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（3）Unit 3 Back to the past—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选修三期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
表语从句
表语从句是在句中充当表语的从句，用于进一步对主句的主语进行解释说明。
1.引导词
引导表语从句的连接词包括：
连接代词：what、who、whom、whose、which 。
连接副词：when、where、how、why 。
其他：that、whether、as if /as though、because 等 。
2.不同引导词的用法
that：仅起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略 。例如：The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.(一般的定律是，气候温和的地区语言种类相对较少，通常说这些语言的人很多，而炎热、潮湿的地区语言种类很多，通常说这些语言的人很少 )
whether：起连接作用，意为 "是否" ，在从句中不作成分。需注意，if 不能引导表语从句 。例如：The question is whether we can rely on him.(问题是我们能否信任他 )
as if / as though / because:
as if /as though 引导的表语从句常置于系动词 look、seem、sound、be、become 等后面 。例如：It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.(看起来好像即将来临的秋收甚至比去年还好 )
because 引导的表语从句常见于 "This / That / It is /was because..." 句型中 。
连接代词：what、who、whom、whose、which 等引导表语从句时，除连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语等成分 。例如："Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea." This is what my mother used to tell me.("每次吃甜食时要喝绿茶。" 这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的 )
连接副词：where、when、why、how 引导表语从句时，除连接作用外，还在从句中分别充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语 。例如：The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the water park.(我们上一次玩得很开心是我们参观水上公园的时候 )
一、单选题
1.Volunteering in communities is ______ it takes to build a harmonious society.
A. whether B. where C. when D. what
2.It seemed that Jim had become ______ his parents had wanted him to be.
A.whether B.where C.what D.when
3.The most important thing was ______ people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the sea.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
4."Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea." This is ______ my mother used to tell me.
A.what B.how C.that D.whether
5.Life is filled with ups and downs. What is most significant is ______ we respond to them.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
6.The question is ______ we can do to help the poor children in the mountain village.
A.where B.how C.what D.which
7. ______ she couldn't understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
8. ______ everyone must be informed of before setting out to finish the paper is ______ it is a student-made one.
A. What; which B. What; that C. That; that D. That; /
9.As John Lennon once said, life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A.Which B.that C.what D.where
10.The Palace Museum is ______ the royal families used to live and it's now a historical museum with collections of valuable antiques.
A.what B.which C.where D.how
二、阅读理解
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. "I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. "Safe, man. Safe."
"Yeah," I said. "Safe."
11.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London
A.He felt disappointed. B.He gave up his hobby.
C.He liked the weather there. D.He had disagreements with his family.
12.What do the underlined words "Safe! Safe! Safe!" probably mean
A.Be careful! B.Well done! C.No way! D.Don't worry!
13.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London
A.To join the skateboarding. B.To make new friends.
C.To learn more tricks. D.To relive his childhood days.
14.What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A.Children should learn a second language.
B.Sport is necessary for children's health.
C.Children need a sense of belonging.
D.Seeing the world is a must for children.
三、七选五
Try to picture the world before refrigerators. That may be difficult! ①_____ They may also help store leftovers there after dinner. Yes, life today would be quite different-without refrigerators. How did people keep their food fresh before these machines were around
②_____ In cold areas, ancient people could freeze their food. They could then store it in ice and snow. Warmer places allowed for drying food in sunlight. Experts say these early practices gave people the option to settle and form communities.
One advanced method of food storage arose in Persia around 400 BC. People there stored food in structures called Yakhchal, which were buildings made from mud brick to keep ice frozen during even the warmest summer months. During the Middle Ages, people stored meat by salting or smoking it. ③_____ These foods could then be stored in cool places, like caves, allowing people to save food for difficult times.
Later, buildings called ice houses or ice pits were built upon the idea of the Yakhchal. Such ice houses were very common by the 1800s. At the end of the 19th century, many people kept their food fresh in iceboxes made of wood. ④_____ Ice delivery businesses grew with more homes requiring ice to store food.
By the 1930s, many people were using electric refrigerators to keep food fresh. ⑤_____ Many refrigerators today come with built-in ice makers. Some people even choose smart refrigerators that can help them with meal plans and grocery shopping.
A. They would also dry many foods, including grains.
B. These containers held large blocks of ice to keep food cool.
C. No one knows for sure how people first learned to store food.
D. With no means to store food, ancient people often went hungry or even died.
E. After all, kids today are used to grabbing a snack from the fridge after school.
F. Since then, growth in technology has led these machines to become more advanced.
G. Actually, people found different ways to keep their food fresh thousands of years ago.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：D
解析："Volunteering in communities is... it takes to build a harmonious society."(在社区做志愿服务是建设和谐社会所需要的东西)，这里是表语从句，"what" 在从句中作 "takes" 的宾语，"what it takes to do sth." 表示 "做某事所需要的东西"，符合句子的语法结构和语义。"whether"(是否)、"where"(在哪里)、"when"(什么时候)在从句中不能作宾语，均不符合题意。
2.答案：C
解析：考查表语从句。句意：看来吉姆已经成为他父母希望他成为的人。分析句子结构可知，本空引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，应用what引导。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：was动词后的表语从句意思和结构完整，用连接词that引导从句。B项正确。故选：B。
4.答案：A
解析：本题主要考查表语从句。根据句子结构可知，设空处在从句中作 tell的宾语，指代前面的一整句话，只能用 what 来引导。故正确答案为A。
5.答案：C
解析：考查表语从句。句意：生活充满了起起落落。最重要的是我们如何回应它们。分析句子结构可知，"_______ we respond to them" 是表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，根据语境，这里表达的是 "我们如何回应生活中的起伏"，所以用连接词 "how" 引导表语从句，表示 "如何，怎样"。A. why 表示原因；B. what 在从句中作主语、宾语等；D. which 表示 "哪一个"，在从句中作主语、宾语等。故选 C。
6.答案：C
解析： 该题考察疑问词的用法。句中需要一个引导词引导宾语从句，且该词在从句中充当宾语。选项中只有"what"符合要求，表示"什么"，可以引导宾语从句并在从句中充当宾语。因此，正确答案为 C. what。
7.答案：A
解析：考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：她不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。第一空引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示"什么"应用what引导主语从句；第二空，引导表语从句并在从句中作原因状语，表示"为什么"，应用why引导表语从句。故选A项。
8.答案：B
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在开始完成论文之前，每个人都必须知道这是一篇学生写的论文。
9.答案：C
解析：考查名词性从句用法。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。本题主句是一个表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，故用what来引导。在名词性从句中，当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，一般用关系词what来引导。故C正确。
10.答案：C
解析：考查表语从句。句意：故宫博物院是皇室家族曾经居住的地方，现在是一个收藏珍贵古董的历史博物馆。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导从句，"live"为不及物动词，从句中缺少地点状语，故应用关系副词"where"引导从句。故选C项。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句可知，在移居伦敦后，全家人都快速融入其中，只有作者一个人想念以前的沙滩和蓝天，觉得迷茫和格格不入，由此可知作者并不喜欢这座新的城市，觉得很沮丧。A项中的disappointed与第一段中的at a loss和out of place相呼应。故选A项。
12.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it.可知，"Safe"一词是滑板运动中用来称赞和鼓励他人的口头禅。再根据第二段中的when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud可知，作者当时刚刚顺利掌握了一个滑板技巧，故可推断出朋友们对作者连喊三声"Safe!"应该是对他的夸赞。故选B项。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。文中第二段讲述了作者在伦敦南岸和当地人一起玩滑板的美好童年时光。而第三段提到在作者15岁那年全家移居华盛顿，由于当地人不太友好，作者渐渐放弃了玩滑板这一爱好。再结合文中第四段第一句可知，作者在回到伦敦后不由自主地游走到了曾经玩滑板的南岸，故可推断出作者之所以喜欢在南岸消磨时间，是因为他想在那里重温美好的童年时光。故选D项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者9岁时移居伦敦后感到迷茫和格格不入，但在南岸这个地方结识了很多当地的滑板玩家，他们之间用"Safe"来进行沟通。作者15岁时移居华盛顿，在2004年重返伦敦并结识了一位正在玩滑板的少年。在与少年的交谈中，作者再次听到"Safe"这句熟悉的口头禅，顿时找到了久违的归属感。由此可推知，文章想要传达的信息可能是"儿童需要归属感"。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：EGABF
解析：①根据上文中的"Try to picture the world before refrigerators."和下文中的"They may also help store left overs there after dinner."可知，空后的They指代的是上文中的refrigerators，且由also可知，下文与空处是递进关系，空处说的是冰箱对于现代人的不可或缺性。E项"毕竟，现在的孩子们习惯了放学后从冰箱里拿零食。"符合语境，承上启下。故选E。
②下文"In cold areas, ancient people could freeze their food. They could then store it in ice and snow. Warmer places allowed for drying food in sunlight."介绍了古人保存食物的方法。G项"事实上，几千年前，人们就找到了不同的方法来使他们的食物保持新鲜。"引出下文，符合语境。故选G。
③上文"During the Middle Ages, people stored meat by salting or smoking it."提到中世纪的人们储存肉类的方法；下文"These foods could then be stored in cool places, like caves, allowing people to save food for difficult times."说明有些食物可以储存在凉爽的地方。A项"他们也会烘干许多食物，包括谷物。"与上下文并列，举例说明人们储存食物的方法，符合语境，其中的many foods即下文的These foods。故选A。
④上文"At the end of the 19th century, many people kept their food fresh in iceboxes made of wood."提到19世纪末，人们使用木制的冰箱保存食物。B项"这些容器装有大块的冰块以保持食物的凉爽。"承接上文，其中的These containers与上文中的iceboxes 相呼应。故选B。
⑤上文"By the 1930s, many people were using electric refrigerators to keep food fresh."提到人们开始使用电冰箱保存食物；下文"Many refrigerators today come with built-in ice makers. Some people even choose smart refrigerators that can help them with meal plans and grocery shopping."说明冰箱变得更加先进、智能。F项"从那时起，技术的发展使这些机器变得更加先进。"承上启下，其中these machines指代上文中的electric refrigerators。故选F。

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