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（1）Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选修四期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
状语从句
状语从句可分为 9 类，其引导词及用法如下：
1. 时间状语从句
引导词：when/while/as/before/after/until/till/by the time；名词短语(the moment/the minute/every time)；副词(immediately/directly)。
例句：
When I arrived, he was leaving.
The minute she saw the dog, she screamed.
2. 地点状语从句
引导词：where/wherever
例句：
Stay where you are.
I'll follow you wherever you go.
3. 原因状语从句
引导词：because/as/since/now (that)
例句：
Since it's raining, we'll stay indoors.
Now that you're here, let's start.
4. 目的状语从句
引导词：so that/in order that(从句含情态动词 may/might/can/could)
例句：
He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear.
5. 结果状语从句
引导词：so that；so/such...that...
例句：
He was so tired that he fell asleep at once.
It's such a heavy box that I can't carry it.
6. 条件状语从句
引导词：if/unless/as long as；supposing/providing (that)
例句：
You'll succeed if you try hard.
We'll go hiking unless it rains.
7. 让步状语从句
引导词：although/though/while/even if/no matter/as(需倒装)
例句：
Though he's poor, he's happy.
Child as he is, he understands much.(倒装：名词前无冠词)
8. 方式状语从句
引导词：as/as if/as though。
例句：
Do as I told you.
He acts as if he owned the place.
9. 比较状语从句
引导词：as...as.../than
例句：
She runs as fast as her sister.
This book is more interesting than that one.
关键点：
注意区分 so that 引导目的 / 结果状语从句的逻辑(目的含情态动词，结果表客观结果)。
as 引导让步状语从句需倒装(形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as + 主语 + 谓语)。
no matter + 疑问词 与 ever 类词(whoever/whatever)可互换(如：No matter what = Whatever)。
一、单选题
1.The athletes, especially the winners, should remain modest ______ rapid progress they have made.
A. whatever B. however
C. how much D. no matter
2. ______ you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope, with which you can live a happy life and achieve your goals.
A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. Whoever
3. ______ you form the habit of taking regular exercise and stick to it, you will be much healthier.
A.As long as B.In case C.As if D.Even if
4. ______ she has been studying hard all day, she is still feeling energetic and ready to continue.
A.Even though B.As C.Because D.Only if
5.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______ my daughter heard cries for help.
A.after B.while C.since D.when
6.The boy enjoyed himself so much ______ he visited his grandparents in the countryside in summer vacation.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
7.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ______ he wants their supports.
A. since B. once C. unless D. after
8. ______ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.
A. If B. Since C. Although D. Until
9.I was about to answer the stranger's question ______ my friend signaled me to stop.
A. then B. when C. while D. as
10.The teacher's voice still remained calm ______ she was getting annoyed.
A. as if B. even if C. now that D. in case
二、阅读理解
People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, such as eye contact, length of responses and the details in what people say, but studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioural information can make it harder to decide if someone is lying. Bruno Verschuere at the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues wondered whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.
To test this idea, researchers asked 44 students to go for a walk or steal from a mock (模仿的)crime. Students were instructed to lie if they committed the fake theft.
Next, the researchers recruited 171 people to watch six truthful and six deceptive (欺骗的) interviews from these recordings, ranking interviewees' eye contact and detail level. The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted (转移) their gaze a similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.
The researchers then asked 405 people to judge the true nature of six truthful and six deceptive statements randomly chosen from the interviews. Around half of the participants used multiple cues to identify liars. The remaining participants solely ranked the level of detail in answers on a scale of 1 to 10, with 6 or above counting as truthful. Those using multiple cues distinguished lies from the truth 59% of the time, while those relying solely on detail achieved 66%.
"Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth," says Verschuere. Nevertheless, in the real world, you would probably need to confirm the accuracy of statements through extra investigations or follow-up questions, he says.
11. Bruno Verschuere and his colleagues conducted the research to confirm that _____.
A. behavioural information played a vital role in finding out the truth
B. it's relatively easier to identify liars by relying only on the detail of statements
C. truth-tellers and liars shared something in common when performing the task
D. people should be trained to detect lies by referring to multiple cues
12. What can we learn from Paragraph 3 and 4
A. Truthful statements included considerably more details than deceptive ones.
B. Liars turned away their eyes more often than truth-tellers.
C. It's difficult for participants to detect liars by using multiple cues like eye contact.
D. Participants who relied on one cue can distinguish lies from the truth faultlessly.
13. What did Verschuere think of the real-life application of his research
A. It had no potential market. B. It made no sense.
C. It could be perfectly applied. D. It had some limitations.
14. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To introduce readers to the classification of lies.
B. To encourage readers to apply the results in real life.
C. To inform readers of scientific findings on detecting liars.
D. To warn readers of psychological harm of telling a lie.
三、七选五
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ①_____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths." ②_____ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading "Acts of kindness." On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ③_____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ④_____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn no from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. ⑤_____ We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：A
解析："whatever" 引导让步状语从句，相当于 "no matter what"，修饰 "rapid progress"，表示 "无论他们取得了多么大的进步"。"however" 修饰形容词或副词；"how much" 用于询问数量或程度；"no matter" 不能单独引导从句，均不符合题意。
2.答案：C
解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意：生活中无论失去什么，不要失去信念和希望，拥有信念和希望，你就能过上幸福的生活，并实现你的目标。whenever 无论何时；wherever 无论在哪里；whatever 无论什么；whoever 无论谁。此处为让步状语从句，表示"无论什么"应用whatever 引导，相当于no matter what。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：考查状语从句。句意：只要你养成定期锻炼的习惯并坚持下去，你就会健康得多。分析句子结构以及句意可知，此处引导的是条件状语从句，表示"只要你养成定期锻炼的习惯并坚持下去"
4.答案：A
解析：该句需要一个表示转折的连词，连接"努力学习"和"精力充沛"这两个意思相反的句子。选项A"Even though" 表示"尽管"，符合句子的语境，表示尽管她已经学习了一整天，但她仍然精力充沛。其他选项意思不符合句意，因此正确答案为 A。
5.答案：D
解析：本题考查时间状语从句。when在句中意为"正当这时"，符合句意。while 所引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，故不符题意。故正确答案为D。
6.答案：C
解析：考查状语从句的连接词。句意：这个男孩在暑假去乡下看望爷爷奶奶时玩得很开心。A.that(无意义)；B.which哪一个；C.when当……； D.where何处。结合句意此处应用when"在……时候"引导时间状语从句。故选C项。
7.答案：C
解析：句意为汤姆很独立，除非他想要父母支持，否则从不问父母意见。A选项"since"意为自从、因为；B选项"once"意为一旦；C选项"unless"意为除非，符合语境；D选项"after"意为在……之后。所以选C。
8.答案：C
解析：A 选项 "If" 表示 "如果"，引导条件状语从句；B 选项 "Since" 意为 "既然因为"，引导原因状语从句；C 选项 "Although" 表示 "虽然，尽管"，引导让步状语从句，此处说虽然他能给予她同情，但几乎无法提供实际帮助，符合让步关系；D 选项 "Until" 意为 "直到……"，引导时间状语从句。所以选 C。
9.答案：B
解析：本题考查时间状语从句。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用be about to...when...意为"刚要做某事，这时"。故选：B.
10.答案：B
解析：A 选项 "as if" 意为 "好像，似乎"；B 选项 "even if" 表示 "即使，尽管"，符合老师声音虽平静但实际可能已经生气了的转折语境；C 选项 "now that" 意为 "既然由于"；D 选项 "in case" 表示 "以防万一"。所以选 B。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行这项研究是想证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。故选B项。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted their gaze a similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying及第四段内容可知，研究结果显示，说真话的人和说谎者回避目光的程度相似，但真实的陈述比欺骗性的陈述包含更多的细节。故选A项。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，维苏耶雷指出在现实世界中，你可能需要通过额外的调查或后续问题来确认陈述的准确性，即他认为他的研究应用于现实生活中会有一些局限性。故选D项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和最后一段中的"Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth," says Verschuere可知，本文主要介绍了评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难，阿姆斯特丹大学的布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行了一项研究，以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是告知读者关于识别说谎者的科学发现。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：DBFCG
解析：①根据上文don't beat yourself up about them(不要因为它们过分自责)和To err is human.(人人都会犯错)并结合下文介绍的自我原谅的方法以及本文的标题Personal Forgiveness可知，设空处应说明犯错后要学会与自己和解，D项中的as important是与上文Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step 作对比，说明为自己的错误担责很重要，学会自我原谅也很重要，且下文中的do this指代D项中的show yourself some forgiveness。固定搭配beat oneself up意为"过分自责"。故选D项。
②根据上文的"...Personal strengths."并结合下文列举的caring, Creative, Generous, A good listener, Fun to be around等诸多个人优点可知，设空处应说明可以在纸上罗列自己的各项优点，且B项中的characteristics you like about yourself与下文中的aspects of your personality that you're proud of相呼应B项(现在列出你身上你自己喜欢的所有品质)衔接上下文。故选B项。
③根据上文的list all the positive things you've done for others并结合上文的举例 helped a friend with their homework、 did the ironing without being asked, baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day可知，可以将自己为他人所做的好事罗列下来，F项(无论事情是什么，无论事情看起来多么微不足道，把它写下来)承接上文。故选F项。
④根据本段首句可知，你可以让你的朋友或家人帮忙添加清单，C项中的doing the exercise与上文中的help add to your list相呼应，They指代上文中的a friend or family member, C项(他们甚至可能喜欢尝试做这项活动)说明让朋友或者家人帮忙的原因，衔接上下文。故选C项。
⑤根据上文的most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes可知，人们从错误中汲取教训，结合下文We're all changing可知，我们并不是一成不变的，G项(无论犯了什么错误，要记住，这并不是你性格中固有的一个方面)衔接上下文。mistake 为原词复现，且G项中的isn't a fixed aspect与下文中的changing相呼应。故选G项。

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