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(共27张PPT)
现在分词做状语
Unit2 Morals and virtues
Discovering useful structures
The verb----ing form as adverbial
Fill in the blanks
现在分词的时态语态 一般式 完成式
主动
被动
doing
having been done
having done
being done
Review
1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area.
2. They lived in a room facing the street.
3. His favourite sport is swimming.
4. The present situation is encouraging.
观察归纳：1. 动词－ing形式作________表示所修饰_____词的属性、作用或用途；也表示所修饰名词的动作或状态，相当于一个______ 从句。
2. 动词ing形式做句子的_______或主语(表语和主语可互换)。
还可以表示主语的某种性质和特征时，通常可以看作______词。
定语
名
定语
表语
形容
What is the function of the V-ing form
主动形式(否) 被动形式（否）
一般式
完成式
(not) doing
(not) having done
(not) being done
(not) having been done
1. “Why should girls learn so much ” her brother complained, ________ (think) the high tuition fees.
2. _________ (think) of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
3. At times she was even seen _______ (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
4. The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi _______ (play) a key role.
5. She was known as “the mother of ten thousand babies”, _________ (have) delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
Fill in the blanks.
thinking
Thinking
riding
playing
having
作状语
作状语
作状语
作宾补
作宾补
动词-ing 形式作状语和宾语补足语
●动词-ing 形式作状语●
一　概述
动词-ing形式作状语，实际上就是现在分词作状语。现在分词是英语语法的一个重要项目。它跟不定式、动名词、过去分词一样，同属于非谓语动词。
　　现在分词无人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语， 但它具备动词的基本特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。
附：单元语法全解
　现在分词有一般式、完成式两种时态形式，以及主动、被动两种语态形式。它的各种形式如下表所示（以动词do 为例）：
1. 现在分词一般式表示与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生
A group of students walked along the street，shouting and laughing.
一群学生沿街走着，喊着笑着。
2. 现在分词完成式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生
Having lived there for 3 years，he knows the way very well.
由于在那里住了3 年，他对那里的路非常熟悉。
Having been ill for three months，he felt he was cut off from the world.
由于病了三个月，他感觉自己与世隔绝了。
3. 现在分词的被动式
现在分词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者，它们之间是被动关系。
The question being discussed is of great importance.
正在讨论的那个问题很重要。
Having been caught in the rain for a long time，he was wet all over.
由于被雨淋了很长时间，他浑身都湿透了。
二　现在分词作状语的基本用法
现在分词（短语）在句中可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随或方式状语、条件状语、让步状语、程度状语、评注性状语等。在一个复合句中，当主句的主语与从句的主语完全一致时， 为了表达简练，我们可以把从句转换为分词短语形式，用以代替原来的从句。反过来，分词短语作状语，又可以转换成相应的状语从句。
1. 作时间状语
　　现在分词作时间状语，相当于when，while，after 等引导的时间状语从句。一般式表示动作与谓语动词表示动作同时或相继发生。完成式表示动作先于谓语动词表示动作发生。
Hearing the exciting news，we jumped with joy.
听到这个令人振奋的消息时，我们高兴地跳了起来。
Seeing the old photos，I remembered my childhood.
看到这些老照片时，我想起了我的童年。
Having finished the housework，she got ready to go shopping.
做完家务活之后，她准备去购物。
Having completed his homework，Tom went out to play for a while.
完成家庭作业之后，汤姆出去玩了一会儿。
2. 作原因状语
　　现在分词作原因状语，相当于because，since，as 等引导的原因状语从句。原因通常早于结果，故现在分词多用完成式，但对于静态动词，如感知、认知动词know，see， realise，find，think 等以及be 动词，多用一般式。
Living far from the company，Josie has to get up early every morning.
由于住得离公司远，乔茜每天早晨不得不早起。
Not knowing her address or phone number，we couldn’t get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址和电话号码，我们无法与她取得联系。
Having smoked too much，he has suffered from lung cancer.
由于抽烟太多，他患了肺癌。
Not having received an answer，he decided to write another letter.
因没有收到回信，他决定再写一封信。
3. 作结果状语
　　现在分词作结果状语，一般位于句末。前文表示原因， 现在分词表示造成的必然结果。
The fire lasted nearly two days，leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了将近两天，没剩下有价值的东西。
It has rained for over ten days，causing the river to rise.
下了十多天雨，致使河水上涨。
His wife died in 2012，leaving him with three children.
他妻子于2012 年去世，留下他和三个孩子。
1. They found a dog sleeping on the street.(改被动句)
2. They heard him singing in next room.(改被动句)
3. We mustn't keep them waiting.(改被动句)
注意： 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
= The dog is found sleeping on the street.
他们发现一只狗在街上睡觉。
= He was heard singing in the next room.
有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
= They mustn't be kept waiting.
千万不能让他们等。
问题导学
2.哪些词或结构后可用V-ing 作宾语补足语？
① We saw a butterfly dancing near the window.
② I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
③ As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.
④ Listen to the birds singing.
⑤ I didn’t notice him waiting.
表示__________________的动词, 常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等，后可接v-ing 作宾补。
感觉和心理状态
观察归纳1：
1. 现在分词短语作伴随状语置于句首或句末
Step 1 伴随状语
2. 现在分词作状语，表伴随，即现在分词与谓语动词两个动作同时发生。
He sits on the bank and he is sleeping.
= He sits on the bank,_________.
sleeping
总结：现在分词 作时间状语，相当于一个_________。(注意时间先后)
-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。
Step 2 时间状语
时间状语从句
“祈使句 + and + 简单句”也具有上述用法。请比较它们之间的差异：
Going straight down the road，you will find the hospital.
→ Go straight down the road，and you will find the hospital.
Working hard，you are sure to succeed.
→ Work hard，and you are sure to succeed.
7. 作让步状语
　　现在分词作让步状语，相当于 though/although，even if/ even though 等引导的让步状语从句，此用法相对少见。
Having failed many times，I still have faith in my future.
= Though I have failed many times，I still have faith in my future.
尽管失败多次，我仍然对我的未来充满信心。
Admitting that he has made some progress，I still don’t think he has tried his best. 我承认他取得了一些进步，但我仍然认为他没有尽全力。
8. 作程度状语
　　在一些习惯用法中，现在分词可以作程度状语，意为“很，非常，极度”，相当于程度副词very，extremely 等。
I was boiling hot and sweaty. 我浑身滚烫，大汗淋漓。
It’s freezing cold today for October.
对于十月份来说，今天天气太冷了。
It was burning hot yesterday. 昨天非常炎热。
Lanny is an amazing beautiful girl.
兰妮是一个非常漂亮的姑娘。
9. 作评注性状语
　　有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点、评价等，我们称这种状语为评注性状语。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般说来
personally speaking 就我个人而言
frankly speaking 坦白地说
honestly speaking 诚实地说
strictly speaking 严格地说
judging from/by... 由……判断
talking of/about... 谈到……
considering... 考虑到……
taking...into consideration考虑到……
Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般说来，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
三　现在分词作状语的注意事项
1. 现在分词作状语时，可以根据意义在其前加上相应的连词（词组），如when，while，once，though，although， as long as，if，as if，as though，even if，even though 等， 让状语的含义更加明确。有时这类结构也可视作状语从句的省略。
While reading a newspaper，I heard the doorbell ring. 看报纸时我听见门铃响了。
When crossing the street，do be careful. 过马路时务必小心。
He paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 他停了停，仿佛在期待玛丽说话。
2. 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致。否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成“独立主格结构”。简言之，独立主格结构是自带主语的分词短语。
The clock striking twelve，I went to bed.
钟表敲了十二下，我就上床睡觉了。
She lay against the wall，the sun shining upon her face.
她靠墙躺着，阳光照在她的脸上。
动词-ing形式作状语和宾补
作宾补
作状语
主动:____________________
被动：___________________
________________________________________________
1.逻辑主语与主句主语 ;
2.否定形式: .
形式
类型
注意
doing / having done
being done / having been done
时间状语
原因状语
结果状语
条件状语
让步状语
方式状语
伴随状语
一致
not / never + v-ing
8. China’s approach to _________ (protect) its environment while _________ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
9. ___________ (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
10. Some students will feel a growing sense of anxiety with the exam _________ (draw) near while others may appear calm.
Not knowing
drawing
高考链接
protecting
feeding
语法填空
Mary looked at the beautiful ripe plums（梅子）. She would make lovely jam. When she had finished the 1.________ （cook）, she filled all her empty jam jars, 2.________ （leave） the rest of the jam in the pan. She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler. But just then the telephone rang.3._________________（learn） that her mother was in hospital after a car accident, Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.
Some days later, her husband, John, came home from a business trip. He had been traveling all day and felt like 4._______（have） a drink and a piece of cake.5._________ （enter） the kitchen he saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it. He
cooking
leaving
Having learned
having
Entering

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