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（4）Unit 4 Space Exploration—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
动词不定式作状语和定语
(一) 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语通常表目的、结果、原因等。
1. 表目的
例：They ran over to welcome the delegates. 他们跑过去欢迎代表们。
He stood up to be seen better. 他站起来以让别人看得更清楚。
2. 表结果
例：What have I said to make you so angry 我说了什么让你这么生气？
He came round to find himself in hospital. 他苏醒过来发现自己住院了。
3. 表原因
不定式表示原因时一般放在句子的末尾，说明主语产生某种情感(glad pleased，sad，worried，sad excited)的原因。
例：I'm very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party.
听说李蕾被选为了党委书记，我很高兴。
4. 作评论性状语
有些不定式用于修饰整个句子，表明说话者的观点或态度，我们称之为评论性状语。
例：To be honest，I don't like her.
说实话，我不喜欢她。
(二) 动词不定式作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放在所修饰的词的后面。作后置定语。
例：Who was the first one to arrive 谁第一个到的？
The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用它。
When is the best time to plant vegetables 什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？
(1)动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主动关系，也可能是被动关系。如果是被动关系，且句中含有不定式动作的执行者时，不定式要用主动表示被动。
例：He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 他是昨天最后一个离开学校的人。
We have much homework to do every day. 我们每天有很多家庭作业要做。
(2)动词不定式(短语)作定语修饰名词且与其所修饰的词之间为被动关系时，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，那么其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
例：I have no chair to sit on. 我没有椅子坐。
He has no house to live in. 他没有房子住。
二、语法填空
1. The problem _______________ (refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution.
2. Atalanta was one of the cities ________________ (hit) in the hurricane.
3. I arrived at Mr Li’s office, only ________________ (find) it was locked.
4. Creativity is the ability _______ (produce) and carry out both new and useful ideas.
5. Wearable sensing devices like smartwatches use electronics just _______ (monitor) the heart rate, blood sugar and more.
6. Students who are brave enough _____ (take) this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
7. Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could _____ (cheer) him up.
8. Ancient China was the first country______ (navigate) the ships with highly developed compasses in the world.
9. ______ (pay) for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighbourhood.
10. As a matter of fact, they were very surprised ______ (inform) of the news.
三、阅读理解
The bones of what is believed to be the largest known marine reptile (爬行动物) were found on a beach by a nonprofessional fossil-hunting father and daughter.
Paleontologists (古生物学家) think the remains are from a giant ichthyosaur, a reptile that lived during the time of the dinosaurs. Fossilized (石化的) pieces of jawbone, some two meters long, were uncovered on the Somerset coast in May 2020, and are thought to be part of the creature that measured 25 meters long.
Justin Reynolds and his daughter Ruby made the discovery while hunting for fossils on the beach at Blue Anchor. The bones are around 202 million years old and date to the end of the Triassic Period in a time known as the Rhaetian.
Ruby, then aged 11, found a giant bone before the pair searched for more pieces together. After realizing the significance of the fossils, they approached Dr Dean Lomax, a paleontologist at the University of Manchester. Dr Lomax contacted Paul de la Salle, a fossil collector who had found a similar giant jawbone in May 2016, further along the coast at Lilstock.
Mr Reynolds said, “When Ruby and I found the first two pieces we were very excited as we realized that this was something important and unusual. When I found the back part of the jaw, I was excited because that is one of the defining parts of Paul’s earlier discovery.” Ruby added that it was so cool to discover part of this huge ichthyosaur and was very proud to have played a part in a scientific discovery like that.
Dr Lomax said, “I was amazed by the find. In 2018, my team studied and described Paul’s giant jawbone and we had hoped that one day another would come to light. This new specimen is more complete, better preserved, and shows that we now have two of these giant bones called a surangular — that has a unique shape and structure.”
1. Why did Justin Reynolds and his daughter go to the beach
A. To relax. B. To find fossils. C. To enjoy the view. D. To see reptiles.
2.Why did Justin turn to Dr Dean Lomax
A. He wanted to learn from a paleontologist.
B. He hoped to get in touch with Paul de la Salle.
C. He thought his find was of great scientific value.
D. He knew Lomax must be interested in the find.
3.Why was Ruby proud when they made the discovery
A. She made contributions to scientific study.
B. She was praised by experts in this field.
C. She might be featured on social media.
D. She learned a lot about ancient creatures.
4.What does the underlined word “specimen” in the last paragraph stand for
A. The reptile ichthyosaur.
B. The find of Paul in 2016.
C. The bones Lomax’s team studied in 2018.
D. The jawbone found by Ruby and her father.
四、七选五
Dark Chocolate: A Sweet Surprise for Health
You might find it hard to believe, but dark chocolate isn’t just a delicious treat; it can actually be good for your health! When eaten in proper amounts, this sweet delight offers amazing health advantages. Studies suggest regular eaters enjoy better overall health. ① _________
Firstly, dark chocolate helps prevent heart disease. Like green tea, it contains special substances called flavonoids (类黄酮). These act as the body’s natural protectors. ② _________ Research shows they begin working quickly after eating. For example, when our body processes food, or when we’re in sunlight or polluted air, harmful things form. These can damage cells and cause heart issues. Flavonoids help by lowering blood pressure, keeping our heart healthy. This may reduce heart attack risks.
③ _________ The mood improvement lasts longer than expected. When eaten, it makes the brain produce “feel-good” chemicals, similar to the joy after exercise. Tests show it affects the brain like pleasant music does. A small piece can lift your mood during stress.
Additionally, dark chocolate protects skin. Its substances absorb certain sunlight linked to skin aging. ④ _________ This natural protection works from inside the body. People eating it daily showed less skin dryness in a study.
However, too much brings problems. ⑤ _________ A 100g bar has as many calories as a full meal. Experts suggest no more than 60 grams daily (2-3 small bining it with fruits makes a healthier choice.
A. Let’s explore these benefits in detail.
B. They fight against harmful substances.
C. Despite its benefits, it is high in calories.
D. These substances are mainly found in cocoa beans.
E. Dark chocolate requires complex processing methods.
F. Another key benefit is its ability to improve mental well-being.
G. As a result, the skin becomes healthier and more resistant to damage.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：to be referred
解析：分析句子可知此空使用非谓语动词作定语，the problem和refer是被动关系，和tomorrow搭配, 用不定式的被动式作定语。故填: to be referred。
2.答案：to be hit
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：亚特兰大是遭受飓风袭击的城市之一。此处不定式作后置定语,且hit与Atalanta构成被动关系,故用to be done形式。故填to be hit。
3.答案：to find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我到了李先生的办公室,却发现门锁着。此处是“only+动词不定式”作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,故填to find。
4.答案：to produce
解析：句意为: 创造力是产生和实施新颖且有用的想法的能力。 the ability to do…是固定搭配, 意为 “做……的能力”,此处用动词不定式作后置定语, 修饰 ability。故填 to produce。
5.答案：to monitor
解析：句意为: 像智能手表这样的可穿戴传感设备使用电子器件来监测心率、血榶等。use... to do... 是固定搭配, 意为 “使用……做……” 其中不定式作目的状语。故填 to monitor。
6.答案：to take
解析：句意为:有足够勇气参加这门冒险课程的同学们肯定会学到很多有用的技能。“be+adj.+enough +to do sth”为固定结构,此处用不定式作结果状语。故填to take。
7.答案： to cheer
解析：句意为:那些天杰克情绪低落,他的朋友们尽一切可能使他振作起来。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,设空处作目的状语,应用不定式;cheer sb up为固定短语,意为“使某人振奋起来”。故填 to cheer。
8.答案：to navigate
解析：句意为:古代中国是世界上第一个使用非常先进的指南针为船只导航的国家。根据句子成分划分, 设空处作后置定语, 修饰名词 country。当名词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,常用不定式作定语。故填 to navigate。
9.答案：To pay
解析：句意为: 为了支付上大学的费用, 她在街区一个富裕家庭中做了两年清洁工。设空处作状语, 应用非谓语形式, 根据句意可知, 此处表目的, 应用不定式。故填 To pay。
10.答案：to be informed
解析：句意为: 事实上,他们得知这个消息非常惊讶。分析句子结构并结合句意可知, 此处作原因状语; be surprised to do sth 意为 “因为做某事而感到很吃惊”, 动词 inform 和句子主语 they 之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以应用不定式的被动式。故填 to be informed。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Justin Reynolds and his daughter Ruby made the discovery while hunting for fossils on the beach at Blue Anchor.( Justin Reynolds和他的女儿Ruby在Blue Anchor的海滩上寻找化石时发现了这一发现)”可知，Justin Reynolds 和女儿到海边是为了寻找化石。故选B项。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“After realizing the significance of the fossils, they approached Dr Dean Lomax, a paleontologist at the University of Manchester.(在意识到这些化石的重要性后，他们找到了曼彻斯特大学的古生物学家Dean Lomax博士)”可知，因为意识到这个发现非常重要，所以他去见了Dr Dean Lomax。故选C项。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“Ruby added that it was so cool to discover part of this huge ichthyosaur and was very proud to have played a part in a scientific discovery like that.(Ruby补充说，发现这只巨大的鱼龙的一部分真是太酷了，我很自豪能在这样的科学发现中发挥作用)”可知，Ruby为她对科学发现和研究所做的贡献感到骄傲。故选A项。
4.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据上句“my team studied and described Paul’s giant jawbone(我的团队研究并描述了Paul的巨大颚骨)”和划线词所在句“This new specimen is more complete, better preserved (这个新的specimen更完整，保存得更好)”可知，此处specimen指的是Ruby和父亲发现的巨大颚骨。故选D项。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤ABFGC
解析：①由上文“Studies suggest regular eaters enjoy better overall health. (研究表明，经常进食的人整体健康状况更好)”和第二段首句“Firstly, dark chocolate helps prevent heart disease. (首先，黑巧克力有助于预防心脏病)”、第四段首句“Additionally, dark chocolate protects skin. (此外，黑巧克力可以保护皮肤)”可知，下文需要引出对具体健康益处的详细说明，A选项“让我们详细探讨一下这些好处”引领下文，切合语境。故选A项。
②上文“Firstly, dark chocolate helps prevent heart disease. Like green tea, it contains special substances called flavonoids (类黄酮). These act as the body’s natural protectors. (首先，黑巧克力有助于预防心脏病。像绿茶一样，它含有一种叫作黄酮类的特殊物质。它们是身体的天然保护者)”提到黑巧克力中的类黄酮是身体的天然保护者，下文“Flavonoids help by lowering blood pressure, keeping our heart healthy. (黄酮类化合物有助于降低血压，保持心脏健康)”解释类黄酮通过降低血压保护心脏，B选项“They fight against harmful substances.(他们对抗有害物质)”直接说明类黄酮的作用，选项中的“They”指代“flavonoids”，“harmful substances”与下文“For example, when our body processes food, or when we’re in sunlight or polluted air, harmful things form. (例如，当我们的身体处理食物时，或者当我们在阳光或污染的空气中时，会形成有害物质)”中的“harmful things form”呼应。故选B项。
③该空为本段主题句。由下文“The mood improvement lasts longer than expected. When eaten, it makes the brain produce “feel-good” chemicals, similar to the joy after exercise. Tests show it affects the brain like pleasant music does. A small piece can lift your mood during stress. (情绪改善的持续时间比预期的要长。当黑巧克力被吃掉时，它会使大脑产生‘感觉良好’的化学物质，类似于运动后的快乐。测试表明，它像悦耳的音乐一样影响大脑。一小块可以在压力下提升你的情绪)”可知，本段主题是黑巧克力改善情绪，F选项“另一个关键好处是它能够改善心理健康”能够概括本段主旨，切合语境。故选F项。
④上文“Additionally, dark chocolate protects skin. Its substances absorb certain sunlight linked to skin aging. (此外，黑巧克力可以保护皮肤。它的物质吸收某些与皮肤衰老有关的阳光)”提到黑巧克力成分可吸收有害光线，下文“People eating it daily showed less skin dryness in a study. (一项研究表明，每天吃它的人皮肤干燥程度较低)”提到吃黑巧克力能让人的皮肤不那么干燥，G选项“因此，皮肤变得更健康，更能抵抗损伤”总结保护效果，符合语境。故选G项。
⑤上文“However, too much brings problems. (然而，太多会带来问题)”指出吃太多黑巧克力会带来坏处；C选项“尽管它有好处，但热量很高”承上启下，指出黑巧克力尽管有上面几段所阐述的益处，但也有弊端，“high in calories”呼应下文“A 100g bar has as many calories as a full meal. (一块100克的巧克力棒所含的卡路里相当于一顿大餐)”讲黑巧克力热量高的问题。故选C项。（2）Unit 2 Morals and Virtues—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
(一) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，
常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to + sb.+ doing sth.(doing作宾补)
(2)表示指使意义的动词使役动词
常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave +sb./ sth. + doing sth. (doing作宾补)使某人做某事
3. see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。
例：We heard the telephone ringing.
We heard the telephone ring.
(二) 动词-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1. 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经做好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparation...)
2. 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
(= Since he was ill...)
3. 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
(= ... and broke it into pieces...)
4. 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
(= If you work hard at your lessons...)
5. 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。
(= Though he worked hard as he did...)
6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
(= ...and stared at the sky for a long time)
注意：非谓语动词作状语时，如提供的动词不能与句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须拥有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。
例：Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。
(permitting 的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match)
二、语法填空
1. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ______ (use) twigs (细枝) to remove it.
2. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ______(enable) the students to return to their classrooms.
3. ______ (use) for ten years, my car is not as reliable as it used to be.
4. Time______ (permit), I'll go over all these lessons before the exam.
5. The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, ______ (indicate) that China has a greater effect on the world.
6. Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, ______ (draw) on ideas that were popular at the time.
7. To arrive at our destination we need to travel a narrow valley, with a stream______ (flow) through it.
8. With summer (approach), some students will feel very happy.
9. I heard my brother ______(sing) when I passed by his room.
10. When I walked into the office, I found a lot of people _____(discuss) the project.
三、阅读理解
Lots of factors contribute to how healthy a person is. Some of these are obvious, like the medical care they receive. But some less obvious factors can be even more important! Some examples include access to food, housing, healthcare, social support and education.
What good does education do to you Research shows that education can lengthen your life expectancy! Getting more education leads to better employment, higher income, and access to healthcare. And all of these improve overall health. So, people with more education tend to have higher life expectancies than people with less education.
Many studies show more education is associated with longer lives. But no one has calculated exactly how much longer or how much mortality risk goes down with each year of schooling. In other words, how does education lower a person’s risk of death Of course, everyone still dies, but a lower mortality risk means a higher chance of a long life.
We reviewed previous studies that looked at education and mortality, searching seven databases of scientific studies from around the world. We gathered all the studies on this topic published between 1980 and 2023. In total, we identified 603 studies from 59 countries. We analyzed the results from all these studies to measure how education affected mortality risk. Besides, we also looked at differences in the effect of education at different ages. Finally, we checked the effect of education across Socio-Demographic Index levels.
We found that getting more education lowers mortality risk. With each year of education, an adult’s risk of death goes down by about 2%. This effect is greater in younger adults than in older ones. But even people over 70 years old benefit from the positive effects of education! When we looked at countries at different stages of social and economic development, we didn’t find different results. This suggests that more years of schooling leads to longer lives in both rich and poor countries.
1. According to the author, education can be ___________.
A. a pathway to health B. a measure of success
C. a source of stress D. a chance for the rich
2. What does the underlined word “mortality” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Health. B. Death. C. Virtue. D. Survival.
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The methods. B. The arguments. C. The findings. D. The suggestions.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. People in poor countries benefit more from education.
B. The impact of education on young people is relatively greater.
C. Education does affect how long people live in different countries.
D. People in rich countries have chances to gain further education easily.
四、七选五
We live in a world where we are usually exposed to (接触) news on social media that can be scary, upsetting, or confusing. ① _________ However, as Mr. Rogers, the beloved host of a children’s show, once said, “When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, ‘Look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helpful.’ ”
One of the places where we can look for “the helpers” is on social media platforms. ② _________ For example, Ryan Kaji is a 9-year-old boy who runs the channel Ryan’s World. He makes videos about science experiments and games that are fun and educational for kids. He also donates to charities and causes that he cares about.
③ _________ One problem is finding reliable (可靠) and exact sources of information. Not all content on social media platforms is trustworthy. Some content creators may just want to make money from ads. Therefore, it is important to judge the reliability of the sources before we trust their content. Another challenge is keeping a healthy balance between online and offline activities. Spending too much time online can do harm to our physical health, such as causing headaches or sleep problems. Therefore, it is important to limit our screen time by doing other activities. ④ _________
Looking for helpers on social media can be a valuable way to find hope and comfort in difficulty. ⑤ _________ Then we will form our own opinions. We can also be helpers ourselves by sharing helpful content on social media that can make a difference in the world.
A. We’d better find some topics to talk about with the helper.
B. Exercising, reading, and learning art are all good choices.
C. Phones and computers have made information easier to gain.
D. They offer a lot of content that can educate or support young viewers.
E. It enables us to see things from different viewpoints and learn new things.
F. However, looking for helpers on social media also comes with some challenges.
G. Sometimes, it can be hard to deal with the negative thoughts that these events cause.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：using
解析：句中已有谓语动词 cooked, 设空处前面无连词连接, 由此判断应填非谓语动词形式作状语, use 与其逻辑主语 People 之间为主动关系,故填现在分词 using。
2.答案：enabling
解析：句意为:这位退休的男士把他的大部分积蓄捐给了玉树地震中受灾的学校, 使学生们能够重返课堂。句中已有谓语 donated, 且与设空处之间无连词连接, 所以设空处应用非谓语形式; 此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作状语。故填 enabling。
3.答案：Having been used
解析：句意为:我的小汽车用了十年了, 不像以前那么靠得住了。分析句子结构可知, 设空处作状语, 应用非谓语动词; use 与其逻辑主语 my car 之间是被动关系,结合时间状语 for ten years 可知, 此处应用现在分词完成式的被动式。故填 Having been used。
4.答案：permitting
解析：句意为:如果时间允许的话,我会在考试前复习所有的功课。此处为独立主格结构,Time与 permit之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词。故填 permitting。
5.答案：indicating
解析：句意为:近年来,学习汉语的外国人的数量一直在增加,这表明中国对世界有更大的影响。此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词短语作状语。故填 indicating
6.答案：drawing
解析：句意为:霍华德在19世纪80年代和90年代开发了他的设计,借鉴了当时流行的想法。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语 developed,设空处与其之间无连词连接应用非谓语形式;draw on与逻辑主语 Howard之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填drawing
7.答案：flowing
解析：句意为:为了到达目的地,我们需要经过一个狭窄的山谷,山谷中有一条小溪流过。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,设空处作宾补,且flow 和 a stream 之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词。故填 flowing。
8.答案：approaching
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：随着夏天的临近，一些学生会感到非常高兴。提示词作with复合结构中宾语summer的补足语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语summer之间是主动关系，用现在分词approaching表主动和正在发生。故填approaching。
9.答案：singing
解析：考查现在分词。句意:当我经过我哥哥的房间时,我听到他正在唱歌。hear sb. doing sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”,现在分词作宾语补足语。故填singing。
10.答案：discussing
解析：考查现在分词作宾语补足语。此处为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,结合语境可知,当“我”走进办公室时,“我”发现很多人正在讨论这个项目。故这里表示发现某人正在做某事,应用现在分词作宾语补足语。
三、阅读理解
1. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“What good does education do to you Research shows that education can lengthen your life expectancy! Getting more education leads to better employment, higher income, and access to healthcare. And all of these improve overall health. So, people with more education tend to have higher life expectancies than people with less education.(教育对你有什么好处 研究表明，教育可以延长你的预期寿命!接受更多的教育会带来更好的就业机会、更高的收入以及获得医疗保健的机会。而所有这些都能改善整体健康状况)”可知，教育可以是通向健康的一条途径。故选A项。
2.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Of course, everyone still dies, but a lower mortality risk means a higher chance of a long life.(当然，每个人最终还是会死去，但较低的死亡风险意味着长寿的几率更高。)”可知，人人都会死去，但较低的“mortality”风险意味着长寿的机会更高，因此“mortality”应该是与死亡相关。故选B项。
3.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段“We reviewed previous studies that looked at education and mortality, searching seven databases of scientific studies from around the world. We gathered all the studies on this topic published between 1980 and 2023. In total, we identified 603 studies from 59 countries. We analyzed the results from all these studies to measure how education affected mortality risk. Besides, we also looked at differences in the effect of education at different ages. Finally, we checked the effect of education across Socio-Demographic Index levels.(我们回顾了以往关于教育与死亡率的研究，检索了来自全球的七个科学研究数据库。我们收集了1980年至2023年间发表的关于这个主题的所有研究。总共确定了来自59个国家的603项研究。我们分析了所有这些研究的结果，以衡量教育如何影响死亡风险。此外，我们还研究了不同年龄段教育影响的差异。最后，我们检查了不同社会人口指数水平下教育的影响。)”可知，该段主要讲述了研究人员回顾以前关于教育和死亡率的研究，分析这些研究结果以衡量教育对死亡风险的影响，还研究了教育在不同年龄的影响差异以及在不同社会人口指数水平下的影响，这些都是在阐述研究的方法和过程。故选A项。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“We found that getting more education lowers mortality risk. With each year of education, an adult’s risk of death goes down by about 2%. This effect is greater in younger adults than in older ones. But even people over 70 years old benefit from the positive effects of education! When we looked at countries at different stages of social and economic development, we didn’t find different results. This suggests that more years of schooling leads to longer lives in both rich and poor countries.(我们发现，接受更多的教育可以降低死亡风险。对于成年人来说，每接受一年的教育，死亡风险就会降低约2%。这种影响在年轻人中比在老年人中更大。但即使是70岁以上的人也能从教育的积极影响中受益!当我们观察处于不同社会和经济发展阶段的国家时，我们没有发现不同的结果。这表明，在富裕国家和贫穷国家，接受更多年的学校教育都能使人更长寿。)”可知，接受更多教育能降低死亡风险，每多接受一年教育，成年人的死亡风险下降约2%,这种影响在年轻人中比在老年人中更大，而且在不同社会经济发展阶段的国家都发现更多的受教育年限会带来更长的寿命，所以可以推断出教育确实会影响不同国家人们的寿命长短。故选C项。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤GDFBE
解析：①上文“We live in a world where we are usually exposed to(接触)news on social media that can be scary, upsetting ,or confusing.(我们生活在这样一个世界里，我们经常在社交媒体上看到可怕的、令人不安的或令人困惑的新闻。)”提到，在这样一个世界里，我们经常在社交媒体上看到可怕的、令人不安的或令人困惑的新闻；再根据下文“However, as Mr. Rogers, the beloved host of a children’s show, once said, “When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, ‘Look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helpful.’ ”(然而，正如深受喜爱的儿童节目主持人Rogers先生曾经说过的那样，‘当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常在新闻中看到可怕的事情，我妈妈会对我说，‘去找帮手吧。你总能找到乐于助人的人。’')”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，应是提到对于负面新闻导致的情绪无法独自处理的情况，G项“有时候，处理这些事件引起的消极想法是很困难的”符合语境，故选G。
②上文“One of the places where we can look for‘the helpers’ is on social media platforms.(我们可以在社交媒体平台上寻找‘帮手’。)”提到我们可以在社交媒体平台上寻找“帮手”,D项“它们提供了很多可以教育或支持年轻观众的内容”承接上文，说明社交平台可以提供一些帮助，D项中的“They”指代上文的“social media platforms”,故选D。
③根据下文“One problem is finding reliable(可靠)and exact sources of information. Not all content on social media platforms is trustworthy.(一个问题是找到可靠的和准确的信息来源。并非社交媒体平台上的所有内容都值得信赖。)”可知，此处描述社交媒体平台的问题，与上一段之间是转折关系，F项“然而，在社交媒体上寻找帮手也面临着一些挑战”符合语境，故选F。
④上文“Spending too much time online can do harm to our physical health, such as causing headaches or sleep problems. Therefore, it is important to limit our screen time by doing other activities.(花太多时间上网会损害我们的身体健康，比如引起头痛或睡眠问题。因此，通过做其他活动来限制看屏幕的时间是很重要的。)”提到花太多时间上网会损害我们的身体健康，可以做一些其他活动代替，B项“锻炼、阅读和学习艺术都是不错的选择”承接上文，举例说明一些具体的活动，故选B。
⑤根据上文“Looking for helpers on social media can be a valuable way to find hope and comfort in difficulty.(在社交媒体上寻找帮手是在困难中找到希望和安慰的宝贵途径。)”和下文“Then we will form our own opinions.(然后我们会形成我们自己的观点。)”可知，此处是说明在社交媒体寻找帮手的好处，E项“它使我们能够从不同的角度看待事物并学习新事物”能够承上启下，符合语境，故选E。（3）Unit 3 Diverse Cultures—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
省略句
(一) 简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
例：—(I) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
—(It) Doesn't matter. 没关系。
2. 省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分
例：(You come) This way please. 请这边走。
(Will you) Have a smoke 抽烟吗？
3. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
例：(Is) Anybody here 有人在这里吗？
—Are you thirty 你30岁了吗？
—Yes，I am (thirty). 是的，我是。
4. 省略宾语
例：—Do you know Mr.Li 你认识李先生吗？
—I don't know (him). 我不认识。
(二) 并列复合句中的省略
在由and或but等并列连词连接的并列复合句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，通常省略后面分句的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
例：Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
2. 若主语与谓语动词相同，通常省略后面分句的主谓成分。
例：His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
3. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，通常省略后面分句的主要动词及后续部分。
例：He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备。
(三) 主从复合句中的省略
1. 状语从句的省略
(1)在 when，while，if，as if，though，although，until，once，whether...or…unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相同或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
例：Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning. 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
(2)在than和as引导的比较状语从句中常省略than和a后面的某些成分。
例：They didn't use more water than (it was) necessary. 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
2. 定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
例：The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。
(2)way后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作状语时that/in which可以省略。
例：The way (in which/that) he speaks to us is really annoying.
他和我们讲话的方式真是讨厌。
3. 宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接了两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
例：I believe (that) beauty comes from the heart.
我相信美是发自内心的。
(四) 虚拟语气中的省略
1. 虚拟条件状语从句中含有had、should、were时常省略if，而将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
例：Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2. 在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order、command)，三建议(suggest、propose、advise)，四要求(demand、require，request、ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词或它们的派生词的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important/that...中常省略 should。
(五) 动词不定式的省略
1. 当不定式用在形容词afraid、pleased，glad，happy，ready、willing、delighted等词后面时，to后与上文重复的内容常省略。
例：You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question).
如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2. 某些使役动词，如：make、let、have和感官动词，如：see，watch, notice、observe、hear等后面作宾补的不定式常省略to，但若用于被动语态，则to不省略。
例：We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.
我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。
3. 两个并列使用的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间有对比关系，则不能省略to。
例：Her job is to look after the children and (to) teach them English.
她的工作是照顾这些孩子并教他们英语。
4. 当不定式在某些动词后作宾语或宾补时，常可省略to后面的与上文重复的部分。常见的这类动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，intend，prefer，pretend，refuse，want，wish，like等。
例：I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to (see the film).
我叫他去看电影，但他不想去。
5. 连词but、except连接两个不定式，前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
例：I have nothing to do but wait. 除了等我无能为力。
6. 当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to。
例：All you need to do is (to) press the button. 你需要做的就是按那个按钮。
(六) 介词的省略
1. 在一些固定搭配中介词常被省略，如 spend time (in) doing sth.；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
例：She spends half an hour (in) reading every day. 她每天花半个小时读书。
2. 在口语中，星期几之前的on可以省略。
例：We will visit you (on) Tuesday. 我们星期二去看你。
3. 在肯定句中，"for+一段时间或距离"中的for有时被省略。
例：It has rained (for) a whole day. 雨已经下了一整天了。
二、语法填空
1. I take notes while ________ (listen).
2. Nerve cells have limited ability to recover if _________ (destroy).
3. I felt worried when ________ (watch) the documentary.
4. If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when_____ (give) first aid care.
5. She walked here and there on the playground as if _______ (look) for something.
6. The question is how long seeds can come up once _____ (sow) in soil.
7. He cleared his throat as if ______ (say) something.
8. If not _____ (handle) properly, medical waste from hospitals may contribute to spreading diseases.
9. As the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for nothing if not __________ (carve).”
10. The football player is rolling on the ground as if ______ (hurt) badly in the leg.
三、阅读理解
In a faraway part of Ecuador’s Amazon rainforest, river transport is far more common than road travel. Here, boats move along the Wichimi River, a wide channel that snakes through the thick plants, and powering the silent boats is the Ecuadorian sunshine. The boats have been provided by Kara Solar, a non-profit organization based in the region. The Achuar here are responsible for fixing, running and maintaining the boats — the solar boats are shaping daily life for the community by offering transport for education, health services and eco-tourism.
For years, many Achuar have used gasoline-powered boats on the river, but the oil must be flown in by plane from Ecuador’s capital, Quito, making it more expensive and adding to the carbon emissions (碳排放) connected with its use. “Gasoline motors use a lot of oil and pollute the river,” said Angel Wasump, Kara Solar’s director of operations and a member of the Achuar community. “Since the solar boats arrived, families have been giving up these motors completely,” he added.
Formally set up in 2018, Kara Solar is made up of by members of the Achuar community. According to the organization, the boats operating in Ecuador have completed over 300 trips in total, carrying over 1, 000 passengers and traveling over 450 kilometers per month. The most common uses are transporting local children to and from school and providing wildlife tours for eco-tourists.
As well as reducing carbon emissions and pollution, the silent boats mean eco-tourists can get a closer view of wildlife without scaring it away. “The boat serves as a symbol of what friendliness could look like,” said Wasump. “It’s like a return to what’s most important in Achuar culture. These boats have represented a way for us to reconnect with this vision of what development could look like.”
1. What can be inferred about the Achuar from paragraph 1
A. They live mostly by fishing. B. They lack ecology awareness.
C. They live in peace with snakes. D. They travel mainly by boat.
2. What is the advantage of a solar boat
A. It travels faster. B. It’s economical and green.
C. It’s easy to operate. D. It carries more passengers.
3. What does the author mainly intend to tell us about solar boats in paragraph 3
A. Their applications. B. Their operators.
C. Their bright future. D. Their characteristics.
4. What is the focus of Achuar culture according to Wasump
A. Keep their place quiet. B. Avoid lives being affected.
C. Live in harmony with nature. D. See the boat as a sign of faith.
四、七选五
Learning a new language is an exciting but challenging journey. There are several difficulties that language learners often face.
Complex Grammar
Different languages have their own unique grammatical rules. ① _____ For example, in English, the order of words in a sentence is important for expressing the correct meaning. However, in Japanese or Russian, the word order can be more flexible (灵活的). This difference can make it difficult for learners to form correct sentences and express themselves accurately (准确地).
Pronunciation Challenges
Each language has its own set of sounds. For example, the French “r” sound or the German “ü” sound can be extremely difficult for English speakers to pronounce correctly. What’s more, the stress of a language can also affect the meaning of a word or a sentence. ② _____
Limited Vocabulary
Building a large enough vocabulary is necessary for effective language learning. ③ _____ Some languages have a great number of words. Besides, many words may have several meanings or small differences that are difficult to understand. For example, in Chinese, a single character can have different meanings depending on the context.
Cultural Differences
④ _____ Idioms (习语), proverbs (谚语), and expressions in a language often show the culture and history of the people who speak it. For example, the English idiom “it’s raining cats and dogs” may not make sense to a learner who doesn’t know much about Western cultures.
Few Chances to Practice
Learners need regular chances to practise speaking, listening, reading, and writing. However, they may not be able to meet native speakers or stay in a language environment. ⑤ _____ For example, if a person is learning a language that is not widely spoken in their country, it may be challenging to find practice partners or language learning resources.
A. Language is closely related to culture.
B. It can be difficult to find chances to practise speaking.
C. Mistakes in pronunciation can lead to misunderstandings.
D. Learning a new language can be a worthwhile experience.
E. However, learning new words can be a slow and hard process.
F. This can make it difficult for them to improve their language skills.
G. They can be extremely different from those of a learner’s native language.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：listening
解析：考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意:我边听边记笔记。
2.答案：destroyed
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果神经细胞被破坏，它们的恢复能力有限。分析句子可知，此处是if省略句，省略主语nerve cells和be动词，nerve cells和destroy之间是被动关系，因此需使用过去分词表示被动。故填destroyed。
3.答案：watching
解析：考查省略。句意：看这部纪录片的时候我很担心。当从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时,可以省略从句中的主语和谓语。所以从句省略主语和谓语I was。根据句意,故填watching。
4.答案： giving
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果有人在流血，在进行急救护理时，请始终佩戴手套和防护眼镜。when引导的时间状语从句中，主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中主语和be可以省略。本句主句为祈使句，相当于主语是you，在when引导的时间状语从句中，根据语意，意思应为“当你在进行急救护理时”，完整句子应为when you are giving first aid care，故可把从句中you are省略。故填giving。
5.答案：looking
解析：句意为: 她在操场上走来走去, 好像在找什么东西。本句是复合句, 含 as if 引导的方式状语从句的省略, 从句主语和主句主语相同, 且从句谓语中含 be 动词, 所以可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。从句主语与 look 之间为主动关系,设空处应用现在分词形式。故填 looking。
6.答案： sown/sowed
解析：句意为:问题是种子在土壤中播种后多长时间能发芽。once后省略了they are,补充完整后为once they are sown/sowed in soil。故填sown/sowed。
7.答案：to say
解析：句意为:他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。as if引导的状语从句可用省略结构。当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,此处省略了he was。故填 to say。
8.答案：handled
解析：考查省略。句意：如果处理不当，医院的医疗废物可能会导致疾病传播。这里其实是从句if medical waste is not handled properly的省略形式。当主、从句的主语一致的时候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，被动语态省略了系动词和主语。故填handled。
9.答案：carved
解析：考查省略句。句意:中国有句古话:“玉不琢不成器。”此处为状语从句的省略，从句主语也是Jade，与谓语carve构成被动关系，此处省略主语和be动词。故填carved。
10.答案：hurt
解析：句意为: 足球运动员正在地上打滚, 好像腿受了重伤。状语从句中, 从句主语与主句主语一致, 且从句谓语含有 be 动词时, 从句中的 “主语+be 动词” 可以省略。此处完整从句为 as if he/she is hurt badly in the leg, 所以设空处应填 hurt。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In a faraway part of Ecuador’s Amazon rainforest, river transport is far more common than road travel.(在厄瓜多尔亚马逊雨林的一个偏远地区，水路运输远比公路运输普遍)”可知，阿查乌族社区人民的生活很大程度上依赖于船。故选D项。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“For years, many Achuar have used gasoline-powered boats on the river, but the oil must be flown in by plane from Ecuador’s capital, Quito, making it more expensive and adding to the carbon emissions (碳排放) connected with its use.(多年来，许多阿丘阿尔人一直使用以汽油为动力的船只在这条河上航行，但石油必须从厄瓜多尔首都基多用飞机运来，这使得石油更加昂贵，并增加了与使用石油相关的碳排放)”可知，燃油船费用高，有污染。而太阳能船没有这些问题，即太阳能是经济且环保的。故选B项。
3.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段中“According to the organization, the boats operating in Ecuador have completed over 300 trips in total, carrying over 1, 000 passengers and traveling over 450 kilometers per month. The most common uses are transporting local children to and from school and providing wildlife tours for eco-tourists.(据该组织称，在厄瓜多尔作业的船只总共完成了300多次航行，载有1000多名乘客，每月航行450多公里。最常见的用途是接送当地儿童上下学，以及为生态游客提供野生动物之旅)”可知，本段主要介绍了太阳能船的应用。故选A项。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。最后一段中“As well as reducing carbon emissions and pollution, the silent boats mean eco-tourists can get a closer view of wildlife without scaring it away. ‘The boat serves as a symbol of what eco-friendliness could look like,’ said Wasump.(除了减少碳排放和污染，安静的船只意味着生态游客可以更近距离地观察野生动物，而不会吓跑它们。‘这艘船是环保的象征，’Wasump说)”在提到游客乘坐无声船只近距离观察野生动物后，把这些太阳能船只称作生态友好的标志，然后归纳到：“It’s like are turn to what’s most important in Achuar culture.(这就像是回到了阿丘阿文化中最重要的东西)”，由此可推知，Wasump认为Achuar文化的核心是人与自然和谐相处。故选C项。
四、七选五
答案：GCEAF
解析：①根据上文“Different languages have their own unique grammatical rules. (不同的语言有自己的独特语法规则)”，可知这里说的是不同语言之间的语法差异。选项G“They can be extremely different from those of a learner’s native language. (它们可能与学习者的母语语法极为不同)”符合语境，故选G项。
②根据上文“What’s more, the stress of a language can also affect the meaning of a word or a sentence. (此外，语言的重音也会影响单词或句子的意思)”可知，这里讨论的是发音对语言理解的影响。选项C“Mistakes in pronunciation can lead to misunderstandings. (发音错误可能导致误解)”与上文内容紧密相连，故选C项。
③根据上文“Building a large enough vocabulary is necessary for effective language learning. (建立足够大的词汇量是有效语言学习的必要条件)”以及下文“Some languages have a great number of words. (有些语言有大量的单词)”可知，这里需要表达的是学习新单词的难度。选项E“However, learning new words can be a slow and hard process. (然而，学习新单词可能是一个缓慢而艰难的过程)”符合语境，故选E项。
④根据下文“Idioms (习语), proverbs (谚语), and expressions in a language often show the culture and history of the people who speak it. (语言中的习语、谚语和表达往往体现了说这种语言的人的文化和历史)”可知，这里讨论的是语言与文化之间的关系。选项A“Language is closely related to culture. (语言与文化密切相关)”与下文内容相呼应，故选A项。
⑤根据上文“However, they may not be able to meet native speakers or stay in a language environment. (然而，他们可能无法遇到母语使用者或待在语言环境中)”，可知这里需要表达的是缺乏练习机会对语言学习的影响。选项F“This can make it difficult for them to improve their language skills. (这使得他们很难提高语言技能)”与上文内容紧密相连，故选F项。（1）Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations —高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
动词-ing形式作定语和表语
动词-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类：
动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；
现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。
1. 动词-ing形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别
(1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于名词+for +doing sth.
例：No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room (the room for reading).
谁都不准在阅览室里大声说话。
(2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的动作相当于一个定语从句
例：The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
=The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
(3)过去分词、现在分词以及不定式作定语时的区别
语法 形式 关系
过去分词作定语 done 表示被动、完成
现在分词作定语 doing 表示主动、动作正在进行
being done 表示被动、动作正在进行
不定式作定语 to do 表示主动、动作将要发生
to be done 表示被动、动作将要发生
2. 动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词
(1)现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质说明主语的性质、特征等
例：The argument is very convincing.
这个论断很令人信服。
He remained standing beside the table.
他依然站在桌旁。
(2)动名词作表语多说明主语的内容，表示笼统的、抽象的概念。主语和表语可以换位
例：Her job is teaching you English.
=Teaching you English is her job.
她的工作是教你们英语。
注意：
1. 动词-ing形式作定语和表语是高考语法中的重点，常常出现在阅读理解的长难句中，是语法填空的高频考点，也是打造书面表达中亮点句子的基础。
2. 许多现在分词是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：
moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这类分词有"令人……的"的含义，常修饰物，可在句中作表语或定语。
例：The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for television, would be a hit.
导演完全相信，这个感人的故事如果被改编成电视剧，将会大受欢迎。
We all have the opinion that the basketball match was encouraging.
我们都有这个看法，就是这场篮球比赛很鼓舞人心。
3. 不定式和过去分词也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，过去分词则表示被动、完成的含义。
例：Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是画画。(抽象的、习惯性的动作)
His wish is to become an artist.
他的愿望是成为一名艺术家。(将要发生的动作)
The cup was broken.
茶杯被打碎了。(被动、已完成的动作)
二、语法填空
1. With the help of a _____ (walk) stick, the teacher, who was unable to walk, kept on giving lessons to his students every day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2. Pictures _____ (flash) on the screen of the mobile phone can damage people's eyes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3. The real problem is _______ (get) to know the needs of the customers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. The houses______ (build) now are for the teachers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. A: Did you hear that Susan and Bob got married
B: Really That's the most _______ (shock) news I have heard today. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6. The young man _______ (sit) between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7. It was ______ (astonish) to everyone that the court had made such a decision. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8. We can see the ______ (rise) sun (东升的旭日). （所给词的适当形式填空）
9. The ______ (sleep) baby is my sister's son. He is so lovely that we all love him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10. The lantern fair ______ (attract) many visitors at home and abroad features a great parade. (所给词的适当形式填空)
三、阅读理解
When your pen is broken, the batteries (电池) in your toys run out, or you have some leftover food, what will you do with these things You will probably throw them all into one bin. But actually, all of these pieces of rubbish need to be sorted (分类) separately.
Rubbish sorting is a big problem worldwide. In recent years, some Chinese cities have been working hard on it. Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a “green account (账户)” service. Account owners get points by correctly sorting their rubbish. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards or other products. The city is asking all people living there to sort their rubbish into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.
Wet waste is something you don’t want but that pigs can eat. Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine, batteries and bulbs. Finally, any waste that’s not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the “dry waste” bin.
Many other Chinese cities are also sorting their rubbish in this way. For example, Shenzhen has been doing this since 2012. Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study. In fact, there are still many workers specially working for sorting rubbish by hand in China. There is still a long way to go. But it’s never too late for every Chinese to learn how to sort rubbish properly and protect the environment.
If you don’t sort your rubbish, all of it will go to a landfill (垃圾填埋场) and be buried together. These landfills can take up much ground that could be used for planting. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries or used mobile phones, can cause pollution. Other pieces of rubbish, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.
1. Shanghai creates the “green account” service in order to ______.
A. work with the Alipay app. B. punish those who don’t sort rubbish.
C. exchange useful products. D. encourage people to sort their rubbish.
2. After drinking up the milk, you can put the milk box into a “______ waste” bin.
A. wet. B. recyclable. C. harmful. D. dry.
3. The last paragraph is mainly about ______.
A. why we should sort rubbish properly. B. where our rubbish can be dealt with.
C. how some waste can be recycled. D. what waste can cause pollution.
4. Which is NOT TRUE about rubbish sorting in China according to this passage
A. There is still a long way to go in rubbish sorting.
B. There are many workers sorting rubbish by hand.
C. Students have to take waste-sorting classes in school.
D. Shenzhen has been doing rubbish sorting for a decade roughly.
四、七选五
Swimming, cycling, jogging, skiing, dancing, walking or any of dozens of other activities can help your heart. ① _________ Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine, all exercise adds up to having a healthier heart. Here are some tips for exercise success.
·Choose activities that are fun and add variety. Develop several activities that you can enjoy. ② _________
·Wear comfortable, properly fitted shoes and comfortable, loose-fitting clothing appropriate for the weather and the activity.
·Find a convenient time and place to do activities. ③ _________ If you miss an exercise opportunity, work activity into your day another way.
·Use music to keep yourself entertained.
·④ _________ Decide what kind of support you need. Do you want them to remind you to exercise Exercise with you regularly or occasionally Be understanding when you get up early to exercise Spend time with the children while you exercise Try not to ask you to change your exercise routine Share your activity time with others. Ask your family members, friends or co-workers for help.
·Don't overdo it, especially at first. You can slowly increase the time and intensity (强度) of your activities as you become more fit. ⑤ _________
·Keep a record of your activities. Reward yourself at times. Nothing will inspire you more than success!
A. Try to make it a habit, but be flexible.
B. Be an active role model for your children.
C. That way, exercise will never seem boring.
D. Surround yourself with supportive people.
E. Gradually, work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30 — 60 minutes.
F. They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath.
G. If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease, see your doctor for medical advice before exercising.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：walking
解析：考查动名词作定语。此处表示“在手杖的帮助下”,设空处作定语说明名词stick的用途,故用动名词walking。
2.答案：flashing
解析：考查现在分词作定语。句意:手机屏幕上闪烁的图片会伤害人们的眼睛。句中已有谓语动词can damage,设空处应用非谓语动词形式。“on the screen of the mobile phone”作定语修饰空前的名词Pictures; Pictures与flash之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
3.答案：getting
解析：考查动名词。句意：真正的问题是了解客户的需求。分析句子可知，该空在句中作表语成分，应用动名词形式，get的动名词形式为getting。故填getting。
4.答案：being built
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在建立的房子是给教师建的。分析句子可知，build作定语修饰houses用非谓语动词，二者之间是被动关系，由now可知，动作在进行，故用现在分词的被动式，故填being built。
5.答案：shocking
解析：考查形容词。句意：A：你听说Susan和Bob结婚的事了吗？B：真的吗？这是我今天听到的最令人震惊的消息了。shocked意为"感到震惊的"，修饰的是人；shocking意为"令人震惊的"，修饰的是物。空处单词修饰news。故填shocking。
6.答案： sitting
解析：sit和The young man有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词-ing形式做定语。
7.答案：astonishing
解析：考查形容词。句意：法院做出这样的决定使大家感到吃惊。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作表语，此处主语是that从句，指事情，所以空处需用ing形容词astonishing“令人吃惊的”作表语。故填astonishing。
8.答案：rising
解析：考查现在分词。句意：我们可以看到东升的旭日。分析句子可知，该空为非谓语，且rise与其逻辑主语sun为主动关系，应用现在分词形式rising作定语，修饰sun。故填rising。
9.答案：sleeping
解析：考查现在分词。句意：正在睡觉的婴儿是我妹妹的儿子。他是如此可爱，我们都喜欢他。分析句子可知，该空为非谓语，应填现在分词形式sleeping作定语修饰baby，表示与逻辑主语baby的主动关系，动作正在进行。故填sleeping。
10.答案：attracting
解析：设空处应用非谓语形式作后置定语,修饰 The lantern fair, attract与其逻辑主语 The lantern fair之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填 attracting。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段" Account owners get points by correctly sorting their rubbish. Through the Alipay app, they can exchange the points for milk, phone cards or other products.("绿色"账户所有者可以通过正确分类垃圾来获得积分。通过支付宝应用程序，他们可以将积分兑换成牛奶，电话卡或其他产品。)"这说明"绿色账户"的创立是为了通过奖励鼓励人们进行垃圾分类。故选D。
2.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的" Plastics, glass, paper and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste.(塑料，玻璃，纸张和其他可重复使用的物品均为可回收垃圾。)"再结合常识，牛奶盒是纸质的，是可以回收利用的，应归为可回收垃圾，A.wet 湿的；B.recyclable 可回收的；C.harmful 有害的；D.dry 干的。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段"These landfills can take up much ground that could be used for planting. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries or used mobile phones, can cause pollution. Other pieces of rubbish, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.(这些垃圾填埋场会占用大量可用于种植的土地。丢弃的电子废物(例如电池或用过的手机)可能会造成污染。如果将其正确回收，则可以使用其他垃圾(例如笔的金属部分)来制造其他物品。)"可知，最后一段主要是关于垃圾分类的好处，解释了为什么要进行垃圾分类。故选A。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Students there also receive waste-sorting guidebooks that they must study.(深圳的学生还收到了他们必须学习的垃圾分类指南。)"可知，学生是要学习垃圾分类指南，不是必须上垃圾分类课程，C项的内容与文章不符。故选C。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤FCADE
解析：①根据上文“Swimming, cycling, jogging, skiing, dancing, walking or any of dozens of other activities can help your heart. (游泳、骑自行车、慢跑、滑雪、跳舞、散步或其他几十种活动中的任何一种都对心脏有益)” 可知，此处提到了多种有益心脏的运动。F选项“They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath. (它们都会让你感到温暖，呼吸急促但不会喘不过气来)”中的“They all”指代上文的多种运动，且进一步说明了这些运动带来的身体反应。故选F项。
②根据上文“Choose activities that are fun and add variety. Develop several activities that you can enjoy. (选择有趣且多样化的活动。开发几种你能享受的活动)”可知，这里强调了活动要有趣和多样。C选项“That way, exercise will never seem boring. (那样的话，锻炼就永远不会显得无聊)”中的“That way”指代上文选择有趣多样活动的做法，且说明了这样做的结果是锻炼不会无聊。故选C项。
③根据上文“Find a convenient time and place to do activities. (找一个方便的时间和地点来进行活动)”以及下文“If you miss an exercise opportunity, work activity into your day another way. (如果你错过了一次锻炼机会，以另一种方式把活动融入你的一天)”可知，此处应是关于锻炼时间和灵活性的内容。A选项“Try to make it a habit, but be flexible. (尽量把它变成一种习惯，但也要灵活)”既提到了要养成锻炼习惯，又强调了灵活性，承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
④根据下文“Decide what kind of support you need. Do you want them to remind you to exercise Exercise with you regularly or occasionally Be understanding when you get up early to exercise Spend time with the children while you exercise Try not to ask you to change your exercise routine Share your activity time with others. Ask your family members, friends or co-workers for help. (决定你需要什么样的支持。你想让他们提醒你锻炼吗？定期或偶尔和你一起锻炼？当你早起锻炼时能理解你吗？在你锻炼的时候和孩子们在一起？尽量不要求你改变你的锻炼计划？和别人分享你的活动时间。向你的家人、朋友或同事寻求帮助)”可知，此段主要讲的是在锻炼时寻求他人的支持。D选项“Surround yourself with supportive people. (让自己周围都是支持你的人)”符合该段主旨，引出下文。故选D项。
⑤根据上文“Don't overdo it, especially at first. You can slowly increase the time and intensity (强度) of your activities as you become more fit. (不要过度，尤其是一开始。随着你变得更健康，你可以慢慢增加活动的时间和强度)”可知，这里提到了随着健康状况改善逐渐增加活动时间和强度。E选项“Gradually, work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30 — 60 minutes. (逐渐地，在一周的大部分时间里进行30到60分钟的锻炼)”进一步说明了逐渐增加锻炼的时间安排。故选E项。（5）Unit 5 The Value of Money—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
情态动词
(一) can/could
1. 表示能力，can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。
例：You can tell the significance of climate change to us. 你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但没有做到。
注意：
can表示能力的时候，还可以用be able to代替，表示后来通过努力终于做成了某事。
例：He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank.
他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。
2. 表示请求或许可。
当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。
例：—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning 我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？
—Yes, you can./No, I'm afraid not. 是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。
You can go with them if you like. 如果你愿意的话，可以和他们一起去。
3. 表示推测。
can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时，常用"can/could＋have＋过去分词"的否定或疑问形式。
例：It can't/couldn't be true. 那不可能是真的。
Can/Could he have heard the news 他听说过这个消息了吗？
4. 表示客观的、一时的情况，意思是"有时候会"。
例：The weather in Shanghai can/could be very cold in winter. 上海冬季可能很冷。
5. 表示惊异、怀疑，不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
例：How can you be so careless! 你怎么那么粗心呀！
(二) may/might
1. 表示请求或允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustn't或can't。
例：You may come if you wish. 如果你想来，你就来。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
—May I smoke here 我可以在这里吸烟吗？
—No，you mustn't. You'd better not. 不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。
2. 表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。
例：The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. 人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
3. 用于表祝愿的句子中。
例：May both the bride and groom have happy lives. 祝新娘新郎幸福绵长。
(三) must/have to
1. must表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。have to表示"必须，不得不"，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而"必须，不得不"做某事。mustn't表示禁止做某事；have to的否定形式表示"不必"。have to可用于多种时态中。
例：I work not because I have to, but because I want to.
我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。(客观上需要做这件事)
You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
在设定目标时，你必须牢记这些要点。(主观上要做这件事)
注意：
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。
例：—Must we hand in our exercise books now 我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't./No，you don't have to.) 是的，必须。(不，不必)。
2. must表示猜测。意为"想必，准是，一定"，只用于肯定句。
例：The book must be the one you want. 这本书一定是你要的那本。
She's wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，她一定很有钱。
3. must还可表示"偏要"。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。
Why must it rain on Sunday 为什么偏要在星期天下雨？
(四) shall
1. 表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
例：Shall I get you some more tea 再来点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside 让那男孩在外面等吗？
2. 表示说话人的意愿，有"命令、允诺、警告、决心"等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
例：You shall come on time. 你必须准时到。(命令)
He shall have the book when I finish reading it. 我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. 没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)
No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission.
未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。(警告)
3. 表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为"必须；应该"。
例：One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
我们规定中的其中一项是：每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。
Each party shall respect the articles of this contract. 任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。
(五) should
1. 表示义务、责任，意为"应该"，用于各种人称。
例：Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend. 在考虑上哪所大学之前，学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
2. 表示可能性很大的猜测，说明说话人对客观事物的真实性作出较大可能的判断，意为"想必一定，照说应该；估计"等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
3. 表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为"居然，竟然"。
Amazing! You should wear slippers at work. 真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班！
(六) will/would
1. 表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示"不肯，不乐意"。
例：I will never do that again. 我决不会再做那种事了。
2. 表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
例：Will/Would you pass me the book 请你把书递给我好吗？
3. will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为"总是；常常"。
例：Fish will die without water. 没有水，鱼会死去。
When my parents were away, my grandmother would take care of me.
我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看我。
(七) need
1. 用作情态动词，need意为"需要，有必要"，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。疑问句中把need提前，否定形式是在need后加not。
例：You needn't come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必来。
2. 用作实义动词，意为"需要，有必要"，可以用于各种句式中。
例：You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。
I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。
Do we need to finish all the work today 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
(八) dare
1. dare作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去形式为dared。
例：How dare you say I'm unfair 你怎么敢说我不公平？
He dare not speak English before such a crowd, dare he
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，是吗？
If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers.
如果那天我们不敢去那里，我们就得不到美丽的花。
2. dare作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
例：I dare to swim across this river. 我敢游过这条河。
He doesn't dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。
二、语法填空
1. Her appearance has changed so much that you ________________ well not recognize her. (情态动词)
2. It was said that the old lady ________________ sit under the big tree, waiting for her son to return from the front. (情态动词)
3. You ________________ be tired after four hours’ reading. (情态动词)
4. Reading English novels has greatly increased my vocabulary—I suggest you ________________ try it too. (情态动词)
5. We ________________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner. (情态动词)
6. —Can't you stay a little longer
—It's getting late. I ________________ (can / could / may / might / must) go now. My daughter is home alone. (情态动词)
7. ________________ you mind my troubling you with some questions (情态动词)
8. We ________________ as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. (情态动词)
9. It was so noisy that we ________________ not hear ourselves speak in the restaurant so we went outside to have a chat. (情态动词)
10. You ________________ (mustn’t / needn’t) return the book now; you can keep it till next week if you like. (情态动词)
三、阅读理解
Migratory birds (候鸟) rely on a network of habitats across continents (洲). Today, scientists with the National Audubon Society published a study in which they propose a new way to identify where conservation efforts are most needed to ensure the survival for migratory birds that travel between Canada and South America.
The study integrates movement data from more than 329,000 birds of 112 species to identify the areas where migratory birds face the greatest threats from climate change and habitat loss. Researchers introduce a new way called multispecies migratory connectivity to measure these threats. Despite a growing understanding of how birds connect across different places and seasons, by combining connectivity patterns across many species with future climate changes and habitat changes, researchers find out the migration paths at the highest risk throughout the Americas.
The findings show that migration paths between some breeding (繁殖) regions in Canada and non-breeding regions in South America are particularly vulnerable, suggesting the threats faced by long-distance migrants. Alarmingly, over half of the migration paths at very high risk involve breeding regions in the eastern United States. “Bird migration is one of the most incredible and impressive phenomena in nature. This new science highlights the need for continued investment and international efforts to reduce the dangers migratory birds meet across the entire continents,” said Dr. Jill Deppe, senior director of Audubon’s Migratory Bird Initiative.
A 2019 study determined that there are nearly three billion fewer birds in North America than in the year 1970, with two-and-a-half billion of those birds considered migratory birds. The survival of many of these migratory species remains uncertain if countries do not take action to reduce climate pollution and the impacts of human activities that threaten birds and their habitats. By learning more about the threats these birds are facing during their annual cycle, we can focus on the places and actions that will have the biggest impact for securing their future.
1. What is multispecies migratory connectivity used to do
A. Track the migration paths of many species.
B. Identify suitable habitats for breeding birds.
C. Measure the risks faced by migratory birds.
D. Guess future populations of migratory birds.
2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Easily damaged. B. Equally improved.
C. Well protected. D. Widely spread.
3. Why is the 2019 study mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To praise the success of conservation efforts.
B. To stress the necessity of conservation action.
C. To compare migration patterns of different bird species.
D. To explain the causes of climate change affecting birds.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. The Role of Global Efforts in Bird Conservation
B. New Scientific Tools for Tracking Bird Migration
C. How Climate Change Is Reshaping Bird Migration Pattern
D. Scientists Identify Key Areas for Protecting Migratory Birds
四、七选五
Here we’ve got three tips to help you start an exercise habit that can stick. It’s a lot easier than you think.
①_________
You don’t have to be a marathoner to get meaningful health benefits from exercise. Experts say even daily activities, which include mopping the floor, organizing a room or carrying groceries up the stairs can reduce the risk of diseases like diabetes, heart disease and even some cancers.
So remind yourself that it’s not a choice between hours-long workout or nothing at all. Instead, think of starting an exercise routine like standing up from your chair and sitting back down repeatedly. ②_________
Focus on how exercise makes you feel great
There are so many positives that happen when you move. It improves all the tasks that demand focus and creativity. It helps you generate energy. It boosts mood. ③_________. When you feel better, you will bring more enthusiasm and energy to your work and the people working around you.
Forget long- term benefits like weight loss or better overall health. ④_________. Actually, they’re not super motivational in real-time and can be disheartening when you don’t see results quickly.
Figure out what kind of exercise and workout location makes you feel good
If weightlifting in a crowded gym gives you anxiety, try to get a set of weights for home or follow workout videos on YouTube or ride a bike in the park. ⑤_________.
A. Start small and every movement counts
B. They often take much longer time to achieve
C. Focus on immediate payoffs like improved mood and energy
D. In short, any movement helps to clear fat and sugar out of the blood
E. Remember, when you have more energy, you’re a happier person
F. Keep trying until you find a workout routine that makes you happy
G. No matter how modest those goals are, they create this feeling like I can do more
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：may/might
解析：考查情态动词。句意：她的外貌变化太大了,你很可能认不出她来。may/might well“很可能”,固定短语,故填may/might。
2.答案：would
解析：考查情态动词。句意：据说那位老太太总会坐在大树下,等着儿子从前线回来。结合句意可知,此处表示过去反复进行的动作,应用情态动词would。故填would。
3.答案：must
解析：考查情态动词。句意：读了四个小时的书,你一定累了。此处表示肯定推测,意为“肯定”应用must,故填must。
4.答案：should
解析：考查情态动词。句意：阅读英文小说大大增加了我的词汇量——我建议你也试一试。suggest表示“建议”,后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,从句谓语部分使用“should+动词原形”,故填should。
5.答案：needn't
解析：考查情态动词。由now that后“Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭”可知,空处表示的是“(我们)本来没必要买如此多的食物”。needn't have done sth表示“本没必要做某事,而实际上做了”。
6.答案：must
解析：句意:——你不能再待时间长一点吗 ——时候不早了,我现在必须得走了。我女儿自己在家呢。本句中must意为“必须”。
7.答案：Would
解析：句意:你介意我为了一些问题麻烦你吗 would在此处表示委婉的请求。
8.答案：may/might
解析：考查情态动词。句意:既然交通如此拥挤，我们还是乘地铁去吧。此处是固定搭配:may as well或者might as well意为“只好(做);(做……)也无妨”。故填may或者might。
9.答案：could
解析：考查情态动词。句意:餐厅里太吵了，我们都听不见自己说话，所以我们到外面聊天。设空处填写情态动词与后文的not hear构成情态动词的否定结构。根据前文的was可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“能够”用can，其过去式是could。故填could。
10.答案：needn’t
解析：考查情态动词。句意：你现在不必还书；如果你愿意，你可以把它保留到下周。此处表示“不必”应用needn't。故填needn't。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study integrates movement data from more than 329,000 birds of 112 species to identify the areas where migratory birds face the greatest threats from climate change and habitat loss. Researchers introduce a new way called multispecies migratory connectivity to measure these threats. (该研究整合了112个物种的329,000多只鸟类的迁徙数据，以识别候鸟面临气候变化和栖息地丧失最大威胁的区域。研究人员引入了一种名为“多物种迁徙连通性”的新方法来衡量这些威胁。)”可知，多物种迁徙连通性是用来衡量候鸟面临的风险的。故选C。
2.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词下文“suggesting the threats faced by long-distance migrants (表明长途迁徙者面临的威胁)”和“Alarmingly, over half of the migration paths at very high risk involve breeding regions in the eastern United States. (令人担忧的是，超过一半的高风险迁徙路线涉及美国东部的繁殖区。)”可知，研究结果表明，加拿大一些繁殖区与南美洲非繁殖区之间的迁徙路线尤其脆弱，vulnerable意为“脆弱的，易受伤的”，和Easily damaged意思相近。故选A。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A 2019 study determined that there are nearly three billion fewer birds in North America than in the year 1970, with two-and-a-half billion of those birds considered migratory birds. The survival of many of these migratory species remains uncertain if countries do not take action to reduce climate pollution and the impacts of human activities that threaten birds and their habitats. (2019年的一项研究确定，北美地区的鸟类数量比1970年减少了近30亿只，其中25亿只是候鸟。如果这些国家不采取行动减少气候污染和人类活动对鸟类及其栖息地的威胁，许多迁徙物种的生存仍然不确定。)”可推知，最后一段提到了2019年的研究是为了强调保护行动的必要性。故选B。
4.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Today, scientists with the National Audubon Society published a study in which they propose a new way to identify where conservation efforts are most needed to ensure the survival for migratory birds that travel between Canada and South America. (如今，美国奥杜邦协会的科学家们发表了一项研究。在这项研究中，他们提出了一种新方法，用以确定在哪些地方最需要开展保护工作，从而确保在加拿大和南美洲之间迁徙的候鸟能够生存下来。)”可知，本文主要讲的是美国奥杜邦协会的科学家们发表了一项研究，提出了一种新方法来确定在加拿大和南美洲之间迁徙的候鸟最需要保护的地方，因此D选项“Scientists Identify Key Areas for Protecting Migratory Birds(科学家确定了保护候鸟的关键区域)”很好地概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选D。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤ADEBF
解析：①根据后文“You don’t have to be a marathoner to get meaningful health benefits from exercise. Experts say even daily activities, which include mopping the floor, organizing a room or carrying groceries up the stairs can reduce the risk of diseases like diabetes, heart disease and even some cancers.(你不必成为一名马拉松运动员才能从锻炼中获得有意义的健康益处。专家说，即使是日常活动，包括拖地、整理房间或把杂货搬上楼梯，也可以降低患糖尿病、心脏病甚至某些癌症等疾病的风险)”可知，本节主要是讲锻炼身体不需要每天坚持跑马拉松。日常家务，甚至经常从椅子上站起来走走都能达到锻炼的目的。故A选项“从小处入手，每个活动都重要”符合语境，故选A。
②根据上文“You don’t have to be a marathoner to get meaningful health benefits from exercise.(你不必成为一名马拉松运动员才能从锻炼中获得有意义的健康益处)”以及“So remind yourself that it’s not a choice between hours-long workout or nothing at all. Instead, think of starting an exercise routine like standing up from your chair and sitting back down repeatedly.(所以提醒自己，这不是在长时间锻炼和什么都不做之间的选择。相反，可以考虑开始锻炼，比如从椅子上站起来，然后反复坐下来)”可知，本段主要说的是小活动也可以锻炼身体，本句为本段最后一句，进行总结。故D选项“总之，每一个活动都有利于清除血液中的脂肪和能量”符合语境，故选D。
③根据上文“There are so many positives that happen when you move. It improves all the tasks that demand focus and creativity. It helps you generate energy. It boosts mood.(当你行动的时候，会有很多积极的事情发生。它可以改善所有需要专注力和创造力的任务。它能帮助你产生能量。它能提高心情)”以及后文“When you feel better, you will bring more enthusiasm and energy to your work and the people working around you.(当你感觉更好的时候，你会给你的工作和你周围的人带来更多的热情和能量)”可知，上文提到锻炼不但能提气还能提神，空后又提到这种精神气还能感染你周围的人，故本句承上启下，说明精力充沛的好处。故E选项“记住，你精力充沛时会感到更幸福”符合语境，故选E。
④根据上文“Forget long- term benefits like weight loss or better overall health.(忘记长期的好处，如减肥或更好的整体健康)”可知，上文提到忘记长期的好处，本句说明原因：它们需要很长时间才能见效。故B选项“它们需要很长时间才能见效”符合语境，故选B。
⑤根据上文“If weightlifting in a crowded gym gives you anxiety, try to get a set of weights for home or follow workout videos on YouTube or ride a bike in the park.(如果在拥挤的健身房举重让你感到焦虑，那就试着在家里买一套举重器材，或者关注YouTube上的锻炼视频，或者在公园里骑自行车)”可知，上文说明了要不断尝试各种活动，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明原因：不停地尝试直到找到能让自己满意的活动。故F选项“不停地尝试直到找到能让自己满意的活动”符合语境，故选F。

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