s like the stories in the book. __★__ So many players from different countries also know Sun Wukong is very strong.
A Chinese team makes the game all by themselves. The team hopes to bring Chinese stories to the world. The game really brings the story of Sun Wukong to life. Players know more about the book Journey to the West. They also want to show the beauty of our country. And pictures are about some real (真实的) places in Shanxi, China. Players can see these beautiful places in the game. The team says it’s difficult to make the game, but they try their best.
13．Which of the following can be put in __★__
A．Chinese people want to play the game.
B．People don’t like the game.
C．The game is also welcome in the world.
D．We can only find the game in China.
14．The team makes the game because they want to ________.
A．tell us some great Chinese stories
B．show us some beautiful places
C．make a lot of money by themselves
D．help the world know more about Chinese stories and China
15．What would the writer talk about next
A．Games from different countries.
B．Real places in Shanxi.
C．The difficulties in making the game.
D．Another story from Journey to the West.
二、阅读匹配
（一）
Water is almost everywhere on the Earth. 16 Rivers, lakes and oceans are full of water. Rain is water from clouds in the sky. 17 If the temperature of water is under 0, it becomes ice. If water gets very hot, it becomes vapour.
18 We need water to drink, to wash dirty things, to cook, to water plants and to do many other things. Without water, all the living things on the Earth will die. A man can survive for a few weeks without food. 19 A few animals can get enough water from their food, but the others must drink.
20 Water keeps the body temperature the same. It also helps carry the things we need to all parts of the body.
A．Water is very important in our daily lives.
B．Water can change with the temperature.
C．Every day we need to drink plenty of water to keep our body healthy.
D．It covers over 70% of the Earth.
E．But he can only live for several days without water.
（二）
If an electrical accident (事故) happens, do you know what to do It’s important to know the rules of electricity safety. 21
If you saw someone getting shocked (触电), don’t touch the person. If you do, you may get shocked too. 22 Then call the police and tell them about the accident.
A person may look OK after getting a shock, but it’s still important to go to the hospital to have a check. 23 We may not see it from the outside. 24 You should also keep other people away. Then call the electrical workers to fix them.
When an electrical fire happens, remember not to use water to put it out. 25
A．Electricity burns from the inside of the body.
B．By following these rules, you may be safe.
C．It may make the fire worse.
D．You should first find an adult to turn off the power.
E．If the public electrical appliances like wires are broken, stay away from them.
（三）
Yang Liwei was the first man to travel in a Chinese spaceship. The spaceship, called Shenzhou 5, made China the third country to send people into space on their own. 26
27 His mother was a teacher, and his father was an accountant. He is married, and his wife is also in the army (部队)．
Yang was chosen as (被选作) a person to become an astronaut in 1998. 28 He was picked from a group of 13 persons to be part of China’s first manned spaceship to space. On October 15, 2003, the Shenzhou 5 spaceship was sent up from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. 29 Yang’s selection (选拔) as an astronaut was only told to the public the day before the launch.
Many people used to think that astronauts could see only the Great Wall of China from space. 30 Astronauts can see many cities from space, but unluckily, the Great Wall is so thin that they can’t see it.
A．Why is the sky blue
B．It was so beautiful from space.
C．And he trained for space travel for a long time.
D．However, Yang Liwei said he didn’t see it in space.
E．Yang Liwei was born on June 21, 1965, in Liaoning Province.
F．Before sending up, very few people knew about the Chinese astronauts.
G．Because of him, a new word was made up in the West to call Chinese astronauts “Taikonauts”．
（四）
Last year, I saw a band playing the guitar on the Internet and it looked so cool. 31 I said to myself that I could become a famous guitar player. But I didn’t realize that it would be so hard. 32 After a few classes, I wanted to give up. The teacher encouraged me. 33 Seeing this, my mother talked about it with me. “Alice, the people you watched must practise carefully many times before making the video. You need to be patient. 34 ” After hearing the words, I decided to try again. I practised much harder than before. I practised many times. After about the twentieth time, I could play quite a lot of songs. 35 As a result, I have got many medals.
A．I took part in some music competitions.
B．But I still chose to stop taking the lesson.
C．Nobody can succeed unless he or she tries hard.
D．So I joined one of the guitar clubs in our city.
E．I didn’t know how to deal with the difficulties I met.
三、阅读回答问题
（一）
Water is very important to our life. It is used in many ways. In our daily life, we use water for drinking, cooking, and washing. In industry, water is used in manufacturing processes. In agriculture, it is used to water crops.
However, water pollution is a big problem. Factories pour waste water into rivers and lakes, and people throw garbage into water. This makes the water dirty and harmful to living things.
To solve this problem, we should take some measures. We can save water by turning off the tap when not in use. We can also reduce water pollution by not throwing garbage into water and asking factories to treat waste water.
36．Why is water important in our daily life
37．How is water used in industry
38．What’s the problem with water
39．What should we do to solve the problem
40．Do you think it’s necessary to protect water Why or why not
41．What other ways can you think of to protect water
（二）
The world has lost a great translator. Xu Yuanchong, one of the world’s most famous Chinese translators, died at the age of 100 on 17 June, 2021.
Xu devoted himself to translation for more than 80 years. He published more than 100 translated novels, anthologies (选集) and plays in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers around the world.
“A translated work should be as beautiful as the original (原作),” Xu said. He used his creativity (创造力) to make this possible. Instead of directly translating words from one language to another, he changed the wording when necessary to make the text readable and related to readers. He translated Chinese poems into rhyming verses (押韵的诗节) in both English and French.
Thanks to his translations, English-speaking and French-speaking readers are able to better understand Chinese literature.
In 2014, Xu became the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature, one of the world’s highest prizes for translators.
Xu was a hard worker. He lived in an old house near Peking University. Every day, he would translate about 1,000 words, working until 3 to 4 a.m. Then he would sleep for about three hours and get up at 6 a. m. to continue working.
He often quoted (引用) a verse from Thomas Moore’s The Young May Moon: “And the best of all ways to lengthen (使延长) our days is to steal a few hours from the night.”
42．What foreign languages did Xu Yuanchong know
43．How should a translated work be according to Xu Yuanchong
44．Who can understand Chinese literature better because of Xu’s translations, English-speaking or French-speaking readers
45．What do you think of Xu from the last two paragraphs
（三）
Do you know yoga (瑜伽) As a popular sport, many people like doing it in their free time now. They think yoga can not only help them keep healthy but also make them feel relaxed.
In fact, yoga isn’t a new thing. People in India started practicing it around 5000 years ago. At that time, people found that many plants and animals could heal (治愈) themselves quickly. So they started to copy (模仿) their movements and then the sport of yoga came to the world soon.
Now over 300 million people in the world are practicing yoga. That’s because yoga has many advantages: According to NHS England, yoga can make you stronger, help you have a good sleep and keep you from getting too fat. What’s more, yoga is right for everyone. Young kids or old people, all can learn it. Famous tennis player Novak Djokovic practices yoga, too.
“Yoga helps me be the best and stops me from getting injured (受伤的),” he says.
After learning the facts about yoga, you must hope to start practicing it now. But don’t rush (匆忙). There are some tips (建议) for you. First of all, wear comfortable clothes and take off your shoes and socks. Second, eat on time. You had better not eat anything two or four hours before doing yoga. Third, have fun and enjoy it. You can play music while doing yoga, or practice outside in a park. Last, keep going. Do it for 30 minutes every day. If you are busy, three times a week will be OK, too.
46．How many people are there practice yoga
47．What does Novak Djokovic say
48．What do people think of yoga
49．How many tips does the writer give us on practicing yoga
50．Do you need to eat something before doing yoga
（四）
阅读下面短文，回答下面问题。
The students of Class 1, Grade 7 are going hiking on their trip. Hiking is good for people’s health. Many hikers like to hike in the forests and mountains.
Just walking for fun is the first kind of hiking. Many people like to hike in city parks or just on sidewalks (人行道).
A hike can take a few hours or weeks. People just need clothes and shoes that are right for the weather. At the beginning, hikers should start with walks that they can do in a few hours. When you get strong, you can go on, overnight (通宵) hikes. Later you can hike longer (较长) than that. You can make your hike last for a few days or weeks.
For safety, hikers should hike with fiends. It is a good idea to have one or two friends with you. Hikers should also carry a map. It’s useful.
Backpacking (背包旅行) is another kind of hiking. People carry food clothes and other things. People can stay many days in the places where there is no shop. They carry what they need in their bags.
Now, put on your hiking shoes and go on a hike!
51．Why is it good for us to go hiking
52．Where do many hikers like to hike
53．How many kinds of hiking are there in the text
54．What should hikers do for safety
55．What do people carry in their bags
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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参考答案
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文指出了全球面临严峻水问题，介绍了可用淡水资源短缺的现状、联合国设立世界水日的意义，以及中国通过“河长制”等行动应对水问题的举措。
1．细节理解题。根据“Only about 3 percent of the world’s water is fresh water. It’s in lakes, rivers and underground.”可知，淡水可以在如湖泊、河流和地下等地方找到，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“To remind people of the importance of water, the UN first set up World Water Day in 1993.”可知，世界水日旨在提醒人们珍惜水资源，了解水的重要性。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Most of the wastewater from our homes, cities, industry and agriculture flows directly back to nature.”可知，大部分的污水废水都会直接回到大自然里。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文呼吁大家保护水资源，讲述了保护水资源的政策。所以文章最有可能刊登在报纸上。故选B。
5．B 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A
【导语】本文主要介绍美国发明家托马斯 爱迪生通过发明电灯泡等1000多项发明改变了人们的生活，文中介绍了他的成长经历、重要发明历程及对世界的影响。
5．细节理解题。根据“In 1862. Edison saved a boy from being run over by a train…the father taught Edison how to operate the telegraph.”可知，爱迪生在1862年学会操作电报机，故选B。
6．细节理解题。已知爱迪生出生于1847年，文中提到“In 1876, Edison started the first research laboratory in New Jersey.”，1876-1847=29，即他29岁时在新泽西创办了第一个研究实验室，故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“His mother taught him reading and writing at home.”可知，他在家学习了阅读和写字，故选B。
8．推断判断题。根据“He is best remembered for inventing the long-lasting light bulb.”可知，文中强调爱迪生发明的电灯泡改变了人们的生活方式，这是他众多发明中最具影响力的，人们因此铭记和喜爱他，故选C。
9．推断判断题。根据“Edison tried hundreds of times, Finally he found a filament (灯丝) made of carbon. Edison’s lamp was a great success. It burned for more than 40 hours.”可知，在当时，除了爱迪生的灯泡，没有人的灯泡能烧40个小时以上，故选A。
10．C 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了张桂梅。
10．细节理解题。根据“In 2008, she started Huaping Girls’ High School, the first free high school for girls in China.”可知，张桂梅创办了中国第一所免费的女子高中，这是她对教育最大的贡献，故选C。
11．词句猜测题。根据“As a teacher for over 40 years, Zhang saw many girls quit school (退学) because their families were poor or thought only boys needed education.”可知，this指的是女孩因家庭贫困或者认为只有男孩需要教育而辍学的情况，故选A。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据“Zhang lived with her students and worked long hours, from early morning until late at night.”以及“Even when she became very sick, she kept working to help her students.”可以推断出开头阶段的生活是艰难的，选项D“In the beginning, life in the school was hard.”适合放在此处。故选D。
13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了一款中国游戏——《黑神话：悟空》，它融合了中国文化元素，特别是《西游记》中的孙悟空角色，以及游戏中展现的美丽真实场景，吸引了玩家的关注和喜爱，促进了世界对中国文化的了解。
13．推理判断题。根据空后的“So many players from different countries also know Sun Wukong is very strong.”可知，许多来自不同国家的玩家也知道孙悟空很强大，可推知这款游戏在世界其他地方也很受欢迎。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据“The team hopes to bring Chinese stories to the world.”以及“They also want to show the beauty of our country.”可知，该团队制作这款游戏是因为他们想帮助世界更多地了解中国故事和中国。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据“The team says it’s difficult to make the game, but they try their best.”可知，制作团队表示制作游戏很困难，所以可推知，接下来会讲述制作游戏的困难之处。故选C。
16．D 17．B 18．A 19．E 20．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了水在地球上的广泛存在、随温度的形态变化，以及其在日常生活和维持生命方面的重要作用。
16．前文提到“Water is almost everywhere on the Earth.”水几乎遍布地球各处，后文提到“Rivers, lakes and oceans are full of water.”河流、湖泊和海洋都充满了水，此空应进一步说明水在地球上的占比情况。选项D“它覆盖了地球超过70%的面积”符合语境，故选D。
17．根据后文“If the temperature of water is under 0, it becomes ice. If water gets very hot, it becomes vapour.”可知，水会随温度而产生变化。选项B“水会随着温度变化”能引出下文，故选B。
18．根据“We need water to drink, to wash dirty things, to cook, to water plants and to do many other things. Without water, all the living things on the Earth will die.”可知，我们需要水来饮用、清洗脏物、烹饪、浇灌植物以及做许多其他事情。没有水，地球上所有生物都会死亡。选项A“水在我们日常生活中非常重要”能概括后文内容，作为总起句，故选A。
19．根据前文“A man can survive for a few weeks without food.”可知，人没有食物可以存活几周，后文应对比说明没有水时人的存活情况。选项E“但人没有水只能存活几天”形成对比，突出水对人的重要性，故选E。
20．根据后文“Water keeps the body temperature the same. It also helps carry the things we need to all parts of the body.”可知阐述水对人体健康的作用。选项C“我们每天都需要饮用大量的水来保持身体健康”能引出后文内容，故选C。
21．B 22．D 23．A 24．E 25．C
【导语】本文旨在提供关于电气事故发生时的应对指南和安全建议。
21．根据“It’s important to know the rules of electricity safety.”可知，了解用电安全规则是很重要的，由此推知，遵循安全规则就会安全，B项“遵守这些规则，你就会很安全。”符合语境。故选B。
22．根据“If you saw someone getting shocked (触电), don’t touch the person. If you do, you may get shocked too.”可知，不能去触碰触电的人，因此此处应说明遇到触电的人应该怎么做，D项“你应该先找个大人来关掉电源。”符合语境。故选D。
23．根据“We may not see it from the outside.”可知，触电后是有潜在危险的，A项“电流从身体内部烧伤。”符合语境。故选A。
24．根据“You should also keep other people away. Then call the electrical workers to fix them.”可知，此处应描述需要叫电工来修理的情况，E项“如果电线等公共电器坏了，远离它们。”符合语境。故选E。
25．根据“remember not to use water to put it out.”可知，此处解释为什么不能用水扑火，C项“这可能会使火灾更严重。”符合语境。故选C。
26．G 27．E 28．C 29．F 30．D
【导语】本文向我们介绍了“中国的第一个宇航员”——杨利伟。
26．根据“The spaceship, called Shenzhou 5, made China the third country to send people into space on their own.”可知，此处应提到了与杨利伟以及航天有关的内容，选项G“因为他，西方造了一个新词来称呼中国宇航员‘Taikonauts’。”符合语境，故选G。
27．根据“His mother was a teacher, and his father was an accountant. He is married, and his wife is also in the army (部队)”可知，此处应介绍他的个人情况，选项E“杨利伟于1965年6月21日出生在辽宁省。”符合语境，故选E。
28．根据“Yang was chosen as (被选作) a person to become an astronaut in 1998.”及“ He was picked from a group of 13 persons to be part of China’s first manned spaceship to space.”可知，他被选为宇航员并接受训练，选项C“并且他为太空旅行训练了很长时间。”符合语境，故选 C。
29．根据“Yang’s selection (选拔) as an astronaut was only told to the public the day before the launch.”可知，此处提到了发射前的事情，选项F“在发射之前，很少有人知道中国的宇航员。”符合语境，故选F。
30．根据“Many people used to think that astronauts could see only the Great Wall of China from space.”及“Astronauts can see many cities from space, but unluckily, the Great Wall is so thin that they can’t see it.”可知，并不能看到长城，选项D“然而，杨利伟说他在太空中没有看到它。”符合语境，故选D。
31．D 32．E 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文讲述了作者学习弹吉他的经历。
31．根据上文“Last year, I saw a band playing the guitar on the Internet and it looked so cool.”可知，作者在网上看到一个乐队在弹吉他，看起来很酷。选项D“所以我加入了我们城市的一个吉他俱乐部。”符合语境，故选D。
32．根据上文“But I didn’t realize that it would be so hard.”可知，作者学习弹吉他时遇到了困难。选项E“我不知道如何处理我遇到的困难。”符合语境，故选E。
33．根据上文“After a few classes, I wanted to give up. The teacher encouraged me.”和下文“Seeing this, my mother talked about it with me.”可知，上文提到作者想要放弃，老师鼓励作者坚持下去，下文提到作者的妈妈来劝说作者，由此推知，虽然老师鼓励作者坚持，但是作者仍想放弃。选项B“但我还是选择了停止上课。”符合语境，故选B。
34．根据上文“Alice, the people you watched must practise carefully many times before making the video. You need to be patient.”可知，此处是作者的妈妈劝说作者的话。选项C“没有人能成功，除非他或她努力尝试。”符合语境，故选C。
35．根据下文“As a result, I have got many medals.”可知，作者获得了很多奖牌，由此推知，作者参加了比赛。选项A“我参加了一些音乐比赛。”符合语境，故选A。
36．Because we use water for drinking, cooking, and washing in our daily life. 37．Water is used in manufacturing processes in industry. 38．Water pollution is a big problem. Factories pour waste water and people throw garbage into water. 39．We can save water by turning off the tap when not using water and reduce water pollution by not throwing garbage into water and asking factories to treat waste water. 40．Yes, it’s necessary. Because water is essential for all living things, and without it, life can’t exist. 41．We can use water-saving appliances, support water-conservation policies, and participate in water-cleaning activities.
【导语】本文主要讲述了水在生活中的用途，水资源面临的问题以及如何解决这些问题。
36．根据第一段“Water is very important to our life. It is used in many ways. In our daily life, we use water for drinking, cooking, and washing.”可知，水对我们的生活非常重要，它有许多用途，在我们的日常生活中，我们用水来饮用、烹饪和洗涤。故填Because we use water for drinking, cooking, and washing in our daily life.
37．根据第一段“In industry, water is used in manufacturing processes.”可知，在工业中，水用于生产过程。故填Water is used in manufacturing processes in industry.
38．根据第二段“However, water pollution is a big problem. Factories pour waste water into rivers and lakes, and people throw garbage into water.”可知，水污染是一个大问题，工厂将废水倒入河流和湖泊，人们将垃圾扔进水中。故填Water pollution is a big problem. Factories pour waste water and people throw garbage into water.
39．根据第三段“To solve this problem, we should take some measures. We can save water by turning off the tap when not in use. We can also reduce water pollution by not throwing garbage into water and asking factories to treat waste water.”可知，为了解决这个问题，我们可以在不用水时关掉水龙头，也可以不往水里扔垃圾，要求工厂处理废水来减少水污染。故填We can save water by turning off the tap when not using water and reduce water pollution by not throwing garbage into water and asking factories to treat waste water.
40．此题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。故填Yes, it’s necessary. Because water is essential for all living things, and without it, life can’t exist.
41．此题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。故填We can use water-saving appliances, support water-conservation policies, and participate in water-cleaning activities.
42．English and French. 43．It should be as beautiful as the original. 44．Both./Both of them. 45．Xu Yuanchong is hard-working.
【导语】本文主要介绍了著名翻译家——许渊冲。
42．根据“He translated Chinese poems into rhyming verses (押韵的诗节) in both English and French.”可知，许渊冲会英语和法语这两门外语。故填English and French.
43．根据“A translated work should be as beautiful as the original (原作),”可知，许渊冲认为翻译的作品应该和原作一样美。故填It should be as beautiful as the original.
44．根据“Thanks to his translations, English-speaking and French-speaking readers are able to better understand Chinese literature.”可知，因为许渊冲的翻译，英语和法语读者都能更好地理解中国文学。故填Both./Both of them.
45．根据“Xu was a hard worker.”可知，他很勤奋。故填Xu Yuanchong is hard-working.
46．Over 300 milion. 47．Yoga helps him be the best and stops him from getting injured. 48．They think it can not only help them keep healthy but also make them feel relaxed. 49．Four./4. 50．No, we don’t.
【导语】本文主要介绍了瑜伽的优点以及作者给的建议。
46．根据“Now over 300 million people in the world are practicing yoga.”可知，有超过3亿人在练习瑜伽。故填Over 300 milion.
47．根据“‘Yoga helps me be the best and stops me from getting injured (受伤的)’ he says.”可知，Novak Diokovic说瑜伽帮助他做到最好，防止他受伤。故填Yoga helps him be the best and stops him from getting injured.
48．根据“They think yoga can not only help them keep healthy but also make them feel relaxed.”可知，人们认为瑜伽不仅能帮助他们保持健康，还能让他们感到放松。故填They think it can not only help them keep healthy but also make them feel relaxed.
49．根据“First of all ...”、“Second ...”、“Third ...”和“Last ...”可知，作者一共给了四条建议。故填Four./4.
50．根据“You had better not eat anything two or four hours before doing yoga.”可知，做瑜伽之前最好不要吃东西。故填No, we don’t.
51．Because hiking is good for people’s health. 52．Many hikers like to hike in the forests and mountains. 53．Two. 54．Hikers should hike with friends and carry a map. 55．People carry food, clothes and other things they need in their bags.
【导语】本文主要介绍了七年级一班的学生即将进行徒步旅行，并详细说明了徒步旅行的类型、所需时间、安全注意事项以及背包旅行的相关情况。
51．根据“Hiking is good for people’s health.”可知，徒步旅行对我们有好处是因为它对人们的健康有益。故填Because hiking is good for people’s health.
52．根据“Many hikers like to hike in the forests and mountains.”可知，许多徒步旅行者喜欢在森林和山里徒步。故填Many hikers like to hike in the forests and mountains.
53．根据“Just walking for fun is the first kind of hiking.”和“Backpacking is another kind of hiking.”可知，文中提到了两种徒步旅行的方式，一种是单纯为了乐趣而散步的徒步，另一种是背包旅行。故填Two.
54．根据“For safety, hikers should hike with friends. It is a good idea to have one or two friends with you. Hikers should also carry a map. It’s useful.”可知，为了安全，徒步旅行者应该和朋友一起徒步并且携带地图。故填Hikers should hike with friends and carry a map.
55．根据“People carry food, clothes and other things. They carry what they need in their bags.”可知，人们在包里携带食物、衣服和其他他们需要的东西。故填People carry food, clothes and other things they need in their bags.
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