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（2）Unit 2 Understanding each other—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选修四期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
1.限制性定语从句
(1)关系词作用与用法
关系代词(who/whom/that/which/whose 等)：在从句里可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 。但容易混淆不同关系代词指代对象(指人 / 指物)以及在从句中所作成分，比如 that 既能指人也能指物，who 仅指人，作宾语时 whom 更正式但常被 who/that 替代 。像"Mike is one of those who love nature"，who 指代 those(指人)，在从句中作主语 。
关系副词(when/where/why)：在从句中作状语，分别表时间、地点、原因 。易和关系代词混用，要根据从句是否缺状语判断，比如"Can you think of a situation where this word can be used "，situation 是先行词，从句"this word can be used"不缺主谓宾，缺地点状语，所以用 where 。
(2)先行词为 way 时
先行词是 way 且从句表"以…… 方式"，引导词用 in which/that，还可省略 。这一用法易被忽略，做题时难快速识别，比如"I like the way (in which/that) you smile"，要注意和其他先行词情况区分开 。
(3)whose 引导的定语从句
whose 可指人或物，在从句中作定语，表所属关系 。理解不难，但写作或翻译时，要准确体现"…… 的"含义，像"I have a good friend whose mother is a nurse"(朋友的妈妈)、"I'd like to live in a room whose window faces south"(房间的窗户)。
(4)"介词 + 关系代词"结构
关系副词 when/where/why 可替换成"介词 + 关系代词"，介词选择靠先行词搭配或从句语义 。易出错点在介词判断，比如"They fixed a date when/on which they would meet again"(date 和 on 搭配)；"I will visit the museum where/in which new robots are exhibited"(museum 和 in 搭配)；"Can you tell me the reason why/for which you were late for school yesterday "(reason 和 for 搭配)，要积累常见先行词与介词的搭配 。
2.非限制性定语从句
(1)引导词特点
常用 which(指物)、who(指人)、when(表时间)、where(表地点)等引导，不用 that，这是和限制性定语从句的关键区别，易出错，比如"This is my favourite song, which I first heard ten years ago"用 which，不能用 that 。
(2)which 的特殊用法
which 可对整个主句或部分内容补充说明，还能充当抽象名词限定词 。理解和运用有难度，比如"Jenny said she could finish the project within two weeks, which I doubt very much"(which 指代"Jenny 说能两周内完成项目"这件事)；"Betty spent one year in Beijing, during which time she picked up some Chinese"(which 指代"在北京的一年时间")，要结合语境判断 which 指代内容 。
(3)as 引导的非限制性定语从句
as 表"正如"，可放句首、句中、句尾，像"As anybody can see, Nanjing is a beautiful city"。易和 which 混淆，as 有"正如、正像"语义，常出现在固定表达(as we all know/as is known to all 等)，which 无此语义，只是补充说明 。
一、单选题
1.Hate and anger are felt only for those ______ we care deeply.
A.for which B.with which C.for whom D.with whom
2.Oceans and seas are the bodies of salt water ______ cover 71 percent of the Earth's surface.
A.whose B.that C.where D.how
3.Despite some difficulties, there are special moments ______ make it worthwhile for moms to take care of children at home.
A. when B. where C. which D. what
4.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ______ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
5.Nowadays, lots of universities share teaching resources online, creating a learning space ______ benefits life-long learners.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
6. ______ is strongly recommended is that we should never trust such people ______ always over-praise you to your face.
A.It; which B.As; that C.What; as D.It; who
7.Never had they tasted such peculiar flavor before ______ was unique to this remote mountain village, ______ ingredients were simple but quite rare.
A.that; whose B.as; which C.which; where D.as; whose
8.I'm now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I'll return to a profession ______ people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.
A.which, as B.which, which C.which, where D.as, in which
9.Believe it or not, I still remember the scene ______ I was overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of dishes ______ at a roadside restaurant.
A.when; approachable B.that; affordable
C.that; accessible D.where; available
10.Don't talk about such things ______ you are not sure of, ______ is what you should keep in mind.
A.as; which B.as; that C.that; as D.what; where
二、阅读理解
Housing officials say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will, and the skill, to address ordinary conflicts. "We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room, "says a teacher. "So many of our conflicts are because kids don't know how to tackle a problem by formal discussion."
And as any pop psychologist will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent discontent that can boil over into frustration and anger. At the University of Florida, emotional conflicts occur about once a week, the university's director of housing education says. "Over the past five years, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don't have the person-to-person discussions and they don't know how to handle them." The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.
Administrators guess that reliance on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable encounters. Why express anger in person when you can vent in a text "Things are posted on someone's wall on Facebook like: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying, "says Dana Pysz, an assistant director at the University of California, Los Angeles. "It's a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more frictions as complaints go public." In recent focus groups at North Carolina State University, dorm residents said they would not even confront noisy neighbors on their floor.
Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children's problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to interfere on campus.
11.What is the main reason for many roommate conflicts
A.Students are not good at reaching an agreement about the problems.
B.Students are not satisfied with each other.
C.Housing directors are not responsible for them.
D.Students are not strong-willed.
12.What can we learn from the second paragraph
A.Students, especially freshmen, should bottle up their dissatisfaction.
B.All students are not able to handle conflicts by the time they graduate.
C.Students in Florida sit down and have a person-to-person talk once a week.
D.The number of conflicts among roommates has decreased during the past five years.
13.What is the attitude of Dana Pysz when he mentions roommates reveal their conflicts in the media
A.Eagerness. B.Indifference. C.Understandable. D.Negative.
14.What should parents do according to the passage
A.They should be involved in their children's life on campus.
B.They should deal with their children's problems in their whole lives.
C.They should constantly contact the administrators of the college.
D.They should teach their children the skills to tackle conflicts.
三、七选五
Emoji (表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. ①_____. It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. ②_____, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. ③_____. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day ④_____. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
⑤_____, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational.
B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly.
C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange.
D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally.
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly.
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace.
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。句意：憎恨和愤怒只会发生在我们深切关心的人身上。care for"关心"。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作for的宾语，应用介词for+whom引导。故选C。
2.答案：B
解析：考查定语从句。句意：海洋是覆盖地球表面71%的咸水体。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词bodies of salt water是物，因此空格处用that/which引导定语从句，故选B。
3.答案：C
解析：这是一个定语从句，先行词为"special moments"，在从句"______ make it worthwhile for moms to take care of children at home"中作主语，所以用关系代词 which 引导。A 选项"when"在定语从句中作时间状语；B 选项"where"在定语从句中作地点状语；D 选项"what"不能引导定语从句。所以选 C。
4.答案：D
解析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
5.答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。句意：如今，许多大学在网上共享教学资源，创造了一个让终身学习者受益的学习空间。先行词为 a learning space，在定语从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用 which。who 指人；where 在从句中作地点状语；what 不能引导定语从句。故选 A。
6.答案：C
解析：考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：强烈建议的是，我们永远不要相信那些总是当面过分夸奖你的人。分析句子，is strongly recommended在句中作主语，需要一个连接词引导主语从句，引导词指代"推荐的事"，故用what；第二空中引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词people，people前有such修饰，引导词在从句中作主语，故使用as。故选C。
7.答案：D
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们从来没有尝过这样独特的味道，这是这个偏远山村所独有的，其食材简单却罕见。分析句子可知，空一引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flavor，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词由such修饰，用关系代词as，空二引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flavor，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose，故选D。
8.答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我现在正在申请研究生院，这意味着有一天我会回到一个行业，在这个行业中，人们为了得到他们想要的东西而需要对我好。第一个空，"______ means someday I'll return to a profession"是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，空白处需要一个关系词来引导该从句，并在从句中作主语，所以可填入关系代词which，第二个空，"______ people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want"是定语从句，修饰先行词"profession"，所以空白处需要一个关系词来引导该从句，并在从句中作状语。根据句意，"在人们为了得到他们想要的东西而需要对我好的环境中"，此处表示"在……环境中"，所以可填入关系副词where。故选C项。
9.答案：D
解析：考查定语从句和形容词。句意：信不信由你，我仍然记得我被路边餐馆里大量的菜肴所吸引的场景。分析句子可知，该句第一空为关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词the scene在从句中作地点状语成分；该句第二空为形容词available"可获得的"作定语修饰dishes，满足句意要求。故选D项。
10.答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。句意：不要谈论你拿不准的事，这一点请你牢记在心。第一空为such...as结构的定语从句。第二空为非限制性定语从句，用which指代上句所说的内容。故选A。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"So many of our conflicts are because kids don't know how to tackle a problem by formal discussion."可知，室友之间的许多冲突都源于学生们不擅长协商解决问题，即不擅长对问题达成共识。故选A。
12.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college."可知，有些学 生在毕业时仍然不能处理好冲突。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"'Things are posted on someone's wall on Facebook like: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying,' says Dana Pysz, an assistant director at the University of California, Los Angeles. 'It's a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more frictions as complaints go public.'"可知，Dana Pysz 认为冲突(内容)一旦被公开发 表在社交媒体上，就会引起更多的摩擦，所以他不赞同这种公开冲突的方法。故选D。
14.答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children's problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts."可知，父母们应该教他们 的孩子如何处理冲突。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：DAGBF
解析：①空前一句提到"In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.", D项在内容上承接上文，且进一步说明了信息收发平台在全球范围内日益风行，D项符合语境。
②根据前句"Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear."和后半句"encouraging better and more frequent communication"可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。故A项符合语境。
③根据前句"In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge."可知，在不同年龄的雇员之间找到沟通方式上的共同点可能是个挑战，G项则是针对该挑战的解决办法。
④根据前句"Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day "和后文介绍表情符号的优点可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。故B项符合语境。
⑤根据后句"and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome"可知，空处应该体现"that positive outcome", 也就是F项中的"a happier workplace"。故F项符合语境。

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