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（4）Unit 4 Protecting our heritage—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选修三期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
同位语从句
在复合句中，跟在名词后对其作进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。
1.能跟同位语从句的名词
多为抽象名词，如 fact、news、idea、truth、doubt、belief、hope、problem、evidence、opinion、plan、possibility、question、evidence、report、explanation、suggestion、conclusion 等 。
2.引导词
连词：that、whether 。that 在从句中不做成分，无意义，不能省略；whether 有 "是否" 之意 。
连接代词：who、which、what 等 。在从句中做主语、宾语或定语 。
连接副词：when、where、why、how 等 。在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语和方式状语 。
3.应注意的问题
分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，同位语从句较长时，为避免头重脚轻，同位语从句后置 。
doubt 后的同位语从句：用于肯定句时用 whether 引导；用于否定句时用 that 引导 。
特定名词后的同位语从句：名词 suggestion、order、demand、command、request、desire、proposal 等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用 "should + 动词原形" ，should 可省略 。
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
引导词作用：that 引导同位语从句时仅起连接作用，无意义；在定语从句中作关系代词，要充当成分 。
引导词含义：who、which 等引导词在同位语从句中有本身含义，且从句无疑问含义 。
先行词特点：同位语从句对应的名词一般为抽象名词，定语从句的先行词无此限制 。
一、单选题
1.Evidence has been found through years of study ______ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. when B. how C. whether D. that
2.Modern science has given evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A.what B.which C.that D.where
3. ______ a strong storm took place in that country.
A.Word that came B.Word which came C.Word came which D.Word came that
4.There are some doubts ______ the meeting can be held on time.
A. Whether B. that C. when D. which
5.When reports came into London Zoo ______ a wild puma had been spotted 45 miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
A.where B.what C.which D.that
6.What we need, rather, is the recognition ______ bringing up children involves a partnership of parents.
A.that B.which C.of D.when
7.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
A. that B. in which C. where D. from which
8.The news came, as expected, ______ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
9.The opinion ______ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.
A.which B.that C.what D.how
10.The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money to conduct the research.
A.what B.which C.that D.whether
二、阅读理解
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui Ruins in Southwest China show that the region's ancient Shu civilization shared similarities with ancient Maya civilization.
The Sanxingdui Ruins belongs to the ancient Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Maya civilization built its city-states around 200 AD.
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the ancient Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolizes the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in the Maya civilization. "They are very important similarities," says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that "the representations of trees in both cultures provide the symbolism that is very similar".
The findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.
While the time span between the ancient Shu Kingdom and the Maya is great, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their world view through related symbols. "In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at this latitude (纬度), both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon," the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artefacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in Maya, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
"Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak the same language or not, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental," says Santos.
11.What is a similarity between the ancient Shu civilization and Maya civilization
A. Their starting time. B. Their historical origins.
C. Their cultural symbols. D. Their ceremony traditions.
12.What have the findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins proved
A. Silk was a common clothing material then.
B. Some technologies were developed much earlier.
C. The Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed.
D. The ancient Shu Kingdom and the Maya had close contact.
13.What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A. Damp weather. B. Positioning of ruins.
C. High latitude. D. Language barriers.
14.What is the purpose of quoting Santos' words in the last paragraph
A. To show our cultural knowledge is increasing.
B. To explain the benefits of speaking different languages.
C. To prove the increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
D. To highlight the importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
三、七选五
For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. ①_____
Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific ②____. There, you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region's history, scientific achievements, major cultural events, and of course, dinosaurs. They also design exhibitions related to visual arts, industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
③_____ They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.
Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue (税收) or a separate concern from other city projects. ④_____ Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.
Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other. ⑤_____
A. Museums bring out the best qualities in children.
B. Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.
C. Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.
D. Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.
E. Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connection.
F. On the contrary, they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.
G. The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：D
解析：本题查同位语从句。从句 children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up 是对 Evidence 的具体内容的解释说明，是同位语从句，且从句不缺成分，所以用 that 引导，when 在从句中作时间状语；how 在从句中作方式状语；whether 表示 "是否"，在从句中作状语，但这里不需要表示是否的意思，故选 D。
2.答案：C
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：现代科学证明吸烟可以导致许多疾病。evidence后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，用连接词that。
3.答案：D
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：消息传来，那个国家发生了一场强风暴。结合选项和句子可知，本句是同位语从句，从句句子成分完整，句意完整，用that引导，"消息传来"翻译为"word come"，从句使用的一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时。故选D。
4.答案：A
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：会议能否按时举行还有些疑问。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，本句先行词为doubts，由从句可知，后面的部分为一个结果未知的问题，想表达的是是否能按时召开的意思，用whether引导。故选A项。
5.答案：D
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：当伦敦动物园看到报道说一只野生美洲狮在伦敦南部45英里的地方时，他们没有当回事。此处说明reports的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故选D。
6.答案：A
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：相反，我们需要的是认识到抚养孩子需要父母的合作。同位语从句说明 recognition 的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that。故选A。
7.答案：A
解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知， 主句为there be句型， 且结构完整， evidence后为同位语从句， 解释说明evidence的内容， 故填that。
8.答案：B
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：不出所料，消息传来了，我表弟被选为前往非洲的外援医生。说明news的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故选B。
9.答案：B
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：教育专家多年来一直认为学习是一个终生的过程。分析句意及句子成分可知，此处为the opinion的同位语从句，从句不缺少成分、句意完整，应使用that，that在名词性从句中无实意、不作成分、只起连接作用。故选B。
10.答案：D
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：是否我们有足够的钱来实施这项研究，这个问题在会议上提了出来。空处引导同位语从句解释question。根据句意，对于"我们是否有足够的钱"表示不确定。whether为从句的引导词，意为"是否"，符合句意。故选D。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知， 在古蜀国遗址出土的青铜制树木残片类似于玛雅文明中的圣树， 古蜀国与玛雅文明这两种文化中树木的象征意义非常相似。由此可知， 古蜀国与玛雅文明的相似之处在于它们有相似的文化象征。故选 C 项。
12.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later 可知， 三星堆遗址的发现表明古代文明早已有了被认为是在很久以后才发展起来的技术， 即古代的一些技术要比我们认为的发展得更早。由此可知， 三星堆遗址的发现证明了一些技术发展得更早。故选 B 项。
13.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的 They developed in areas with comparable climates 和倒数第二段可知， 三星堆遗址和玛雅文明所处地区气候相似， 多雨潮湿的气候对玛雅文明的保护造成了困难，由于气候相似，多雨潮湿的气候也对三星堆遗址的保护造成了困难。由此可知， 保护这两处遗址的共同挑战是潮湿的天气。故选 A 项。
14.答案： D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental 可知， 桑托斯认为知识的交流是至关重要的。由此可知， 最后一段引用桑托斯的话旨在强调文化知识交流的重要性。故选 D 项。
三、七选五
答案：GDBCE
解析：①上文提到人们在旅行中有很多选择，博物馆不是人们的首选地方，G项(然而，事实是博物馆在许多方面提供了神奇的好处)中的however表明其实去博物馆有好多益处，与上文构成转折关系，此处点明本文的主题，与下文衔接顺畅。故选G项。
②根据上文Museums are places where... interested in something specific？可知，人们可以去博物馆观看一些特别的东西；D项中的that subject对应上文的something specific，故选D项。
③通读本段可知，此处讲的是博物馆可以让孩子们接受教育，学习知识，B项(博物馆经常举办以儿童为中心的展览)适合作本段小标题，符合语境。故选B项。
④上文提到博物馆不是税收的负担，也不是一个与其他城市项目分开的问题。C项(相反，它们产生资金和刺激就业)与上文构成转折关系，语义连贯，且下文Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America。具体解释了博物馆创造工作机会的功能，上下文衔接顺畅。故选C项。
⑤上文涉及了博物馆塑造社区的功能，博物馆作为一个公共空间，人们可以在此相遇并相互交流，E项(甚至是在那里的礼品店购物，也有机会建立联系)与上文内容衔接紧密。故选E项。

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