资源简介

题型过关第4讲 短文填空
一、读懂语境
通过上下文理解句子含义，抓住关键词和逻辑关系，推测缺失单词的大致范围。
二、语法分析
根据句子结构判断词性（如名词、动词、形容词等）；
运用主谓宾、定状补等语法框架辅助判断。
字母匹配与验证
结合元音/辅音口诀初步筛选候选词；
通过"瞻前顾后"法验证：
看前一句是否提供线索，
看后一句是否与所填单词呼应。
三、实用技巧与注意事项
排除法
根据句意和语法排除明显不合适的选项，缩小选择范围。
多义词辨析
注意同音异义词和近义词的用法差异，避免因拼写相似而选错。
复查与调整
填写后通读全段，检查逻辑连贯性和词形变化是否正确。
四、扩展训练建议
专项练习 ：针对不同题型（如完型填空、语法填空）进行分类训练；
真题模拟 ：通过历年真题熟悉题型规律和难度；
错题整理 ：记录易错原因，定期回顾和强化薄弱环节。
通过以上方法，结合语法基础与解题技巧，可有效提升首字母填空的准确率。
一、同步专练
（一）
Water makes our lives, and we cannot live without it in our e 1 lives. Water has an interesting j 2 in the nature. Every day, water in the ocean turns into gas under the heat of the sun. This process f 3 water vapor. The water vapor rises into the sky and e 4 cools down to turn into clouds. When the clouds become heavy enough, water drops fall as rain or snow. The rain or snow r 5 to the earth and flows into rivers, lakes and oceans, starting its journey once time more.
（二）
Electricity safety tips
Electricity makes our lives easier. We use a lot of e 6 appliances in our homes every day. Here are three of them. How can we use them s 7 Rice cooker
●Keep the outside of the pot dry.
●Do not s 8 the rice cooker on if the pot is empty.
Washing machine
●Do not put your hand in the washing machine when it is on.
●Unplug it when you are not using it.
Microwave
●Do not turn it on when it is empty, b 9 it might start a fire.
●Stand at least one metre away from the microwave when it is on.
●Before you put an object in a microwave, make s 10 it is microwave safe.
（三）
Tu Youyou is a well-respected scientist. She has made huge c 11 to the world.
Tu Youyou s 12 many years doing research on medicine. She was e 13 to find a way to fight malaria. Her hard work paid off. She discovered artemisinin, which is a great achievement. Because of this discovery, she r 14 many awards, including the Nobel Prize. This was a great honor for her and for all of China.
Tu Youyou’s education in traditional Chinese medicine helped her a lot. Her teachers and the knowledge she learned in school laid a good foundation for her future work. People around the world praise her for her dedication and outstanding work. She is a role m 15 for us, showing that with hard work and determination, we can make a difference.
（四）
Learning English is important for students. To improve their various a 16 , they try different ways. For example, some Students review new words, grammar rules and texts frequently. This helps them remember better and build a solid foundation. While others c 17 similar words and expressions, this can enhance understanding. In class, students should actively take part in various activities, like p 18 English conversations or giving presentations. It can improve their speaking and communication s 19 . After school, students might use apps to study, which makes learning fun. They also discuss problems together and find out the best m 20 to solve their solutions. This way, they can think about problems differently and practice their critical and innovative thinking. Using these strategies makes learning English both effective and enjoyable, helping them become more confident in mastering the language.
真题链接
（一）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Some parts of the world are very hot and dry, with little rain. A team of scientists in Chile (智利) has been studying a way to collect water in these a 21 . It is called fog harvesting (收集).
Fog is like a cloud near the ground. It has tiny water drops. To catch these drops, scientists put up big nets (网) in the mountains. When fog passes t 22 the nets, the drops stick to the wires, grow bigger, and fall into pipes. The water is then stored in tanks (箱).
In Alto Hospicio, this method works w 23 . Every week, the nets collect enough water for thousands of people. Just 17, 000 square meters of nets can provide (提供) 300, 000 liters (升) of water! More nets could even water the city’s parks and plants.
Now, scientists are s 24 where else fog harvesting can work. They check how much fog an area gets, how thick it is, and how the wind blows. They want to make a special map to show the best places for fog harvesting.
This idea helps people in d 25 places get water without waiting for rain. It’s simple, cheap, and uses nature’s resources (资源). Maybe one day, more places around the world can try it too!
（二）
Mr Liu’s family is just like ours. But this family has done something different.
About seven years ago, they moved to the countryside and built a house. They used the wind and the sun to p 26 the house.
Mr Liu wanted his family to do something for protecting the Earth, so he set some r 27 for his family. Then, he began to make electricity to power everything in their daily life.
The kids worried about their life at first. “Will we still be able to watch TV What about the computer ” they asked. “Don’t worry,” said their father. “We’ll make electricity by ourselves. It doesn’t mean we have to live in the past.”
“We are going to set up a wind generator,” said Mrs Liu. “It is a great way to p 28 electricity. It’s not only free but also clean. The wind doesn’t blow all the time, though. So we need to store our power. Then, when there is no wind, we will still have power to make everything work in our house.”
Mr Liu added, “We are also going to collect energy from the Sun and turn it into e 29 . So, when the wind blows, we have power. When the Sun s 30 , we have power, too.” Now, they are living happily in their self-powered home.
（三）
Battery is used in families and machines. The chemicals inside it can p 31 electricity. It’s quite convenient for humans’ lives. Now an old battery is getting a makeover (改造) and can give electric cars more energy to run. The nickel-Iron (镍铁) battery was i 32 over 100 years ago and now scientists in Harvard University have improved it to work in minutes and give off energy quickly. This can help electric cars run faster. What’s more, this kind of battery is less h 33 than the common (平常) ones. This new kind of battery hasn’t been used in daily lives, but people are all i 34 in it. Scientists say they are working hard to make it into market as soon as possible. They believe that the battery will make another great c 35 for people’s lives.
（四）
根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词
Keeping Pets is a popular computer game among students. They are interested in f 36 the pet, bathing the pet and playing with the pet. Keeping pets can also help them learn how to take care of o 37 . If students look after them well, they aren’t any t 38 . But if a student s 39 a lot of time on the game, this will make his parents w 40 about his study. If students can keep the balance (平衡) between studying and playing, it’s not bad for them to keep pets.
（五）
Water is important in our life. We use it in many ways. But there is less and less clean water. Some places are very d 41 because there isn’t enough water. People there have to get water from far away. We should save water. We can start from small things. For example, we can wash our hands w 42 less water. We can also c 43 rainwater for later use. If we all do our part, we can make a big d 44 to the water problem. Let’s s 45 every drop of water.
（六）
Water is very important in our life. We use it in many w 46 . We drink it, cook with it and wash things with it. But there isn’t enough water on the e 47 for everyone. Some places are very dry. People there have to s 48 water carefully. They can only take a q 49 shower once a week. We should learn from them and save water in our daily life. We can turn off the tap when we brush our t 50 and wash as many clothes as possible at a time.
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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参考答案
1．(e)veryday 2．(j)ourney 3．(f)orms 4．(e)ventually 5．(r)eturns
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水在自然界中的循环过程，从水蒸发形成水蒸气，到水蒸气冷却凝结成云，最终降落到地面，周而复始。
1．句意：水成就了生命，日常生活中我们离开水就无法生存。整个句子在说水对我们的重要性，所以应该填一个形容词，和“lives”搭配。同时根据首字母e，这里应填“everyday”，表示“日常”生活。故填(e)veryday。
2．句意：水在自然界中有一段有趣的旅程。这里应该填一个名词，表示水在自然界中的循环或旅程，结合首字母j，journey“旅程”符合语境。故填(j)ourney。
3．句意：这个过程形成了水蒸气。首字母是f，这里需要一个动词，表示这个过程“形成”水蒸气。动词form符合语境，且使用第三人称单数。故填(f)orms。
4．句意：水蒸气上升到空中，又最终冷却形成云。首字母是e，这里需要一个副词，表示最终冷却下来形成云，eventually“最终”符合语境。故填(e)ventually。
5．句意：雨雪回到地面汇入河流、湖泊和大海，再一次开始它的旅程。首字母是r，这里需要一个动词，表示雨或雪返回地球，所以return是正确的，且使用第三人称单数。故填(r)eturns。
6．(e)lectrical 7．(s)afely 8．(s)witch 9．(b)ecause 10．(s)ure
【导语】本文介绍了电饭煲、洗衣机和微波炉这三种常见电器的安全使用指南。
6．句意：我们每天在家里使用很多电器。根据“appliances”和首字母可知，此处指电器，应填形容词electrical，修饰名词appliances。故填(e)lectrical。
7．句意：我们如何安全地使用它们？根据下文内容和首字母可知，下文主要介绍了如何安全使用电器，因此此处填副词safely，修饰动词use。故填(s)afely。
8．句意：如果锅是空的，不要打开电饭煲。根据“Do not... the rice cooker on if the pot is empty.”和首字母可知，此处指不要在没有放米的情况下打开电饭煲，switch“（用开关）打开”，该句为祈使句否定形式，空处使用动词原形。故填(s)witch。
9．句意：不要在它空的时候打开它，因为它可能会引起火灾。“Do not turn it on when it is empty,”和“it might start a fire.”之间是因果关系，前果后因，因此用连词because。故填(b)ecause。
10．句意：在你把东西放进微波炉之前，确保它是安全的。根据“Before you put an object in a microwave,”和首字母并结合常识可知，使用微波炉之前要确保它是安全的，make sure“确保”。故填(s)ure。
11．(c)ontributions 12．(s)pent 13．(e)ager 14．(r)eceived 15．(m)odel
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了著名科学家屠呦呦的成就和贡献。
11．句意：她对世界做出了巨大贡献。根据“Tu Youyou is a well-respected scientist. She has made huge...to the world.”和首字母提示可知，屠呦呦作出了巨大贡献，contribution“贡献”，此处应用复数表示多个。故填(c)ontributions。
12．句意：屠呦呦花费多年时间研究药物。根据“Tu Youyou...many years doing research”和首字母提示可知，spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，且根据该段可知是一般过去时，故用过去式。故填(s)pent。
13．句意：她渴望找到对抗疟疾的方法。根据“She was...to find a way to fight malaria.”和首字母提示可知，她渴望找到对抗疟疾的方法，eager“渴望的”符合语境。故填(e)ager。
14．句意：由于这一发现，她获得了包括诺贝尔奖在内的许多奖项。根据“she...many awards, including the Nobel Prize.”和首字母提示可知，她获得了许多奖。receive“获得”，且是一般过去时，故用过去式。故填(r)eceived。
15．句意：她是我们的榜样，告诉我们通过努力和决心，我们可以有所作为。根据“She is a role...for us”和首字母提示可知，她是我们的榜样。a role model“榜样”为固定搭配。故填(m)odel。
16．(a)bilities 17．(c)ompare 18．(p)racticing/(p)erforming 19．(s)kills 20．(m)ethods
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了学生提升英语能力的多样化策略。全文以“高效且愉快的学习”为核心，展现了语言习得的科学路径。
16．句意：为了提高他们的各种能力，他们尝试不同的方法。根据“To improve their various...they try different ways.”可知，此处填入名词复数形式；结合首字母a及语境“提高能力”，“能力”ability，故填(a)bilities。
17．句意：当其他人比较相似的单词和表达时，这可以增强理解。根据“similar words and expressions”及首字母c，此处需动词原形，表示“对比分析”，“对比”compare，故填(c)ompare。
18．句意：在课堂上，学生应积极参与活动，如练习/表演英语对话或演讲。根据“like...English conversations”及首字母p，此处用动名词作宾语，表示“练习”或者“表演”英语对话，“练习”practice；“表演”perform，故填(p)racticing/(p)erforming。
19．句意：这能提高他们的口语和沟通技能。根据“speaking and communication”及首字母s，此处需名词复数，且与“能力”相关，“能力”skill，故填(s)kills。
20．句意：他们还一起讨论问题，找出解决问题的最佳方法。根据“find out the best...to solve”及首字母m可知，需名词复数表示“方法”methods，故填(m)ethods。
21．(a)reas 22．(t)hrough 23．(w)ell 24．(s)tudying 25．(d)ry
【导语】本文主要介绍了智利科学家研究的一种在干旱地区收集雾水的方法。
21．句意：智利的一个科学家团队一直在研究一种在这些地区收集水的方法。根据上文“Some parts of the world are very hot and dry, with little rain”并结合首字母可知，此处指这些非常炎热干燥的地区，area“地区”，根据空前的“these”可知，此处用复数形式。故填(a)reas。
22．句意：当雾穿过网时，水滴会粘在铁丝上，变得更大，然后落入管道。根据“When fog passes…he nets”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指在物体内部穿过，through“穿过”符合。故填(t)hrough。
23．句意：在Alto Hospicio，这种方法效果很好。根据下文“Every week, the nets collect enough water for thousands of people.”并结合首字母提示可知，这种方法效果很好，well“好”符合。故填(w)ell。
24．句意：现在，科学家们正在研究雾收集还可以在哪些地方起作用。根据“scientists are…where else fog harvesting can work”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指科学家们正在研究雾收集还可以在哪些地方起作用，study“研究”，应用现在分词形式，与are构成现在进行时。故填(s)tudying。
25．句意：这个想法可以帮助干旱地区的人们不必等到下雨就能获得水。根据上文“Some parts of the world are very hot and dry”并结合首字母提示可知，此处指干旱地区，dry“干的”。故填(d)ry。
26．(p)ower 27．(r)ules 28．(p)roduce 29．(e)nergy 30．(s)hines
【导语】本文讲述了刘先生一家搬到乡村后，通过风能和太阳能实现家庭能源自给自足的故事。
26．句意：他们利用风能和太阳能为房屋供电。根据“the house”和首字母提示可知，给房子供电，power符合句意，故填(p)ower。
27．句意：刘先生希望家人为保护地球出力，因此制定了一些家规。根据“Mr Liu wanted his family to do something for protecting the Earth”和首字母提示可知，为保护地球而制定规则，some后接名词复数，rules符合句意，故填(r)ules。
28．句意：这是一种很好的发电方式。根据“We are going to set up a wind generator”和首字母提示可知，风力发电机用来发电，produce符合句意，故填(p)roduce。
29．句意：我们还会收集太阳能转化为电能。根据“We are also going to collect energy from the Sun and turn it into...”和首字母提示可知，太阳能转化为电能，energy符合句意，故填(e)nergy。
30．句意：所以，当风吹起的时候，我们有电力。当太阳照耀时，我们也有电力。根据“we have power, too.”和首字母提示可知，太阳照耀，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是单数，shines符合句意，故填(s)hines。
31．(p)roduce 32．(i)nvented 33．(h)armful 34．(i)nterested 35．(c)hange
【导语】本文主要介绍了镍铁电池的改造及其在电动汽车中的应用前景。
31．句意：它内部的化学物质可以产生电力。根据上文“Battery is used in families and machines.”并结合首字母提示可知，it指代上文中的电池，指电池内部的化学物质可以产生电力，produce“生产”，根据空前的“can”可知，此处用动词原形。故填(p)roduce。
32．句意：镍铁电池是100多年前发明的，现在哈佛大学的科学家们已经改进了它，使其在几分钟内工作并快速释放能量。根据“The nickel-Iron (镍铁) battery was…over 100 years ago”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处介绍镍铁电池发明的时间，invent“发明”，此处应用过去分词形式，构成被动语态。故填(i)nvented。
33．句意：此外，这种电池比普通电池的危害更小。根据“this kind of battery is less…than the common (平常) ones”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指这种电池比普通电池的危害更小，harmful“有害的”符合。故填(h)armful。
34．句意：这种新型电池还没有在日常生活中使用，但人们都对它感兴趣。根据“This new kind of battery hasn’t been used in daily lives, but people are all…in it.”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处句意发生了转折，指人们都对这种新型电池感兴趣，be interested in…“对……感兴趣”，是固定搭配。故填(i)nterested。
35．句意：他们相信电池将为人们的生活带来另一个巨大的改变。根据“They believe that the battery will make another great… for people’s lives.”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指电池将为人们的生活带来另一个巨大的改变，change“改变”符合。故填(c)hange。
36．(f)eeding 37．(o)thers 38．(t)rouble 39．(s)pends 40．(w)orry
【导语】文主要讲述了在学生中非常流行的一款电脑游戏及其利弊。
36．句意：他们对喂宠物、给宠物洗澡以及和宠物玩耍很感兴趣。根据“Keeping Pets is a popular computer game among students.”和首字母f可知，此处表示饲养宠物，因此喂宠物，feed“喂”，be interested in doing sth“对做某事感兴趣”，故填(f)eeding。
37．句意：《养宠物》还可以帮助他们学会如何照顾他人。根据“Keeping pets can also help them how to take care of...”和首字母o可知，此处表示这款游戏能帮助学会照顾人，others“其他人”，是代词，作宾语，故填(o)thers。
38．句意：如果学生们照顾好它们，它们就不会是任何麻烦。根据“If students look after them well,”和首字母t可知，如果学生能照顾好它们，它们就不是麻烦，trouble“麻烦”，是名词，有any修饰，用单数名词。故填(t)rouble。
39．句意：但是如果一个学生花很多时间在这款游戏上，这会让他的父母担心他的学习。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，主语a student是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填(s)pends。
40．句意：但是如果一个学生花很多时间在这款游戏上，这会让他的父母担心他的学习。根据“But if a student s... a lot of time on the game,”和首字母w可知，一个学生在这款游戏上花费很多时间，这会让他的父母担心他的学习，worry about“担心”，make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，故填(w)orry。
41．(d)ry 42．(w)ith 43．(c)ollect 44．(d)ifference 45．(s)ave
【导语】本文主要强调水的重要性，指出水资源短缺问题，呼吁大家节约用水并从日常小事做起为保护水资源做出贡献。
41．句意：有些地方非常干燥，因为没有足够的水。根据“because there isn’t enough water”和首字母提示可知，没有足够的水的地方是干燥的；dry“干燥的”，是形容词。故填(d)ry。
42．句意：例如，我们可以用更少的水洗手。根据“we can wash our hands... less water.”和首字母提示可知，此处指用水洗手，应填介词with。故填(w)ith。
43．句意：我们也可以收集雨水供以后使用。根据“We can also... rainwater for later use.”和首字母提示可知，此处指收集雨水，应填动词collect，can后接动词原形。故填(c)ollect。
44．句意：如果我们都尽自己的一份力量，我们就能对水问题产生很大的影响。根据“If we all do our part, we can make a big... to the water problem.”和首字母提示可知，此处指产生影响，应填difference；make a difference to“对……产生影响”。故填(d)ifference。
45．句意：让我们节约每一滴水。根据“ Let’s... every drop of water.”和首字母提示可知，此处指节约用水，应填动词save；let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，因此填动词原形。故填(s)ave。
46．(w)ays 47．(e)arth 48．(s)ave 49．(q)uick 50．(t)eeth
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了水在生活中的重要性以及节约用水的必要性。
46．句意：我们在很多方面用到它。根据首字母w和后文举例“We drink it, cook with it and wash things with it.”可知，此句表示我们在很多方面用到水，way“方面”，可数名词，in many ways表示“在很多方面”，故填(w)ays。
47．句意：但地球上的水对所有人来说不够。根据首字母e和“on the...for everyone”可知，on the earth意为“地球上”，符合语境。故填(e)arth。
48．句意：那里的人们必须认真节约用水。根据前文“Some places are very dry.”和首字母s可知，干旱地区的人们必须节约用水，save“节约”；have to“不得不”后接动词原形。故填(s)ave。
49．句意：他们每周只能洗一次快澡。分析句子可知，此处填形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词shower；根据“take a...shower”和首字母q可知，干旱地区的人们只能洗快澡，quick“快速的”，形容词作定语修饰shower。故填(q)uick。
50．句意：我们可以在刷牙时关掉水龙头，一次洗尽可能多的衣服。根据“We can turn off the tap when we brush our...”和首字母t可知，teeth“牙齿”，名词复数，作宾语，表示刷牙时关闭水龙头，故填(t)eeth。
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