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（4）Unit 4 Sharing—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
短语
(一) 短语的概述
1. 含义及分类：英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语（NP）、动词短语（VP）、形容词短语（AdjP）、副词短语（AdvP）、介词短语（PreP）等。
2. 句法功能：英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句子中主要充当主语、宾语等；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语等；形容词短语主要充当表语、宾补、定语、状语等。
例：Most of the boys in my class like playing football. 在这个句子中，Most of the boys 是名词短语，in my class是介词短语，like playing football是动词短语。
(二) 短语动词
英语中有些动词可以和一些别的词构成一个具有新的词义的固定搭配，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独的动词差不多，而且不可分割，这种固定搭配叫作短语动词。
1. 短语动词的构成
短语动词的构成主要有以下几种：
（1）动词＋副词
bring up 抚养；提出
find out 查明；查出
pick out 精心挑选
hand in 上交
give up 放弃
break out 爆发
put aside 把……放在一边；留存，储蓄
（2）动词＋介词
look for 寻找
look into 调查
go over 仔细检查
begin with 以……开始
（3）动词＋副词＋介词
care about 关心
apply for 申请
object to 反对
consist of 由……组成
come up with 提出
get along with 与……和睦相处
run out of 用完
get away from 逃离
make up for 弥补
put up with 容忍
（4）动词＋名词
take place 发生
make sense 讲得通，有意义
lose heart 泄气
（5）动词＋名词＋介词
make faces 做鬼脸
take part in 参加
make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意
keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
show interest in 对……表现出兴趣
take advantage of 利用
（6）动词＋介词＋名词
① 动词后需要带宾语类
Keep...in mind 记住……
put...into effect 使……生效
take...into consideration 把……考虑在内
② 动词后不带宾语类
come into being 形成
come into effect 生效
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
2. 动词与介词、副词的常见搭配
（1）不同的动词后接相同的介词或副词
① 动词＋away
throw away 扔掉
put away 将……收起
carry away 拿走，带走
run away 逃离；躲避
go away 走开
give away 捐赠；分发；泄露，暴露
② 动词＋down
hand down 把……传下
get/ take/ write/ set down 写下，记下
bring down 降低，减少
tear down 拆除
③ 动词＋off
call off 取消
cut off 切掉；中断
pay off 还清
show off 炫耀
set off 出发
take off 脱下；起飞；突然开始成功
④ 动词＋on
try on 试穿
have on 穿着，戴着
keep on 继续
carry on 继续做
hold on 别挂断；坚持住；抓紧
⑤ 动词＋out
go out 熄灭
set out 出发，动身
wear out 用坏，磨损
wash out 把……洗掉
carry out 实施，执行
hand out 分发
turn out 出席，在场；结果是
work out 计算出；成功地发展
⑥ 动词＋over
come over 短暂造访
hand over 移交
look over 检查
think over 仔细考虑
take over 接收，接管
⑦ 动词＋up
fix up 修理
call up 使想起；打电话给
cut up 切碎
grow up 长大
make up 编造；补上；组成
set up 建立，开办
put up 表现；提出（意见等）
take up 开始从事；占据
pick up 捡起；（开车）接人；偶然得到
（2）同一个动词后接不同的介词或副词
① break+介词/ 副词
break down 出故障；垮掉
break up 散开，解散
break into 强行闯入
break away 突然挣脱
break off 中断
（2）get+介词/副词
get about/ around 传播
get on 乘坐；进展
get off 从……下来
get out 出去
get over 克服
get across 被理解
（3）give+介词/副词
give in 屈服，投降
give off 放出，发出
give back 归还
give out 耗尽；放出（光、热等）
（4）turn+介词/副词
turn around 转身
turn to 向……求助
turn in 归还；上交
turn over 翻转
turn on 打开
turn off 关掉
turn up 调高；偶然出现
turn down 把……调低，关小；拒绝
（5）put+介词/副词
put down 记下；镇压
put forward 提出，建议
put off 推迟，使延期
put on 穿上；上演
put out 生产；扑灭
二、语法填空
1. We are______ (privilege) to welcome you as our speaker this evening.
2. A balanced diet is _________ (对……有益) for maintaining energy levels and staying healthy throughout the day. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
3. Our policies are______ tune with the needs and the aspirations of the people.
4. It is raining rather ______ (heavy) outside. You may as well stay here for the night. (______ 短语) (完成句子并指出画线部分的短语类型)
5. The sweet little dog lifted and lowered its head alternately with caution, its eyes shining __________________ _______________ _______________ (出于好奇).（根据汉语提示完成句子）
6. If you put your wet clothes______ the shade, it will take a long time to dry them off.
7. Like other mothers, she was _________ (occupy) with routine housework.
8. The beauty of Jiuzhaigou is beyond_____ (e to Jiuzhaigou and you will have an unforgettable experience in this fairyland.
9. I relayed the same advice _____ him, but he wouldn't listen.
10. Which club do you think is __________ (suit) for Adam He likes maths very much.
三、阅读理解
An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience.
The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips. The artists also followed up with ongoing self-research and observation of their environment.
Dr Jenny Shaw, WAMSI Research Director, said, “It’s been a great opportunity to move science into the community and also see different interpretations of marine research topics.” The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment.
MIX Artists coordinator Annette Davis said the cooperation gave the artists fantastic insight into another world, and working with the scientists was fundamental to how the artworks had developed. “Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community,” Davis said.
The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change. Catherine Higham used seagrass and bamboo to make a large listening horn (喇叭) to listen to underwater life. Christine Baker’s work, titled Micro Plastic Menu, was inspired by a talk on microplastic pollution and how it enters food chains.
1.How did WAMSI assist the artists
A. By aiding in materials creation. B. By providing technical guidance.
C. By offering a platform for art sales. D. By organizing educational events.
2.What can we infer from the text
A. The art exhibition of scientists is very eye-catching.
B. People are much more interested in science than in art.
C. The participation of artists contributes to the spread of marine knowledge.
D. Artists should go into the classroom to learn cultural knowledge.
3.Why is the work Micro Plastic Menu mentioned in the text
A. To highlight the personal experiences of the artist.
B. To illustrate that artists draw inspiration from science.
C. To demonstrate the use of technology in contemporary art.
D. To emphasize the role of art in environmental conservation.
4.Which is the best title for the text
A. An Art Exhibition by a Famous Marine Artist.
B. A Cooperative Art and Marine Science Exhibition.
C. An Exhibition Showcasing Traditional Art Forms.
D. A Conference Discussing Marine Science Advancements.
四、七选五
Green-eyed monster
It is all too human to feel envious of others’ success, but what can we do when those feelings threaten to overcome us
The obvious solution would be to avoid comparing ourselves to the people around us. ① _______________ Humans are social creatures, and our standing within a group would have serious consequences for our welfare. As a result, we unavoidably use others as a measure of our success. This can kill satisfaction we’ve gained from our achievements.
② _______________ The relative ranking of people’s earnings, compared with friends or coworkers, matters more for life satisfaction than how much they earn. This is the same case in other aspects like education or intelligence. It is how we match up to others that shapes how good we feel about ourselves.
Envy may be worsened by a “focusing illusion (幻想)”. ③ _______________ We imagine that our successful friend is living in a constant state of joy, and forget that they have to face everyday difficulties like an argument with their partner or the death of a pet.
In one study, participants were asked to imagine a peer with a desirable life. Simply reminding them of the “small annoyances” this person regularly faced significantly reduced their envy. ④ _______________ Realizing this should make us think twice about wishing ourselves in another’s shoes.
When we are feeling bitter, we might also interpret others’ achievements as evidence that our own goals are achievable. Try remembering all the things within your control, and make a step-by-step plan of how you might achieve that. ⑤ _______________
We may never escape social comparison. When life gives us sour grapes, however, we can choose to make wine from those momentarily bitter fruits.
A. But that is easier said than done.
B. It refers to a habit of focusing on our failures.
C. So we can’t help envying friends’ promotion.
D. We can see this in how people think of their income.
E. It describes fixing on a single aspect of someone’s life.
F. We can never know what emotional problems someone may have.
G. In this sense, feeling envious will motivate you to take positive actions.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：privileged
解析：考查形容词。be privileged to do sth.表示“有幸去做某事”,设空处作表语,应用形容词形式。句意:我们荣幸地欢迎您今晚来讲演。
2.答案：beneficial
解析：考查形容词。句意：均衡的饮食对保持能量水平和全天候保持健康有益。此处为形容词作表语，根据提示的汉语，此处表示“有益的”为形容词beneficial。故填beneficial。
3.答案：in
解析：考查介词。in tune with...意为“与……一致”。句意:我们的政策符合人民的需要和愿望。
4.答案：heavily;副词
解析：句意:外面雨下得很大。你不妨在这里过夜吧。
5.答案： out； of； curiosity
解析：考查固定短语。句意：这只可爱的小狗小心翼翼地交替抬起头又低下头，它的眼睛因好奇而闪闪发光。根据汉语提示 “出于好奇” 以及句子结构，此处需要一个短语作状语来修饰 “its eyes shining”。“out of curiosity” 是固定短语，意为 “出于好奇”，在句中作原因状语，“its eyes shining out of curiosity” 表示 “它的眼睛出于好奇而闪闪发光”，符合语境和语法要求。故填 out； of； curiosity。
6.答案：in
解析：考查介词。in the shade意为“在阴凉处”。句意:如果你把你的湿衣服放在阴凉处,晾干它们会花费很长的时间。
7.答案：occupied
解析：考查形容词。句意:像其他母亲一样，她忙于日常的家务。be occupied with意为“忙于..”，为固定短语，故用形容词occupied“忙于”，作表语。故填occupied.
8.答案：description
解析：句意为:九寨沟的美是无法形容的。来到九寨沟,在这个仙境你会有一次难忘的体验。beyond description意为“无法形容的”。
9.答案： to
解析：句意为:我向他转达了同样的建议,但他不会听。relay sth to sb为固定搭配,意为“向某人转达某事”。故填to。
10.答案：suitable
解析：考查形容词。句意:你认为哪个俱乐部适合亚当 他非常喜欢数学。be suitable for意为“适合”，此处应用形容词suitable表示“适合的”作表语。故填suitable。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips.(西澳大利亚海洋科学研究所（WAMSI）为艺术家们提供了通过讲座、演讲和实地考察向海洋科学家学习的机会。)”可知，WAMSI通过组织教育活动来帮助艺术家。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment.(科学家们从向不同的受众阐释自己的研究工作中获益匪浅，而艺术家们对此表现出了极高的兴趣，这有助于大家对海洋环境形成一种共同的珍视之情。)”以及第四段“Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community(艺术家们凭借直觉、好奇心和想象力，通过选定的材料和技术诠释他们的发现，并创作艺术作品，帮助将这种理解传播到更广泛的社区。)”可推知，艺术家的参与有助于海洋知识的传播。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change.(对海洋科学的探索激发了一些艺术家的创作灵感，他们的艺术作品常常围绕着微妙平衡的沿海环境以及结构变化所带来的影响展开。)”可推断，文中提到《微塑料菜单》这个作品是为了说明艺术家从科学中汲取灵感。故选B。
4.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience.(最近在奥尔巴尼举办了一个将科学知识与创作灵感相结合的艺术展览。该展览展出了来自大南方MIX艺术家的作品，展示了当代艺术家和在该地区工作的海洋科学家之间独特的艺术科学合作。南海岸和奥尔巴尼附近的水域以其独特的动植物多样性而闻名，这些作品向广大观众传达了重要的海洋科学知识和当前的研究。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一个艺术展览，艺术作品展示了当代艺术家和海洋科学家之间独特的艺术科学合作。该展览向广大观众传达了重要的海洋科学知识和当前的研究。由此可知，B选项“一个艺术与海洋科学合作展览”最符合文章标题。故选B。
四、七选五
答案：A；D；E；F；G
解析：①前文“The obvious solution would be to avoid comparing ourselves to the people around us.”（显而易见的解决办法是避免将自己与周围的人进行比较），后文“Humans are social creatures, and our standing within a group would have serious consequences for our welfare. As a result, we unavoidably use others as a measure of our success.”（人类是社会性动物，我们在群体中的地位会对我们的幸福产生严重影响。因此，我们不可避免地会以他人为衡量自己成功的标准）。A选项“But that is easier said than done.”（但说起来容易做起来难），“But”表示转折，“that is easier said than done”承接前文提到的避免比较的解决办法，引出后文说明难以做到的原因，起到了承上启下的作用，所以①处选A。
②后文“The relative ranking of people’s earnings, compared with friends or coworkers, matters more for life satisfaction than how much they earn. This is the same case in other aspects like education or intelligence.”（与朋友或同事相比，人们收入的相对排名对生活满意度的影响，比他们实际挣了多少钱更重要。在教育或智力等其他方面也是如此），整段围绕人们对收入等方面的看法展开。D选项“We can see this in how people think of their income.”（我们可以从人们对自己收入的看法中看到这一点），“We can see this”引出后文对人们收入看法的具体阐述，“in how people think of their income”能准确概括该段关于收入的话题，所以②处选D。
③前文“Envy may be worsened by a ‘focusing illusion (幻想)’.”（嫉妒可能会因“聚焦错觉”而加剧），后文“We imagine that our successful friend is living in a constant state of joy, and forget that they have to face everyday difficulties like an argument with their partner or the death of a pet.”（我们想象我们成功的朋友一直生活在快乐之中，却忘记了他们也必须面对日常的困难，比如和伴侣争吵或宠物的死亡）。E选项“It describes fixing on a single aspect of someone’s life.”（它描述的是专注于某人生活的一个方面），“It”指代前文的“focusing illusion”，“describes fixing on a single aspect of someone’s life”承接前文对“聚焦错觉”的描述，引出后文人们只关注朋友成功快乐的一面而忽略其困难的例子，所以③处选E。
④前文“In one study, participants were asked to imagine a peer with a desirable life. Simply reminding them of the ‘small annoyances’ this person regularly faced significantly reduced their envy.”（在一项研究中，参与者被要求想象一个拥有理想生活的同龄人。仅仅提醒他们这个人经常面临的“小烦恼”，就显著减少了他们的嫉妒），后文“Realizing this should make us think twice about wishing ourselves in another’s shoes.”（意识到这一点应该会让我们在希望自己能过上别人的生活时三思而后行）。F选项“We can never know what emotional problems someone may have.”（我们永远不知道别人可能有什么情感问题），“We can never know what emotional problems someone may have”承接前文提醒参与者他人有小烦恼能减少嫉妒的内容，“never know what emotional problems someone may have”进一步说明我们不了解他人的情感问题，引出后文对希望过别人生活的反思，所以④处选F。
⑤前文“When we are feeling bitter, we might also interpret others’ achievements as evidence that our own goals are achievable. Try remembering all the things within your control, and make a step-by-step plan of how you might achieve that.”（当我们感到痛苦时，我们也可以把别人的成就看作是我们自己的目标可以实现的证据。试着记住所有在你控制范围内的事情，并制定一个如何实现目标的分步计划）。G选项“In this sense, feeling envious will motivate you to take positive actions.”（从这个意义上说，感到嫉妒会激励你采取积极的行动），“In this sense”承接前文把别人成就当作目标可实现的证据以及制定计划的内容，“feeling envious will motivate you to take positive actions”总结了嫉妒在这种情况下能起到的积极作用，所以⑤处选G。

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