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（1）Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you—高一英语外研版（2019）必修三期末易错题集训
过去分词作状语
一、过去分词作状语的基本用法
1. 过去分词作状语的功能
过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Completed last month, the bridge now facilitates daily traffic.
这座桥上个月完工，现在为日常交通提供了便利。
2. 过去分词作状语的类型
过去分词作状语时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。
3. 过去分词作状语的位置
过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。
状语类型 例句
原因 Surprised by the news, she couldn’t say a word. 因为被这个消息震惊到，她一句话都说不出来。
条件 Given proper guidance, students can achieve better results. 如果给予适当指导，学生们能取得更好的成绩。
让步 Though defeated in the match, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管在比赛中失利，他并未灰心。
时间 After warned about the danger, they still decided to go ahead. 在被警告有危险后，他们仍然决定继续进行。
方式 The singer performed on stage, accompanied by a live band. 这位歌手在现场乐队的伴奏下登台表演。
伴随 The teacher left the classroom, followed by a group of students. 老师离开教室，一群学生跟在后面。
二、过去分词作状语的注意事项
1. 过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when, while, if, though, as if, unless等,构成 “连词+过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。
2. 过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致（现在分词作状语同样如此），否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。
Fascinated by the story, she read it all night.她被这个故事迷住了，整晚都在阅读。(fascinate的逻辑主语是she)
He sat in the corner, his hands folded in front of him.他坐在角落里，双手交叉放在身前。(his hands...him为独立主格结构,fold的逻辑主语是his hands)
3. 有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有：lost（迷失的）,seated（坐下来的）,hidden（隐藏的）,lost/absorbed in（沉浸于）,dressed in（穿着）,tired of（厌烦）等。
Lost in thought, he almost missed his stop.他陷入沉思，差点坐过站。
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
语法 逻辑关系 时间概念
过去分词作状语 过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。
现在分词作状语 现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动 现在分词的一般式（doing）表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式（having done）表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
易错题
一、句子填空
1.Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______(compare) with his old one.
2.______ (serve) on different occasions and playing a significant part in daily communication, tea is everywhere on the globe today.
3.______ (face) with the evidence, he had no choice but to admit his crime.
4.______ (equip) with 5G technology, Huawei smartphones have been put on the market and are well received by young people.
5.______ (give) your extensive experience in the field, we are glad to appoint you as our agent.
6.______ (inspire)by the sparrow hawk (鹰) circling around in the sky, Lu Ban made one with bamboo and called it “bamboo sparrow”.
7. ______ (lead) by well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang Ping, they have continued to aim high.
8.______ (beat) by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart.
9.______ (found) in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest institution of higher learning in the US.
10.______ (absorb) in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching.
二、阅读理解
China has set new rules limiting the amount of time children can spend playing online games. The rules limit children to just three hours of online game playing a week. That is one hour between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. on Friday, Saturday and Sunday most weeks.
Li Zhanguo has two children aged 4 and 8. Even though they do not have smartphones, they enjoy playing online games. Like many other parents. Li is happy with new government rules. But experts say it is unclear if such policies can help prevent addiction to online games. Children might just get addicted to social media instead. In the end, experts say, parents should be the ones to set limits and support good practice.
There has been a growing concern in China about gaming addiction among children. Government reports in 2018 found that about one in ten Chinese children were addicted to the Internet. The new rules are part of an effort to prevent young people from spending too much time on unhealthy entertainment. That includes what officials call the “irrational fan culture”.
Under the new rules, the responsibility for making sure children play only three hours a day falls largely on Chinese gaming companies like Net Ease and Ten panies have set up real-name registration systems to prevent young users from going past game time limits. They have used facial recognition technology to check their identities. And they have also set up a program that permits people to report what is against the law. It is unclear what punishments gaming companies may face if they do not carry out the policies. And even if such policies are performed, it is also unclear whether they can prevent online addiction.
A specialist treating Internet addiction expects about 20 percent of children will find ways to break the rules by borrowing accounts of their older relatives and find a way around facial recognition. In his opinion, short-video alps such as Douyin and Kuaishou are also very popular in China. They are not under the same restrictions as games.
1. When can children play games according to the new rules
A. Between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. On Friday.
B. Between 8 p. m. and 9 p.m. On Tuesday.
C. Between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. On Saturday.
D. Between 10 p. m. and 11 p.m. On Thursday.
2. According to experts, _________.
A. the new rules can stop children’s addiction to social media
B. companies are more responsible for kids’ obeying the rules
C. the new rules will help prevent children playing online games
D. parents play a greater part in limiting the time of online games
3. What will children probably do to battle with the new rules
A. Design an advanced program.
B. Use facial recognition systems.
C. Set up real-name registration systems.
D. Borrow accounts of their older relatives.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Rules Limiting Short-video apps
B. Rules Limiting Video Game Time
C. Rules Banning Irrational Fan Culture
D. Rules Breaking Addiction to Social Media
三、七选五
The relative humidity (湿度) of the air affects how comfortable we feel. Humidity is the amount of water in the air. ①_________. If you are standing in the bathroom after a hot shower and can see the steam hanging in the air, or if you are outside after a heavy rain, then you are in an area of high humidity.
Air contains a certain amount of water vapor (蒸汽). The amount of water vapor depends on the temperature of that air. ②_________. A low relative humidity means that the air is dry and could hold a lot more wet at that temperature.
If the temperature is 25℃ and a cubic (立方的) meter of air contains 22 grams of water, then the relative humidity is 100 percent. If it contains 11 grams of water, the relative humidity is 50percent.
③_________. If the relative humidity is 100 percent, it means that water will not go into the air. Our bodies rely on the evaporation from our skin for cooling. The lower the relative humidity, the easier it is for water to evaporate from our skin and the cooler we feel.
If the relative humidity is 100 percent, we feel much hotter than the actual temperature indicates because our sweat does not evaporate at all. ④_________, we feel cooler than the actual temperature because our sweat evaporates easily. We can also feel extremely dry.
Low humidity makes it seem colder than it actually is. In summer, high humidity makes it seem warmer than it is because sweat cannot evaporate from your body. ⑤_________.
A. In fact, you can see or feel it
B. If the relative humidity is low
C. If it contains more grams of water
D. The warmer the air is, the more water it can hold
E. In winter, low humidity has the opposite effect
F. There are many different ways to raise the humidity in your home
G. The relative humidity plays a large role in affecting our comfort level
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：compared
解析：句意为: 和他的旧房子相比, 迈克尔的新家像一个大宫殿。此处考查非谓语动词作状语, 逻辑主语house和compare之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词, 故填compared。
2.答案：Served
解析：句意为: 茶在不同的场合被供应, 且在日常交流中起着重要的作用, 如今, 茶在全球无处不在。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语形式作状语; serve 和主语 tea 之间是逻辑上的被动关系, 应用过去分词。故填 Served。
3.答案：Faced
解析：句意为:面对证据,他别无选择,只能承认他的罪行。be faced with...为固定搭配,意为“面对……”;分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作状语,应省略be动词。故填 Faced。
4.答案：Equipped
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：搭载5G技术的华为智能手机已经投放市场，受到年轻人的欢迎。短语be equipped with表示“配备”，句子主语Huawei smartphones和动词equip之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Equipped。
5.答案：Given
解析：考查介词。句意：鉴于你们在这一业务范围的丰富经验，我们很高兴指定你们为我们的代理。分析可知，“_____(give) your extensive experience in the field”为句子的状语，“介词+名词短语”可作状语，因此所填空应是介词。“give”，动词，意为“给予”，“given”既为其过去分词，也可单独作介词使用，意为“考虑到；如果，倘若”，“given+名词短语”，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”，在句中作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Given。
6.答案：Inspired
解析：考查非谓语。句意：鲁班受空中盘旋的麻雀鹰的启发，用竹子做了一只，称它为“竹麻雀”。分析句子可知，“(inspire)by the sparrow hawk(鹰)circling around in the sky”为句子的状语部分，且主语Lu Ban和inspire构成逻辑被动关系，故用inspire的过去分词inspired表被动。故填Inspired。
7.答案：Led
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在著名的中国排球运动员兼教练郎平的带领下，她们继续志存高远。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 “have continued”，所以 “lead” 要用非谓语形式。“they” 和 “lead” 之间是被动关系，即 “她们被郎平带领”，所以用过去分词作状语，“Led by...” 表示 “在…… 的带领下”。故填 Led。
8.答案：Beaten
解析：题意:虽然被对手打败了,但我们并没有灰心。beat"打败",与we之间是动宾关系,句中已有谓语动词lose, beat要用非谓语动词,用过去分词短语作状语,因在句首,首字母大写。故填Beaten。
9.答案：Founded
解析：“Harvard University” 和 “found（建立）” 之间是被动关系，这里是非谓语动词作状语，用过去分词形式能体现出被动，所以填 “Founded” 表示 “建立于……” 的意思。故填 Founded。
10.答案：Absorbed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：诗人专心写诗，没有意识到黑夜已经来临。didn’t realize为谓语，逗号后面没有连词，空处为非谓语动词，the poet与absorb构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Absorbed。
二、
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The rules limit children to just three hours of online game playing a week. That is one hour between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. on Friday, Saturday and Sunday most weeks.(规则规定孩子们每周只能玩三个小时的网络游戏。即多数星期的周五、周六和周日晚上8点到9点之间的一个小时。)”可知，根据新规定，孩子们星期五晚上8点到9点之间可以玩游戏。故选A。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the end, experts say, parents should be the ones to set limits and support good practice.(最后，专家说，父母应该是设定限制和支持良好做法的人。)”可知，据专家介绍，父母在限制孩子玩网络游戏的时间上起着很大的作用。故选D。
3.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A specialist treating Internet addiction expects about 20 percent of children will find ways to break the rules by borrowing accounts of their older relatives and find a way around facial recognition.(一位治疗网瘾的专家预计，大约20%的孩子会想办法通过借用年长亲戚的账户来打破规则，并找到绕过面部识别的方法。)”可知，孩子们可能会借他们年长亲戚的账户来对抗新规定。故选D。
4.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“China has set new rules limiting the amount of time children can spend playing online games. The rules limit children to just three hours of online game playing a week. That is one hour between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. on Friday, Saturday and Sunday most weeks.(中国出台新规，限制儿童玩网络游戏的时间。规则规定孩子们每周只能玩三个小时的网络游戏。即多数星期的周五、周六和周日晚上8点到9点之间的一个小时。)”并结合文章主要说明了中国出台新规，限制儿童玩网络游戏的时间，介绍了制定这一新规的原因以及限制孩子使用手机时长仍然面临的问题可知，B项“限制电子游戏时间的规定”最符合文章标题。故选B。
三、
答案：ADGBE
解析：①空前“Humidity is the amount of water in the air.(湿度是指空气中的含水量。)”说明了湿度是什么，空后“If you are standing in the bathroom after a hot shower and can see the steam hanging in the air, or if you are outside after a heavy rain, then you are in an area of high humidity.(如果你在洗过热水澡后站在浴室里，能看到空气中悬浮的蒸汽，或者你在一场大雨后待在户外，那么你正处于一个高湿度的环境中。)”说明人是可以看到和感觉到湿度的，A选项“In fact, you can see or feel it(事实上，你可以看到或感觉到它)”中的it指代的是前面的“湿度”，说明了你可以看到和感觉到湿度，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
②空前“The amount of water vapor depends on the temperature of that air.(温度越高，空气所能容纳的水蒸气量就越大。)”说明了温度越高，空气所能容纳的水蒸气量就越大，也就是说越热湿度就越大，D项“The warmer the air is, the more water it can hold(空气越热，它能容纳的水分就越多)”说明了越热，空气所能容纳的水蒸气量就越大，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
③空后“If the relative humidity is 100 percent, it means that water will not go into the air. Our bodies rely on the evaporation from our skin for cooling. The lower the relative humidity, the easier it is for water to evaporate from our skin and the cooler we feel.(相对湿度会影响我们皮肤上水分的蒸发，进而影响我们的体感温度。如果相对湿度为100%，那就意味着水不会再进入空气中。我们的身体依靠皮肤上的水分蒸发来降温。相对湿度越低，水分就越容易从我们的皮肤上蒸发，我们就会感觉越凉爽。)”说明了湿度与体感的关系，G选项“The relative humidity plays a large role in affecting our comfort level(相对湿度对我们的舒适度有很大的影响)”说明相对湿度对我们的舒适度的影响，引出后文湿度和体感的关系，引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
④空前“If the relative humidity is 100 percent, we feel much hotter than the actual temperature indicates because our sweat does not evaporate at all.(如果相对湿度为100%，我们会感觉比实际温度要热得多，因为我们的汗水根本不会蒸发。)”说明湿度高的时候我们会感觉热，空后“we feel cooler than the actual temperature because our sweat evaporates easily(我们感觉比实际温度要低，因为我们的汗液很容易蒸发)”说明在空格处所描述的情况下我们会感觉凉快，B选项“If the relative humidity is low(如果相对湿度低)”和前文说的湿度高相反，承接上文，且引出后面感觉会比实际温度低，符合语境，故选B。
⑤空前“In summer, high humidity makes it seem warmer than it is because sweat cannot evaporate from your body.(在夏天，高湿度会让人感觉比实际温度更热，这是因为汗水无法从你的身体上蒸发出去。)”说明了夏天高湿度会让人感觉比实际温度更热，空格处应该说冬天又会如何，E选项“In winter, low humidity has the opposite effect(在冬季，低湿度会产生相反的效果)”说明冬天低的湿度会产生和夏天相反的效果，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。

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